Jaijakul S, Nuchprayoon S. Treatment of Lymphatic filariasis: An update. Chula Med J 2005 Jul; 49(7): 401 - 21 Lymphatic filariasis mainly caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi is considered to be a major public health problem in the tropics and subtropics, including Thailand. The WHO set a goal to eliminate lymphatic filariasis by the year 2020. The program to get rid of this disease has also been launched in Thailand for 5 years. Recently, the control program which is recommended by the WHO is a strategy of repeated single annual dose of 6 mg/kg of DEC in order to destroy microfilariae and adult worms. Because DEC has partial macrofilaricidal effect and there are side effects from using DEC, other drugs such as ivermectin and albendazole have been developed so as to improve compliance and increase effectiveness of treatment. Moreover, the symbiosis of filarial nematodes and intracellular Wolbachia bacteria has recently been exploited as a new target for treatment of filariasis. Therefore, antibiotics such as tetracyclines and rifampicin have been used to combine with DEC in order to increase effects and suppress side effects of DEC. Keyword : Lymphatic filariasis. Reprint request : Nuchprayoon S. Lymphatic Filariasis Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Received for publication. April 20, 2005. บทฟื้นฟูวิชาการ การรักษาโรคเท้าช้างในปัจจุบัน ศิรญา ไชยะกุล* สุรางค์ นุชประยูร* * ภาควิชาปรสิตวิทยา คณะแพทยศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย วัตถุประสงค์ : เพื่อให้ผู้อ่านได้มีความรู้ความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับโรคเท้าช้าง และแนวทางการรักษาในปัจจุบันรวม ถึงแนวทางการรักษาใหม่ที่กำลังมีการศึกษาค้นคว้า พัฒนาและปรับปรุง เพื่อนำมาใช้ต่อไปในอนาคต Chula Med J Vol. 49 No. 7 July 2005
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Jaijakul S, Nuchprayoon S. Treatment of Lymphatic filariasis: An update. Chula Med J2005 Jul; 49(7): 401 - 21
Lymphatic filariasis mainly caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi isconsidered to be a major public health problem in the tropics and subtropics, including Thailand.The WHO set a goal to eliminate lymphatic filariasis by the year 2020. The program to get rid ofthis disease has also been launched in Thailand for 5 years. Recently, the control programwhich is recommended by the WHO is a strategy of repeated single annual dose of 6 mg/kg ofDEC in order to destroy microfilariae and adult worms. Because DEC has partial macrofilaricidaleffect and there are side effects from using DEC, other drugs such as ivermectin and albendazolehave been developed so as to improve compliance and increase effectiveness of treatment.Moreover, the symbiosis of filarial nematodes and intracellular Wolbachia bacteria has recentlybeen exploited as a new target for treatment of filariasis. Therefore, antibiotics such astetracyclines and rifampicin have been used to combine with DEC in order to increase effectsand suppress side effects of DEC.
Keyword : Lymphatic filariasis.
Reprint request : Nuchprayoon S. Lymphatic Filariasis Research Unit, Department ofParasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University,Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
แนนอนตอตวพยาธ แตเชอวาการทำงานของ DEC อาจเกยวเนองกบการกระตนระบบภมคมกนของรางกายชนดทมมาแตกำเนด (innate immunity) ในอดตเชอวา DECไมมผลตอหนอนพยาธ in vitro แตปจจบนมการศกษาถงโครงสรางระดบ Ultrastructure โดยอาศยกลองจลทรรศนอเลกตรอนพบวายา DEC นทำใหปลอกหมของตวออนระยะไมโครฟลาเรยของ W. bancrofti เกดการหลดลอกออก จงทำใหเกดการแสดงออกของแอนตเจนของหนอนพยาธมากระตนระบบภมคมกนของรางกายมาทำลายเชอโดยทำใหเกดการเกาะตดกนของเซลล (cellular adherence)ระหวางไมโครฟลาเรยกบ endothelial cells และเซลลเมดเลอดขาว กระตนระบบคอมพลเมนท ทำใหเกดการเปลยนแปลงของ arachidonic acid metabolism รวมถงกอใหเกดการทำลายของสวนประกอบตาง ๆ ภายในเซลล
412 ศรญา ไชยะกล และ สรางค นชประยร Chula Med J
ของไมโครฟลาเรยทง in vitro และ in vivo(27 - 29) นอกจากนยงมการศกษาผลของยา DEC ในตวออนระยะท 3 ซงเปนระยะตดตอของหนอนพยาธโรคเทาชางพบวายามผลตอโครงสรางของตวออนในระยะนเชนกน โดยจะพบการเปลยนแปลงของระบบประสาทและกลามเนอของหนอนพยาธ ทำใหมการเคลอนไหวลดลง(30)
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