สักทอง : วารสารมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์ (สทมส.) ปีที่ 21 ฉบับที่ 2 พฤษภาคม - สิงหาคม 2558 ISSN 2408 - 0845 17 นัยทางจริยธรรมต่อมาตรการลงโทษทางเศรษฐกิจในฐานะเครื่องมือในการดาเนินนโยบาย ต่างประเทศ The Ethical Implications of Economic Sanctions as a Foreign Policy Tool เอนกชัย เรืองรัตนากร* Anekchai Rueangrattanakorn บทคัดย่อ บทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อวิเคราะห์ถึงนัยทางจริยธรรมต่อการดาเนินมาตรการลงโทษทางเศรษฐกิจในฐานะ เครื่องมือในการดาเนินนโยบายต่างประเทศ ผ่านมุมมองจริยธรรมตามแนวคิดความมั่นคงของมนุษย์ (Human Security) ที่เห็นว่าจริยธรรมที่สาคัญที่สุดคือการรักษาไว้ซึ่งหลักปฏิบัติที่ไม่ละเมิดความมั่นคงเชิงบวกของปัจเจก บุคคล ทั้งด้านเศรษฐกิจ สังคม และการเมือง ไม่ว่าอยู่ในสถานการณ์ใดก็ตาม ผลการศึกษาพบว่า การดาเนิน มาตรการลงโทษทางเศรษฐกิจมีความไม่สอดคล้องต้องกันทางจริยธรรมของ “เหตุผลที่รัฐผู้กาหนดมาตรการ ลงโทษทางเศรษฐกิจอ้างถึง” กับ “วิธีการและผลกระทบที่เกิดขึ้น” ตลอดจนมาตรการดังกล่าวสามารถนาความ เปลี่ยนแปลงตามเป้าหมายที่กาหนดไว้ได้เพียงเล็กน้อย ในขณะเดียวกันกลับสร้างความเดือดร้อนต่อประชาชนใน รัฐเป้าหมายอย่างกว้างขวาง ดังจะเห็นได้จากมาตรการลงโทษทางเศรษฐกิจของสหประชาชาติต่ออิรัก และ มาตรการลงโทษทางเศรษฐกิจของสหรัฐอเมริกาต่อสหภาพเมียนมาร์ คาสาคัญ : มาตรการลงโทษทางเศรษฐกิจ / ความมั่นคงของมนุษย์ / จริยธรรม / พม่า / อิรัก ABSTRACT This research aimed to analyze moral implications towards the practice of economic sanctions as a tool in conducting foreign policy. Observing through the moral aspect, the study based on human security concept which encouraged that the most important morality was the upholding in the practice of non-violation of positive individual security. Also this practice should be applied in all economic, social and political fields regardless of the situations. The study found that the imposing of economic sanctions were inconsistent with the morality; the reasons claimed by the states which imposed the sanction (the sanctioner) seemed to be contradict to the means and effects. Moreover, the sanctions have achieved only the slightest aims. On the other hand, they caused difficulties towards people in the target states. The explicit cases could be seen from the United Nations economic sanction towards Iraq and the US economic sanction towards Myanmar. Keywords : economic sanctions / human security / ethic / Myanmar / Iraq *นักวิชาการอิสระ
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This research aimed to analyze moral implications towards the practice of economic sanctions as a tool in conducting foreign policy. Observing through the moral aspect, the study based on human security concept which encouraged that the most important morality was the upholding in the practice of non-violation of positive individual security. Also this practice should be applied in all economic, social and political fields regardless of the situations. The study found that the imposing of economic sanctions were inconsistent with the morality; the reasons claimed by the states which imposed the sanction (the sanctioner) seemed to be contradict to the means and effects. Moreover, the sanctions have achieved only the slightest aims. On the other hand, they caused difficulties towards people in the target states. The explicit cases could be seen from the United Nations economic sanction towards Iraq and the US economic sanction towards Myanmar.
This research aimed to analyze moral implications towards the practice of economic sanctions as a tool in conducting foreign policy. Observing through the moral aspect, the study based on human security concept which encouraged that the most important morality was the upholding in the practice of non-violation of positive individual security. Also this practice should be applied in all economic, social and political fields regardless of the situations. The study found that the imposing of economic sanctions were inconsistent with the morality; the reasons claimed by the states which imposed the sanction (the sanctioner) seemed to be contradict to the means and effects. Moreover, the sanctions have achieved only the slightest aims. On the other hand, they caused difficulties towards people in the target states. The explicit cases could be seen from the United Nations economic sanction towards Iraq and the US economic sanction towards Myanmar.
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