1 © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information Abaqus for Oil & Gas Geomechanics Stephen King| SIMULIA
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Abaqus for Oil & Gas GeomechanicsStephen King| SIMULIA
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Agenda Overview
Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics
Applications of Abaqus capabilities
Reservoir Geomechanics Simulations
Summary
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Oil & Gas Geomechanics: Points to Consider
Points to consider for simulations
Is coupled pore fluid diffusion-stress analysis necessary?
Are temperature effects important?
Which material model is appropriate?
Is damage and failure modeling important?
Is contact modeling important?
What is the model scale? Does it involve multiple scales?
What is turnaround time for simulations?
What element types need to be used?
Are there proprietary material models or loads that need to be taken into account?
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Coupled Pore Fluid Diffusion-Displacement
• Pore fluid flow affects the deformations and the deformations affect the pore fluid flow
Fully coupled pore fluid-displacement solutions
• Fully drained
No pore pressure effects
• Fully undrained
Pore pressure affects results but no fluid diffusion
Coupled temperature-fluid diffusion-displacement
Courtesy: MCS
Courtesy: S. Mantica, G.Capasso &
S.Monaco , eni E&P
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Material Models
Some factors that affect model choice
Nonlinear stress-strain behavior
Irreversible deformations
Influence of hydrostatic pressure stress on “strength”
Influence of hydrostatic pressure on stress-strain behavior
Influence of intermediate principal stress on “strength”
Shear stressing-dilatancy coupling
Influence of hydrostatic pressure stress on volume changes
Hardening/softening related to volume changes
Stress path dependency
Effects of stress reversals
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Pressure
Shear
stress
Yield surface
Material Models
Abaqus provides a wide range of material models
• Linear, isotropic
• Porous, isotropic (nonlinear)
Elasticity models
• Open surface, pressure independent (Mises)
• Open surface, pressure dependent (Mohr-Coulomb, Drucker-Prager)
• Closed surface (Cam-clay, Drucker-Prager with Cap)
• Multisurface (jointed material)
Plasticity models
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Damage and Failure
• Range of damage initiation and propagation criteria
Progressive damage simulations
• With or without pore pressures
Cohesive elements
• User-defined erosion criteria
Erosion
Element failure and deletion
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Advanced Contact Modeling Capabilities
Automatic contact detection and general contact
• Lagrangian contact
• Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian contact
• Range of friction models, including customized models
Soil-structure interactions
• Maintain pore pressure continuity across an interface or specify impermeable interfaces
• Cohesive pore pressure elements
Pore fluid contact
Ties and contact activation
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Efficient Simulations at Various Scales
• Parallel execution on clusters for both Abaqus/Standard and Explicit
• High-performance direct and iterative solvers
High performance solutions
• Drive detailed simulations using global results
Submodeling
2.4M DOF
0
2
4
6
8
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4 8 16
An
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is t
ime
[hrs
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Cores
Reservoir analysis scaling
Direct
Iterative
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Element Technology
Comprehensive element library
2D and 3D
Shells, beams, solids
• Cohesive elements
• Infinite elements
Special purpose elements
• Triangles and rectangles
• Bricks and tetrahedrals
Different shapes
• First and second order
Different interpolation orders
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Extensions and Customization
User subroutines
User elements
User materials
Proprietary failure criteria
User loads and boundary conditions
User friction models
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Agenda Overview
Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics
Applications of Abaqus capabilities
Reservoir Geomechanics Simulations
Summary
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Ice Scouring
Courtesy: JP Kenny
• Iceberg gouging of sea floor near buried arctic oil pipelines
Application
• Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian capability to capture ice-soil-structure interactions accurately
• Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different types of soil.
• General contact to easily setup all contact interactions.
• Scalable parallel performance on many cores.
Why Abaqus Unified FEA?
• Optimize required pipeline burial depth for safe operations in the arctic ecosystem
Benefits
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Offshore Platforms
• Assess the integrity of spudcan foundations taking into account installation procedure and operational loads
Application
• Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian capability to capture soil-structure interactions accurately
• Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different types of soil.
• General contact to easily setup all contact interactions.
• Scalable parallel performance on many cores.
Why Abaqus Unified FEA?
• Improve stability of offshore structures
Benefits
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Sand Control
• Estimate erosion and sand production as a function of hydrocarbon production
Application
• Adaptive meshing with advection
• Solution mapping
• User subroutines for user-defined erosion criteria
• Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement solutions using coupled pore pressure-displacement elements
• Element failure and deletion capabilities
Why Abaqus Unified FEA?
• Determine appropriate sand control techniques with greater confidence
BenefitsErosion of material (sand production) in an oil
wellbore
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Sand Control
Courtesy: Weatherford
• Design and evaluate all aspects of Expandable Sand Screens (ESS®), from installation to operation in a variety of applications/reservoir conditions.
Application
• Most advanced FEA tool for realistic simulation accounting for all nonlinearities
• Geometry import from a variety of CAD tools and formats
• Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different types of rock and soil
• Sophisticated and yet very easy to use “general” contact capabilities to handle even the most complex contact conditions
• Abaqus/Explicit for simulating nonlinear dynamic events
Why Abaqus Unified FEA?
• Develop enhanced and new ESS designs with substantial cost savings
Benefits
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• Simulate effects of hydraulic fracture on hydrocarbon production
Application
• Special-purpose cohesive elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom to model fractured surface
• Specify tangential and normal flow
• Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement procedure using coupled pore pressure-displacement elements
• Good library of material properties, together with failure modeling
• User subroutines for using advanced and/or proprietary technology
Why Abaqus Unified FEA?
• Assess value of hydraulic fracture and use appropriate fracing technology
Benefits
Hydraulic Fracture
Hydraulically induced fracture near a
well bore
Potential of XFEM technology in the
future
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Well Casings
Courtesy: C-FER
(SCC 2008)
• Design well casings taking into account cyclic thermal loads and formation movements
Application
• Coupled thermal-stress analysis
• Material models for metals and soil
• Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement solutions
• User-defined extensions
Why Abaqus Unified FEA?
• Reduce casing failures especially for Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS), Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), and other (thermal) secondary extraction methods
Benefits
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Agenda Overview
Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics
Applications of Abaqus capabilities
Reservoir Geomechanics Simulations
Summary
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The extraction of oil & gas from
underground reservoirs leads to a
reduction in pore fluid pressure
This results in a redistribution of stress in
the rock formation
Can lead to ground subsidence
Can in turn affect the flow of oil & gas
within the reservoir
Geomechanics predictions of ground
deformation is needed to maximize oil &
gas extraction
Flow of oil & gas is simulated by
reservoir flow simulators, such as
Eclipse
Abaqus is used for geomechanics
Reservoir Geomechanics
Subsidence and compaction can affect production
Courtesy: eni E&P
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• Determine subsidence and compaction as a function of hydrocarbon extraction
Application
• Coupled pore pressure-displacement solutions
• Element technology
• Library of soil material properties
• Damage and failure modeling
• User-defined extensions
• Materials, elements, loads, etc.
• Contact
• Submodeling
• High performance parallel execution
Why Abaqus Unified FEA?
• Improve estimates of hydrocarbon production and avoid well bore failures
Benefits
Reservoir Geomechanics
Courtesy: S. Mantica, G.Capasso &
S.Monaco , eni E&P
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Reservoir Geomechanics
Subsidence and Compaction
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Reservoir Geomechanics
Subsidence and Compaction
http://www.fesaus.org/webcast/2009/09/NewTechForum_10_Gmi/Member42942/
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Streamlined Reservoir Geomechanics
GeologicalModeling
Geomechanics Setup
Geomechanics Execution
Detailed Geomechanics
FlowSetup
Flow Execution
• Streamlined process for setting up reservoir geomechanics model in Abaqus
• Create Abaqus models from Eclipse reservoir models
• Use Eclipse results to drive Abaqus geomechanics simulations
Collaborative R&D with ENI
Available in
6.11*
* May need minor services engagement to tailor solution to customer workflow
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Streamlined Reservoir Geomechanics
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Streamlined Reservoir Geomechanics
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Integrated Reservoir Simulations
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• Baker Hughes’ JewelSuite will provide an integrated reservoir modeling environment that will fully support Abaqus technologies
• Solution will also support coupled simulations between Abaqus and industry-leading reservoir flow tools
SIMULIA-Baker Hughes partnership
Coming soon
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Summary
Strong geomechanics capabilities leveraging core
Abaqus strengths Contact, HPC, Fracture and Failure etc.
Accelerating investments for reservoir simulations ENI (and other) customer engagements to address key needs
BakerHughes partnership for Integrated Reservoir Simulations
Dedicated R&D roadmap for Oil & Gas geomechanics to
continue further improvements
Abaqus: Industry-leading oil & gas geomechanics capabilities
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