AAK%20Infant%20Nutrition

AAK – the preferred partner in fats for Infant Nutrition

Infant Nutrition

2Infant Nutrition

Oils and Fats in Infant NutritionCreating »« opportunities

Breast milk – the golden standardThe composition of breast milk is such that it supplies the energy and components nec-essary for growth and development of the baby. The main components are: lactose, fats and proteins. In addition to this it is a source of minor components that are es-sential for the healthy development of the baby. The fatty acid composition of breast milk is influenced by a number of factors. It changes during the breastfeeding period, but it also depends on the time of day and the eating habits of the mother. A typical fatty acid composition can be found on page 4.

EnergyFat is the main source of energy in the breast milk. About 50 % of the dietary calo-ries are supplied to newborns as fat. Breast milk has a fat content of 3-5 %

Essential fatty acidsThe fat in breast milk is also the source of the essential fatty acids. These fatty acids: linoleic acid (C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3) can not be synthesized by the hu-man body.

Long Chain PolyUnsaturated Fatty Acid (LC PUFA)The essential fatty acid are the basis for the formation of the so called Long Chain Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (LC PUFA). These have essential roles in the signaling system and in the cell membranes, especially in the brain and the eye development. When infants intake of LC PUFA is zero the con-version from the essential fatty acids to LC PUFA might be insufficient.

ß-palmitateThe triglyceride molecule of breast milk fat has a specific composition (the same in hu-mans all over the world), with a saturated palmitic fatty acid (C16:0) in the central, (sn-2 or ß) position and mainly unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1) in the outer (sn-1,3 or α) positions in the triglyceride. A glyceride with palmitic fatty acid in the ß position is called ß-palmitate. The benefits of this triglycerid is explained more in detail on page 6-7.

Understanding customer needs is our businessAAK is a world leading supplier of high value- added speciality fats. In every customer rela-tionship, our role is to contribute to the com-petitiveness of our customers in their respec-tive markets. We offer a wide range of product advantages; from highly nutritional products, products developed for better taste and longer shelf life, to cost efficiency.

CompanyAAK´s wide product portfolio meets customer requirements worldwide. Our customers rep-resent a wide range of industries; Food, Infant Nutrition, Confectionery, Cosmetics, Technical and Feed. AAK’s objective is to supply inno-vative and creative, vegetable fat solutions for the benefit of our customers.

Products tailored for your needsAAK offers a complete range of oils and fats for infant nutrition. The Akonino range con-sists of blends with a specific fatty acid profile tailored to the customer needs.

Quality and Food safetyAAK’s quality comprises the entire product chain – from raw material to finished product. All of AAK’s production units are certified ac-cording to international standard’s. HACCP is one of the tools used in order to secure a high level of product safety.

Research & DevelopmentAAK’s knowledge and expertise regarding the properties of vegetable fats develop continu-ously through customer contacts, cooperation with research institutes and governmental authorities – regionally and globally. Our re-search and development take place in close coordination with the customer to tailor prod-ucts to meet the customer’s requirements.

AAK ACADEMY™

AAK’s customer training programme is or-ganised by AAK ACADEMY™. The Academy arranges courses and seminars for entire in-dustries as well as for individual customers. The purpose of the training is to make it easier for our customers to control the functionality of the fat in their own prod-uct.

For further information see www.aak.com

Fats in Infant Nutrition

EnergyEssential fatty acidsLC PUFAß-palmitate

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Quality and standardsAAK is well known for its high level of product quality and food safety. During 100 years of processing mild but effective processing has been developed to give pure and fresh oils. Processing is designed to give good oxidation stability and bland taste. In addition process conditions have been optimized to ensure that oils are free from undesirable components. Working procedures and instructions are in place for the entire supply chain from raw material suppliers to finished product. These are part of our quality assurance sys-tems and have been verified by third party auditors against international standards.

AAK Food Safety and Quality standards

Monitoring programme; regular monitoring of purity of raw ma-terials and finished products to identify new potential hazards and verify func-tionality of all our con-trol measures.

AAK Certificates

ISO 9001 Quality

ISO 22000 Food Safety

ISO 14001 Environment

Kosher Products

Halal Products

Organic Products

Product safetyOur approach to food safety is proactive and preventive and covers the whole supply chain. A detailed HACCP plan is in operation in our plants. We have defined our internal standard of contaminants, which in many cases goes beyond legal requirements for potential hazardous contaminants. Key ele-ments in assuring compliance are:

Supplier audits; raw materials are only bought from suppliers who have been audited and approved by our in-house team of trained and experienced audi-tors.

Change procedures in our processing; a “food safety team” supervises and ap-proves all changes in processing con-ditions to ensure that food safety is not affected.

Process validation; optimization of proc-ess conditions to ensure removal of un-desirable components.

Breast milk – the referenceThe reference for infant formula is breast milk. An important aim is therefore to mimic the fat composition of human breast milk. To achieve this, a number of different oils needs to be blended. AAK has a long ex-perience in supplying tailor made blends to infant formula producers under the Akonino brand name.

Specified fat compositionA tailor made blend for an infant formula may comprise up to five components of specified proportions, in order to come as close as possible to the fat composition in breast milk. Different oils contribute with different fatty acids providing the total composition to be in line with the specification. AAK can provide a wide range of oils to fulfill any re-quirement on composition.

Saturated fat from palm and lauricsPalm oil provides palmitic acid, which is the predominant saturated fatty acid. To reach the level of 20-25 % found in breast milk, 40-50 % palm oil or palm olein is required. To get even closer to breast milk, palm oil should be replaced by InFat™, the product described in pages, 6-7.

In addition, coconut or palmkernel oil is needed to provide the shorter-chain fatty acids C8, C10, C12 (lauric) and C14 (myr-istic). 10 to 15 percent is enough to provide the desired level of lauric acid, for exam-ple.

Essential fatty acidsFurthermore, the formula needs to contain sufficient essential fatty acids. 10-20 % rapeseed or soyabean oil delivers the target level of 1-2 % of linolenic acid (18:3) and part of the linoleic (18:2).

4Infant Nutrition

Akonino – the preferred choice for infant formula blends

In most cases at least one more liquid oil is needed to provide the desired levels of linoleic and oleic acid.

AntioxidantsDifferent antioxidants, such as mixed toco-pherols, α-tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate and lecithin can also be added on request.

Akonino rangeMost Akonino products are tailor made in cooperation with the customer, some ex-amples of standard products are described below.

Fatty acid composition of some typical Akonino productsFatty acid profile (%)

Breast milk Akonino NS Akonino NR Akonino SC

C8 0.6 0.5 2.2 30

C10 1 0.5 1.8 20

C12 6.2 6 14.7 4.5

C14 7.8 2.5 5.9 1.5

C16 25 23 22.5 4.2

C18:0 8.7 3 3.7 1.4

C18:1 35.0 42 29.5 14.5

C18:2 11.0 19 15.6 19.5

C18:3 1.2 2 1.5 2.8

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Tailor made blends – AAK takes responsibility

Four tanks or oneThere are several advantages with using tailor made blends compared to buying single oils and blend in-house. Firstly, the logistical advantage of handling only one oil-blend instead of purchasing individual oils is significant. The supply and demand as well as quality can be optimized. This ensure the oil is consumed in as short time as possible. Buying single oil requires at least one storage tank for each oil. The rate of consumption of the various oils will differ since they are used in different percentages in the blend. The challenge of balancing supply and demand is consequently great-er when buying individual oils.

Full truckloadsFreight costs are an important factor in the total cost, and when buying a tailor made blend, full truckloads will keep these costs as low as possible. Transporting the oils separately may, however, induce difficul-ties to utilize full truckloads. The differ-ent oils may have different turnover rates. A slower turnover leads to higher working capital being tied up in raw material stor-age since more tanks are needed, and it is likely that in average more oil will be stored in the tanks.

Improved qualityOils used in smaller quantities may also need longer storage time before consumed. This will have a negative impact on product quality since longer storage leads to more oxidative breakdown of the oil. When sup-plying oil blends we effectively take over the raw material supply and storage for our customers and supply freshly produced oil blends at a rate that matches their rate of consumption.

Better quality, simpler planning and less working capital make blends a more attrac-tive option than single oils.

Guaranteed specificationAfter agreeing on a specification for the complete blend, AAK will take the responsibility to ensure that the specification is met for each de-livery. This saves the extra work for the producer, who has to optimize the composition depending on variations in the raw materials. When buying a tailor made Akonino blend, this optimization is handled by AAK.

Raw materials available from AAK

Coconut oilPalmkernel oilPalm and palm oil fractionsSunflower oilHigh oleic sunflower oilSoyabean oilRapeseed oilCorn oilHigh oleic rapeseed oilMCT oils

Tailor made Akonino blends

Better qualityGuaranteed specificationBetter addition of antioxidantsSimplified planningImproved logisticsLess working capital

Akonino NS is a typical example of a blend for a standard infant formula, with a composition very close to that of breast milk. In this blend the linolenic acid is sup-plied by rapeseed oil. Akonino NR is a sim-ilar blend where the linolenic acid comes from soyabean oil instead. Akonino SC is a blend comprising MCT oils, which are used in special formulas for preterm infants. MCT oils are based on short chain fatty acids (C8, C10) and as such are appreciated as an efficient source of energy.

6Infant Nutrition

InFat is an advanced fat ingredient, de-veloped to meet the specific needs of the growing infant. It has a fat composition mimicing that of human milk fat, thereby enabling optimised uptake of calcium and energy and easy digestion. These benefits are the results of the fatty acid composition on the glycerol backbone, which ensures high level of palmitic acid at the middle (sn-2) position. ß-palmitate the significance of

this fatty acid and its position is evident from the fact that this is conserved in

all women, regardless of origin or nu-trition, unlike the general fatty acid profile of human milk.

Human milk fatcompositionIn human breast milk, and in infant formulas, up to 50  % of the dietary calories are supplied to newborns as fat. More than 98  % of this fat is in the form of tri-glycerides, which contain saturated and unsatu-rated fatty acids esteri-fied to glycerol (1). Fatty acids in human milk-fat have a highly specific positional distribution on the glycerol back bone (2). This specific configu-ration is known to have a major impact on the efficacy of this nutrient absorption. Palmitic acid (C16:0) is the predominant saturated fatty acid, consti-

tuting 17-25  % of the fatty acids in mature human milk.

Of the palmitic acid, 70-75 % is esterified to the sn-2 position

of the triglyceride ß-palmitate (2). In contrast, palmitic acid

present in standard vegetable oils

is esterified to the sn-1 and sn-3 positions while the sn-2 position is predominantly oc-cupied by unsaturated fatty acids (3).

Human milk fat absorptionWhen an infant is breast fed, the hydrolysis of dietary triacylglycerols by endogenous lipases produces sn-2 monoacylglycerols and free fatty acids (4). The importance of the positional distribution of the fatty acids in human milk or infant formula fat applies particularly to palmitic acid since it is one of the major constituents and is relatively poorly absorbed as the fatty acid. The un-saturated and short chain saturated fatty acids are well absorbed regardless of their positional distribution (5). The coefficient of absorption of free long chain saturated fatty acids, i.e. palmitic acid and longer, is relatively low (6). This is in part due to their melting point above body temperature (~63ºC). The tendency of these fatty acids is to form hydrated fatty acid soaps with minerals such as calcium or magnesium at the pH of the intestine (7).

S = Saturated U = Unsaturated

sn-1

sn-2

sn-3

LIPASE

U U

U U

S S

Figure 1 Human Milk Fat absorption

Absorption of human milk fat com-pared to standard infant formulaThe superior absorption of human milk fat over standard infant formula has been demonstrated in both human (8-10) and animal models (5, 11). These studies showed that palmitic acid is absorbed from human milk as sn-2 monoacylglycerol (9), and conserved as such through digestion, absorption, and chylomicron triacylglycerol

InFat – Closer to human milkInFat is supplied by Advanced Lipids, joint venture of AAK and Enzymotec.

1. Giovannini, M., E. Riva, and C. Agostoni, Fatty acids in pediatric nutrition. Pediatr Clin North Am, 1995. 42(4): p. 861-77.

2. Breckenridge, W.C., L. Marai, and A. Kuksis, Triglycer-ide structure of human milk fat. Can J Biochem,1969. 47(8): p. 761-9.

3. Mattson, F.H. and R.A. Volpenhein, The specific distri-bution of fatty acids in the glycerides of vegetable fats. J Biol Chem, 1961. 236: p. 1891-4.

4. Mattson, F.H. and R.A. Volpenhein, The Digestion and Absorption of Triglycerides. J Biol Chem, 1964. 239: p. 2772-7.

5. Tomarelli, R.M., et al., Effect of positional distribution on the absorption of the fatty acids of human milk and infant formulas. J Nutr, 1968. 95(4): p. 583-90.

6. Jensen, C., N.R. Buist, and T. Wilson, Absorption of individual fatty acids from long chain or medium chain triglycerides in very small infants. Am J Clin Nutr, 1986. 43(5): p. 745-51.

7. Small, D.M., The effects of glyceride structure on ab-sorption and metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr, 1991. 11: p. 413-34.

8. Lopez-Lopez, A., et al., The influence of dietary palmitic acid triacylglyceride position on the fatty acid, calcium and magnesium contents of at term newborn faeces.

Early Hum Dev, 2001. 65 Suppl: p. S83-94.9. Innis, S.M., R. Dyer, and C.M. Nelson, Evidence that

palmitic acid is absorbed as sn-2 monoacylglycerol from human milk by breast-fed infants. Lipids, 1994. 29(8): p. 541-5.

10. Nelson, C.M. and S.M. Innis, Plasma lipoprotein fatty acids are altered by the positional distribution of fatty acids in infant formula triacylglycerols and human milk. Am J Clin Nutr, 1999. 70(1): p. 62-9.

11. Innis, S.M., et al., Palmitic acid is absorbed as sn-2 monopalmitin from milk and formula with rearranged triacylglycerols and results in increased plasma triglyc-eride sn-2 and cholesteryl ester palmitate in piglets. J Nutr, 1995. 125(1): p. 73-81.

12. Nelson, S.E., et al., Palm olein in infant formula: ab-sorption of fat and minerals by normal infants. Am J Clin Nutr, 1996. 64(3): p. 291-6.

13. Nelson, S.E., J.A. Frantz, and E.E. Ziegler, Absorption of fat and calcium by infants fed a milk-based formula containing palm olein. J Am Coll Nutr, 1998. 17(4): p. 327-32.

14. Quinlan, P.T., et al., The relationship between stool hardness and stool composition in breast- and formula-fed infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 1995. 20(1): p. 81-90.

15. Kennedy, K., et al., Double-blind, randomized trial of a synthetic triacylglycerol in formula-fed term infants: effects on stool biochemistry, stool characteristics, and bone mineralization. Am J Clin Nutr, 1999. 70(5): p. 920-7.

16. Lucas, A., et al., Randomised controlled trial of a syn-thetic triglyceride milk formula for preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 1997. 77(3): p. F178-84.

17. Carnielli, V.P., et al., Structural position and amount of palmitic acid in infant formulas: effects on fat, fatty acid, and mineral balance. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 1996. 23(5): p. 553-60.

18. Carnielli, V.P., et al., Feeding premature newborn in-fants palmitic acid in amounts and stereoisomeric posi-tion similar to that of human milk: effects on fat and mineral balance. Am J Clin Nutr, 1995. 61(5): p. 1037-42.

19. Koo, W.W., E.M. Hockman, and M. Dow, Palm olein in the fat blend of infant formulas: effect on the intestinal absorption of calcium and fat, and bone mineralization. J Am Coll Nutr, 2006. 25(2): p. 117-22.

20. Lien, E.L., et al., The effect of triglyceride positional distribution on fatty acid absorption in rats. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 1997. 25(2): p. 167-74.

www.aak.com77 www.aak.com

synthesis (10) (Figure 1). Palmitic acid es-terified at the sn-1 and 3 positions of the glycerol backbone, as is the case in most standard infant formula, was shown to be poorly absorbed and secreted into faeces as insoluble calcium soaps. This leads to loss of both fatty acids (energy) and cal-cium (12, 13) (Figure 2).

LIPASE U U

S S

Ca2+

Ca2+

S S

Figure 2 Vegetable Fat Absorption

Calcium soap formation may lead to problems with constipationFormation of calcium soaps in the gut could be associated with the considerable differ-

ences of bowel habit and stool consistency between human milk and formula-fed in-fants (14). Formula feeding is associated with constipation in both term and preterm infants which, for the latter, can lead to se-vere complications. In contrast, constipa-tion is rare in breast fed term infants, sug-gesting different handling of saturated fatty acids.

InFat – closer to human milkBy using a patented enzymatic process, InFat has been developed to resemble the unique structure of the fat in human milk. InFat is based purely on vegetable oils, but the triglyceride structure has been trans-formed to mimic human milk – leading to better fat and calcium absorption by the infant. The palmitic acid in InFat is to a large extent positioned in the second (sn-2) posi-tion on the triglyceride ß-palmitate, just as

InFat = Human Milk Ordinary Vegetable Oil

Enzymatic process

sn-1

sn-2 (ß)

sn-3

U

U

US

S

S

Figure 3 The InFat Solution

P

X

X

ß-palmitate – Triglyceride structure

InFat Benefits

Constipation is reduced, leading to softer stools and fewer stomach problemsCalcium uptake is increased, result-ing in higher body-bone massEnergy uptake is increased, which is very important for a growing baby.

References

in human milk (Figure 3). Clinical studies have shown that infants fed formula based on structured fats with a high level of pal-mitic acid in the sn-2 position have softer stools compared to infants fed standard vegetable oil formula (15). It has also been shown that the absorption of palmitic acid is improved when using structured fats, as is calcium absorption (8, 16-19). Evidently ß-palmitate leads to efficient fat absorption and avoidance of soap formation with cal-cium (20). There is also an effect on the whole-body-bone mass of the infants; it is significantly increased compared to a standard vegeta-ble oil infant formula (15). This suggests that the formula composition may affect the skeletal mineral deposition in infants.

Glycerol with palmitic fatty acid in sn-2, ß-position = ß-palmitate

8Infant Nutrition

The trendToday’s consumers are more and more concerned about the way they live. Living a healthy life is reflected in the choice of what people are eating and where their food is coming from. People wants to im-prove their well-being and to take care of the environment at the same time. Quality of life is therefore not only reflected on their own life, but also on what people see and experience around them. Organic food fits perfectly into this trend. This is the reason why AAK has developed an entire range of organic oils and formu-lated blends.

Why choose organic?The use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides is not allowed. Organic

Organic oils and infant formula blends

products therefore contribute to a sustain-able production and help to improve the environment.

QualityThe whole chain of organic products is strictly controlled. An independent part, a certifying body, supervises AAK’s suppliers of organic raw materials and the production of high quality vegetable oils at AAK itself. The organic raw materials used by AAK are carefully selected and safety aspects are constantly evaluated along the whole production chain. This enables AAK to pro-duce high quality organic oils. Based on a broad range of organic raw materials AAK has the possibility to tailor making formulations for the infant formula industry. Excellent taste and functionality

AAK Organic Range

Organic Palm oilOrganic Palm oleinOrganic Palm stearineOrganic Sunflower oilOrganic Palmkernel oilOrganic Coconut oilOrganic Rapeseed oilAkonino Organic

are essential properties of ingredients. AAK offers its technological expertise of lipids and application know-how to formulate or-ganic products together with our customers. We can also provide you with an organic Akonino blended product.

1. The Commission of the European Communities. Commission directive 2006/141/EC of 22 Decem-ber 2006 on infant formulae and amending Directive 1999/21/EC. Official Journal of the European Union. 30.12.2006:L401/1401/33.

2. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Report of the 28th Sesion of the CODEX Committee on Nutrition and Foods For Special Dietary Uses. Codex Alimentarius Commission 30 Oct- 3 Nov 2006.

3. Koletzko B, et al. Global standard for the composition of infant formula; recommendations of an ESPGHAN coordinated international expert group. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;41;584-99.

References

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Long Chain PolyUnsaturated Fatty Acids (LC PUFA)

Long Chain PolyUnsaturated Fatty Acids (LC PUFA) consist of w-3 and w-6 polyun-saturated fatty acids with a carbon chain length of 20 or more. The most commonly mentioned are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, w-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, w-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, w-6). LC PUFA can be converted from the es-sential fatty acids α-linolenic acid (ALA, w-3) and linoleic acid (LA, w-6) through en-zymatic chain elongation and desaturation, in the human body. When infants intake of LC PUFA is zero the conversion rate from the essential fatty acids to LC PUFA can be insufficient. A sign of this is that LC PUFA levels in plasma and red blood cells decline compared to intake of breast milk or supplemented infant for-mulas. According to the EU directive 2006/141[1] addition of LC PUFA is allowed in infant for-mulas.

Benefits of LC PUFABreast milk contain a certain amount of LC PUFA, but the levels do depend on the mothers diet and life-style. There are avail-able evidence which support addition of DHA and AA to infant formulas and recom-mendations have been set [1,2,3]. In the body DHA is found in high concen-trations in the brain and in the retina and both DHA and AA are active membrane components. Studies show that addition of DHA and AA to the infant formula sup-ports;

Visual development Brain development Cognitive development

Other benefits which may be influenced by supplementation of DHA and AA are;

Motor development Lower blood pressure Modulate immune response

Addition of LC PUFAAccording to EC legislation you can add LC PUFA to your infant formula under certain limitations. Together with the given recom-mendations the limits are;

The addition of DHA needs to be above 0,2 % and recommended to be below 0,5 % of the fatty acids.

The maximum level includ-ing other w-3 LC PUFA is limited to 1 %.

EPA needs to be lower than the content of DHA.

The w-6 LC PUFA content is limited to 2 % of which AA can be maximum 1 %.

The content of AA needs to be equal or higher than of the DHA.

Several studies indicate positive influence of the use of LC PUFA in the diet also for the second six months of life.

LC PUFA’s

Name Abbreviation LC PUFAChemical

compositionDocosahexaenoic acid DHA W-3 C 22:6Eicosapentaenoic acid EPA W-3 C 20:5Arachidonic acid AA W-6 C 20:4

10Infant Nutrition

Legislations and directives

There is a strong regulation, regarding in-fant formulae. As this is the only processed food satisfying the needs of a growing baby. It varies between different countries hereby illustrated by the EC regulation.

Infant formulaes for different agesInfant formulae can be dived in a number of different segments:

Starter formulae for the age of 0 to 6 months

Follow up formulae for the age of 5 to 12 months

Formulae for the age of 1 to 3 years Formulae for prematurely born Formulae for babies with metabolic

disorders

The formulae is composed in different ways in order to best suit the growing baby.

Typical compositionIllustration of the composition of different formulas:

Starter formula

Follow up formula

Fat 24 % 20 %

Protein 11 % 11 %

Carbohydrates 50 % 56 %

EC-directiveAccording to the EC directive 2006/141/EC fats for use in both starter and follow up formulas have to comply with the following points:

Fat content of reconstituted product between 1.05 and 1.4 g/100 kJ

For allergenic reason the use of sesa-me and cottonseed oil is not allowed

The sum of Lauric acid (C12) and Myristic acid (C14): maximum 20 %

Content of α-linolenic acid: minimal 12 mg/100kJ

Linoleic acid: between 70-285 mg/100 kJ

Ratio between linoleic and α-linolenic: minimal 5 and maximal 15

Trans fatty acids: maximum 3 % of total fat content

Erucic acid: maximum 1 % of total fat content

Addition of LC PUFA is allowed. w-3: maximum 1 % of total fatcontent. w-6: maximum 2 % of total fatcontent (in case of AA: maximum 1 % of total fat content). Additional limitation: amount of EPA should not exceed that of DHA. The DHA content shall not exceed that of AA.

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11 www.aak.com

ProductionSales offices

AAK – Wherever you are

The first choice for value-added vegetable oil solutionsAAK is the world’s leading manufacturer of high value-added speciality vegetable oils and fats. The many advantages of these natural and renewable raw materials create opportunities for you in the market segments of confectionery, food, infant nutrition and beauty and personal care. The advantage of our product portfolio is that it consists of natural or modified vegeta-ble oils and fats that have a low saturated fat content and contain desired properties that promote healthier lifestyles. But we don’t just sell products, we offer to-tal value-added solutions. These are compre-hensive packages of benefits like new product development, customization, market advice, delivery systems, technical support and AAK ACADEMY™. Our head office is in Malmö, Sweden, and we have production facilities in Denmark, Mexico, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Swe-den, Uruguay and USA. So no matter where you are in the world, you’re within reach of AAK, the first choice for value-added vege-table oil solutions.

For more information:

[email protected]: +46 454 82000

www.aak.com