Page 1
°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«
(Trichoderma harzianum Rifai) ¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“
(Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel.)
æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬1 « —π≥å ‡æ™√√—µπå
2 ‡ ¡Õ„® ™◊Ë𮑵µå
3 ·≈– ®√— »√’ π«≈»√’
4
AbstractManeechai, P.1, Petcharat, V.2, Chuenchit, S.2 and Nualsri, C.3
Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease (Trichodermaharzianum Rifai) of Grey Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel.)Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2005, 27(1) : 25-37
A total of 174 strains of bacteria antagonistic against the green mold (Trichoderma harzianum), iso-
lated from cultivating bags and fruiting bodies of the mushrooms, were screened for effects on mushroom
mycelia and ability to control the green mold disease. Twenty-eight of them promoted the primodia formation
of the Pleurotus pulmonarius mycelia on agar plates. Twenty-two isolates were selected and further tested
in a mushroom house. Cell suspension of each isolate was prepared and sprayed onto the spawn surface of
1Faculty of Agriculture Nakhon Si Thammarat, Rajamangala Institute of Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat
Campus, Thong Yai, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80240 Thailand. 2Department of Pest Management, 3Department
of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112
Thailand.
1«∑.¡.(‚√§æ◊™«‘∑¬“), §≥–‡°…µ√»“ µ√åπ§√»√’∏√√¡√“™ ∂“∫—π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’√“™¡ß§≈ Õ”‡¿Õ∑ÿàß„À≠à ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™
80240 2Ph.D.(Plant Pathology), √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å
3«∑.¡.(‡°…µ√»“ µ√å), ºŸâ™à«¬»“ µ√“®“√¬å, ¿“§«‘™“°“√®—¥°“√»—µ√Ÿæ◊™
4Ph.D.
(Agronomy), ºŸâ™à«¬»“ µ√“®“√¬å, ¿“§«‘™“æ◊™»“ µ√å §≥–∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å Õ”‡¿ÕÀ“¥„À≠à
®—ßÀ«—¥ ߢ≈“ 90112
Corresponding e-mail: [email protected]
√—∫µâπ©∫—∫ 29 ‡¡…“¬π 2547 √—∫≈ßæ‘¡æå 5 ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2547
π‘æπ∏åµâπ©∫—∫
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Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol.27 No.1 Jan. - Feb. 2005 26
Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease
Maneechai, P., et al.
P. pulmonarius. Fifteen isolates shortened the times required from watering to 2nd and 3rd flushing and
increased yield of the basidiocarps by 1.1-34.3% over 30 days.
Six isolates of bacteria which showed an inhibitory effect against T. harzianum, enhanced primordia
formation and increased yield of P. pulmonarius were selected and used for control testing in a cultivation
house. The suspension of each isolate was sprayed onto the spawn surface immediately after exposure to the
air in the mushroom house, followed by spore suspension of T. harzianum two days later. The number of
infected bags was counted at 30 days after inoculation and the cumulative yield was compared after 60 days.
The results showed that bacteria isolate B012-022 was highly effective in suppressing the green mold disease.
Only 6.7% of the cultivating bags were found to be infected by T. harzianum when bacteria isolate B012-022
was applied. Cumulative yield obtained from 900 g of 94% sawdust + 5% rice bran + 1% Ca(OH)2 was
300.0 g/bag after 60 days, 71.1% higher than the bags infected by the green mold and without bacterial
spraying. Identification of the six bacterial isolates showed all to be Bacillus spp.
Key words : biological control, Trichoderma, antagonistic bacteria, Pleurotus
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ « —π≥å ‡æ™√√—µπå ‡ ¡Õ„® ™◊Ë𮑵µå ·≈– ®√— »√’ π«≈»√’
°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬« (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai)
¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ (Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel.)
«. ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. 2548 27(1) : 25-37
‰¥â∑”°“√·¬°·≈–§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ˇªìπªØ‘ªí°…å°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ®“°°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥·≈–¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥
®”π«π 174 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ 𔇙◊ÈÕ‰ª»÷°…“ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ (P. pulmonarius) „π®“πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭß
‡™◊ÈÕ æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å®”π«π 28 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√°√–µÿâπ„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‰¥â
∑”°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åπ’È®”π«π 22 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ‰ª∑¥ Õ∫„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ ‚¥¬°“√π”‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬
‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å¢Õß·µà≈–‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ©’¥æàπ∫√‘‡«≥ª“°∂ÿß°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ æ∫«à“ 15 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑”„Àâ√–¬–
‡«≈“¢Õß°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥√ÿàπ∑’Ë 2 ·≈– 3 ‡√Á«¢÷Èπ ·≈–∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ 1.1-34.3% „π™à«ß‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ« 30
«—π
π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ®”π«π 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“楒„π°“√¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum à߇ √‘¡„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥
√â“ߥհ¡“° ·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡º≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“„À⠟ߢ÷È𠉪„™â„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‚√߇√◊Õπ ‚¥¬∑”°“√©’¥æàπ
‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å¢Õß·µà≈–‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ≈ß∫π‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥∫√‘‡«≥ª“°∂ÿß°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“À≈—ß
®“°‡ªî¥ª“°∂ÿß À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ 2 «—π ©’¥æàπ ªÕ√å·¢«π≈Õ¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ≈ß∫π‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥‡°‘¥
‚√§ µ√«®π—∫°“√‡°‘¥‚√§¢Õß∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥„π‡«≈“ 30 «—πÀ≈—ß°“√ª≈Ÿ°‡™◊ÈÕ ·≈–‡°Á∫º≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥„π™à«ß‡«≈“ 60 «—π º≈
°“√∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«§◊Õ ∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥
‡°‘¥‚√§‡æ’¬ß 6.7% °“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫º≈º≈‘µ
‡©≈’ˬ 300.0 °√—¡/∂ÿß ‡¡◊ËՇ擖¥â«¬¢’ȇ≈◊ËÕ¬ 94% º ¡√”≈–‡Õ’¬¥ 5% ·≈–ªŸπ¢“« 1% ª√‘¡“≥ 900 °√—¡ „π™à«ß
‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ« 60 «—π ´÷Ëß Ÿß°«à“∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‚√§∑’ˉ¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ 71.1% ®“°°“√®”·π°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑—Èß 6
‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ æ∫«à“‡ªìπ Bacillus spp. ∑—Èß 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑
‚√§√“‡¢’¬« (green mold disease) ¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥‡°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ√“ Trichoderma spp. ∑”§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬„Àâ°—∫‡ÀÁ¥™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡™◊ÈÕ√“
Trichoderma spp. ‡®√‘≠‰¥âÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«·≈– √â“ß ªÕ√åª√‘¡“≥¡“°∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√√–∫“¥Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« √“‡¢’¬«∑’Ë ”§—≠§◊Õ T. harzianum ‡ªìπ√“∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â∑—Ë«‰ª„π«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–
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«. ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡.§. - °.æ. 2548°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«
æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ ·≈–§≥–27
‡ÀÁ¥ ªÿܬÀ¡—° ·≈–¥‘π∑’Ë„™âªî¥º‘«Àπâ“ (casing) °Õ߇ÀÁ¥‡™◊ÈÕ√“‡¢’¬«‡¢â“∑”≈“¬«— ¥ÿ„π∂ÿ߇擖‡ÀÁ¥·≈–°√–∫–‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ ‚¥¬≈—°…≥–‡√‘Ë¡·√°‡ÀÁπ‡ªìπ‡ âπ„¬ ’¢“« µàÕ¡“ √â“ß ªÕ√å ’‡¢’¬«·≈–‡®√‘≠≈ÿ°≈“¡ª°§≈ÿ¡«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«‡ âπ„¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‡¢â“‡°“–°‘π‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥æ√âÕ¡∑—Èß √â“߇Õπ‰´¡å¬àÕ¡ ≈“¬‡ âπ„¬ àߺ≈„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥‰¡à “¡“√∂ÕÕ°¥Õ°‰¥â (Beyer et al., 2001)
°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß‚√§√“‡¢’¬«‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ§√—Èß·√°„πª√–‡∑»‰Õ√å·≈π¥å ·≈–ª√–‡∑»„π·∂∫∑«’ªÕ‡¡√‘°“‡Àπ◊Õ (Sinden
and Hauser, 1953) ·≈–„πªï §.».1985 æ∫«à“‡°‘¥°“√√–∫“¥¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. koningii °—∫‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡ (Agaricus
bisporus) ‚¥¬∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥¡’Õ“°“√‡πà“ ‡™◊ÈÕ T. koningii π’ȇªìπ‡™◊ÈÕ∑’˵‘¥¡“°—∫«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ (Staunton, 1987) À≈—ß®“°π’Èæ∫«à“„πªï §.». 1996 ‡°‘¥°“√√–∫“¥„πª√–‡∑»‡π‡∏Õ√å·≈π¥å·≈–‡¬Õ√¡—π (Sharma et al., 1999) ·≈–°“√√–∫“¥„πª√–‡∑» °Õµ·≈π¥å·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ… ∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬°—∫Õÿµ “À°√√¡°“√‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡§‘¥‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈§à“ª√–¡“≥ 30 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å (Seaby, 1998) „π√—∞‡æπ´‘≈«“‡π’¬ª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“°Á‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π ¡’√“¬ß“π«à“„πªï §.».1995-1997 ‡™◊ÈÕ√“‡¢’¬« T. harzianum
∑’Ë√–∫“¥∑”§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬„Àâ°—∫‡ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum
biotype Th2 ·≈– Th4 (Ospina-Giraldo et al., 1999;
Castle et al., 1998; Seaby, 1998)
„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬æ∫«à“√“‡¢’¬«√–∫“¥∑”§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬„Àâ°—∫‡ÀÁ¥∑’ˇ擖‡≈’Ȭß∑ÿ°™π‘¥ ∑—Èß∑’ˇ擖„π∂ÿßæ≈“ µ‘°‡æ“–°≈“ß·®âß·≈–‡æ“–„π‚√߇√◊Õπ √“‡¢’¬«∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â·°àT. harzianum, T. harmatum, T. aureoviride ·≈– T.
virens (Gliocladium virens) (ª√–‰æ»√’, 2542) „πªï2544 æ∫°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß√“‡¢’¬«„π®—ßÀ«—¥ ߢ≈“ ∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥∑’ˇ擖„π∂ÿßæ≈“ µ‘°≈¥≈ß¡“°°«à“ 70% (°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√, 2544)
„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¬—߉¡à¡’«‘∏’°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«Õ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ «‘∏’°“√ à«π„À≠à„™â«‘∏’°”®—¥·À≈à߇擖‡™◊ÈÕ·≈–∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥Õÿª°√≥åµà“ßÊ ”À√—∫‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ °“√ªÑÕß°—π°”®—¥√“‡¢’¬«‚¥¬„™â “√‡§¡’¢≥–‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥∑”‰¥â¬“°‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’æ‘…µàÕ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥·≈–¡’ªí≠À“‡√◊ËÕßæ‘…µ°§â“߇°…µ√°√∫“ß√“¬À“«‘∏’®”°—¥‚√§¥â«¬µπ‡Õß ‡™àπ °“√„™â®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å EM ©’¥æàπ∂ÿß°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥ °“√„™âªÿܬÀ¡—°
™’«¿“æ√¥°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥ ´÷Ëß«‘∏’°“√µà“ßÊ ‡À≈à“π’È ‡°…µ√°√∫“ß√“¬‡™◊ËÕ«à“≈¥°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß‚√§√“‡¢’¬«‰¥â
°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«‚¥¬„™â‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…凪ìπÕ’°«‘∏’Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë°”≈—߉¥â√—∫§«“¡ π„® ‚¥¬ Romaine ·≈–§≥– (1996) √“¬ß“π«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Bacillus sp. ∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„π·ª≈߇擖‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢ÕßTrichoderma sp. “‡Àµÿ‚√§√“‡¢’¬«‰¥â Singh ·≈–Singh (2001) »÷°…“·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë·¬°‰¥â®“°«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡ æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ˇ√◊Õß· ߉¥â fluorescent
Pseudomonas ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ Cllb ·≈– Cvla “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡ª√‘¡“≥‡™◊ÈÕ Trichoderma spp. ‰¥â
«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧå¢Õß°“√«‘®—¬‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥⇙◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë¡’º≈¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum
÷́Ë ß‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ (Pleurotus
pulmonarius)
«— ¥ÿ Õÿª°√≥å ·≈–«‘∏’°“√
1. ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥
‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“∑’Ë„™â∑¥≈Õß·¬°®“°¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ “¬æ—π∏ÿå∑’ˇ擖ª≈Ÿ°‡ªìπ°“√§â“ ‚¥¬«‘∏’‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߇π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ∫πÕ“À“√«ÿâπ æ’¥’‡Õ ·≈–‡°Á∫√—°…“‰«â„πµŸâ‡¬ÁπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–¡“≥ 10ºC ‡¡◊ËÕ®–∑”°“√∑¥≈Õß®÷߬⓬≈ß∫πÕ“À“√«ÿâπ æ’¥’‡Õ ‡≈’Ȭ߉«â∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß (28-32ºC) ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 5
«—π
2. ‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum
‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ·¬°®“°∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“∑’ˇªìπ‚√§√“‡¢’¬« ‚¥¬‡°Á∫¡“®“°ø“√塇ÀÁ¥∫â“π∑à“À√—Ëß Õ”‡¿Õ§≈ÕßÀÕ¬‚¢àß ®—ßÀ«—¥ ߢ≈“ π”¡“·¬°‡™◊ÈÕ‚¥¬«‘∏’ dilution
pour plate ·≈â«®÷ß·¬°‚§‚≈𒇥’ˬ«≈߇≈’Ȭ߉«â∫πÕ“À“√«ÿâπæ’¥’‡Õ ‡°Á∫√—°…“‰«â„πµŸâ‡¬ÁπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–¡“≥ 10ºC ‡¡◊ËÕ®–π”¡“∑¥≈Õß®÷߬⓬≈߇≈’Ȭß∫πÕ“À“√æ’¥’‡Õ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 2 «—π
3. ‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å
‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å·¬°®“°·À≈àßµà“ßÊ 4 ·À≈àߧ◊Õ ®“°∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’ˇªìπ‚√§√“‡¢’¬« ∂ÿ߇擖‡ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ·≈–¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥º‘¥ª°µ‘ ‚¥¬µ—°«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥®“°°âÕπ
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Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol.27 No.1 Jan. - Feb. 2005 28
Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease
Maneechai, P., et al.
‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥À√◊ÕÀ¡«°‡ÀÁ¥πÈ”Àπ—° 1 °√—¡ „ à„πÀ≈Õ¥πÈ”°≈—Ëπ∑’Ë¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ·≈â« 9 ¡≈. ∫¥«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–À√◊Õ‡ÀÁ¥¥â«¬·∑àß·°â«‡¢¬à“„À⇢⓰—πª√–¡“≥ 15 π“∑’ ®÷ß„™â‡¢Á¡‡¢’ˬµ—¥‚§‚≈𒇙◊ÈÕ√“ T. harzianum ∑’Ë √â“ß ªÕ√å·≈â«¢π“¥ª√–¡“≥0.5×0.5 µ√.´¡. „ à≈߉ª„πÀ≈Õ¥‡¥’¬«°—π ‡¢¬à“„À⇢⓰—πÕ’°§√—Èߪ√–¡“≥ 1 π“∑’ µ—Èß∑‘È߉«â„À⇻…«— ¥ÿµà“ßÊ µ°µ–°Õπ ®÷ß„™â‰ª‡ªµ¥Ÿ¥‡Õ“ “√≈–≈“¬¥â“π∫π‰ª∑”„À⇮◊Õ®“ß(serial dilution) 10-2 - 10-6 π” “√≈–≈“¬∑’ˉ¥â‰ª‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭß∫πÕ“À“√æ’¥’‡Õ ∫à¡∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 2-5 «—π®–ª√“°Ø‚§‚≈π’¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ·≈–·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡®√‘≠ª–ªπ°—πÕ¬Ÿà„π®“π‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ ‡≈◊Õ°‡°Á∫‡©æ“–·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¡’«ß„ (clear zone) ≈âÕ¡√Õ∫ «ß„ π’ȇ°‘¥‡π◊ËÕß®“°·∫§∑’‡√’¬µ—«π—Èπ √â“ß “√∑’Ë “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ®÷ß∑”„Àâ T. harzianum
‰¡à “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‡¢â“„°≈₧‚≈π’¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬‰¥â ∑”°“√π—∫®”π«π‚§‚≈π’·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¡’«ß„ ·≈–¬â“¬≈߇≈’Ȭß∫πÕ“À“√nutrient agar slant (NA slant) „πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õ߇æ◊ËÕ‡°Á∫‰«â»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª
4. °“√∑¥ Õ∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬µàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠·≈–°“√ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°
¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“
π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ˇªìπªØ‘ªí°…åµàÕ‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum
∑’˧—¥‡≈◊Õ°‰¥â ¡“∑”°“√∑¥ Õ∫°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥ ‚¥¬«‘∏’ dual
culture ∫πÕ“À“√ PDA ‚¥¬„™â cork borer ¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß 0.5 ́ ¡.‡®“–‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ 𔉪«“ß„πÕ“À“√ PDA „ÀâÀà“ß®“°¢Õ∫®“πÕ“À“√‡≈’È¬ß 1 ´¡. ‡≈’Ȭ߉«âª√–¡“≥ 2 «—π À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ¢’¥‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’ˇ≈’Ȭ߉«â∫πÕ“À“√ NA slant Õ“¬ÿ 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ‡ªìπ·π«¬“«∫√‘‡«≥¢Õ∫Õ’°¥â“πÀπ÷ËߢÕß®“πÕ“À“√ —߇°µªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ —¡æ—π∏å ∫—π∑÷°°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥ ·≈–°“√ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“
5. ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ T.
harzianum ¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’Ë
°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°
π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë»÷°…“‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ·≈â«æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ·≈– “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ° ¡“»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
„π°“√¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum „π®“π∑¥≈ÕßÕ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß‚¥¬„™â«‘∏’ dual culture ‚¥¬„™â cork borer ¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß 0.5 ´¡. ‡®“–∫√‘‡«≥¢Õ∫‚§‚≈π’¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕT. harzianum «“ß∫πÕ“À“√ PDA „ÀâÀà“ß®“°¢Õ∫ 1 ´¡.À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ 1 «—π ∑”°“√¢’¥‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’ˇ≈’Ȭ߉«â∫πÕ“À“√ NA slant Õ“¬ÿ 24 ™¡. ‡ªìπ·π«¬“«∫√‘‡«≥Õ’°¥â“πÀπ÷ËߢÕß®“πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ π”‰ª∫ࡉ«â∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß ‡≈◊Õ°‡°Á∫‡©æ“–·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“楒„π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪„™â∑¥≈ÕßµàÕ‰ª
6. °“√∑¥ Õ∫‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åµàÕ°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õß
‡ÀÁ¥„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥
6.1 °“√‡µ√’¬¡‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å
‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’ˉ¥â®“°¢âÕ 5 ∫πÕ“À“√ NA slant ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 25ºC ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 48 ™¡.‡∑πÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ„ àÀ≈Õ¥Õ“À“√ ª√‘¡“µ√ 10 ¡≈. „™â·∑àß·°â«¢Ÿ¥º‘«Àπâ“Õ“À“√‡∫“Ê π—∫®”π«π‡´≈≈å·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‚¥¬„™â haemacytometer ª√—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢ÕßπÈ”≈–≈“¬‡™◊ÈÕ„Àâ¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπª√–¡“≥ 1×106 ‡´≈≈å/¡≈.·≈â«®÷߇∑πÈ”≈–≈“¬‡™◊ÈÕ≈ß„π∫’°‡°Õ√å
6.2 °“√‡µ√’¬¡°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥º ¡¢’ȇ≈◊ËÕ¬ 94% + √” 5% + ªŸπ¢“« 1% ·≈–
ª√—∫ à«πº ¡„Àâ¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ 65% ∫√√®ÿ≈ß∂ÿß√âÕπ¢π“¥6×14 π‘È« πÈ”Àπ—° 900 °√—¡ „ à§Õ¢«¥æ≈“ µ‘° ªî¥¥â«¬®ÿ° ”≈’·≈–°√–¥“… π÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 120ºC §«“¡¥—π15 ªÕπ¥å/µ√.π‘È« ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 2 ™¡. ‡¡◊ËÕ«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–‡¬Áπ®÷߇∑À—«‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥∑’ˇµ√’¬¡‰«â∫π‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«øÉ“ß∂ÿß≈– 15-20 ‡¡≈Á¥ªî¥®ÿ° ”≈’Õ¬à“߇¥‘¡ ∫ࡉ«â‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 30 «—π ´÷Ë߇ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥®–‡®√‘≠‡°◊Õ∫‡µÁ¡∂ÿß ®÷ß𔉪∑¥ Õ∫„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡ªî¥¥Õ°
6.3 °“√∑¥ Õ∫π”‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë
§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‰«â ‰ª©’¥æàπ∫π∂ÿß°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥ ‚¥¬©’¥æàπ‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∫√‘‡«≥ª“°∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥ª√‘¡“µ√ 3 ¡≈./1 ∂ÿß ™π‘¥≈– 10 ∂ÿß ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫©’¥æàπ¥â«¬πÈ”°≈—Ëπ(control) ∫—π∑÷°√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° ®”π«π¥Õ°·≈–πÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥„π™à«ß‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ« 30 «—πÀ≈—ß®“°©’¥æàπ‡™◊ÈÕ
Page 5
«. ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡.§. - °.æ. 2548°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«
æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ ·≈–§≥–29
§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‡©æ“–·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë∑”„Àâ√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥‡√Á« ®”π«π¥Õ°¡“° ·≈–‰¥âπÈ”Àπ—°¡“° ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â„π°“√∑¥≈Õߢ—ÈπµàÕ‰ª
7. °“√∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°“√
§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‚√߇√◊Õπ
7.1 °“√‡µ√’¬¡ ªÕ√å·¢«π≈Õ¬¢Õ߇™◊È Õ T.
harzianum
‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ∫πÕ“À“√ PDA ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 7 «—π ∫ࡉ«â∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß (26-32ºC) ‡∑πÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ„ ஓπÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ „™â·∑àß·°â«∑’Ë¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ¢Ÿ¥º‘«Àπâ“Õ“À“√‡∫“Ê ‚¥¬„™âπÈ”°≈—Ëπª√‘¡“µ√ 25 ¡≈. µàÕ®“πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ√“ 4 ®“π ‡∑ ªÕ√å·¢«π≈Õ¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ√“≈ß„π∫’°‡°Õ√å ∑”°“√ª√—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß ªÕ√å·¢«π≈Õ¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ„Àâ¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ ª√–¡“≥ 1×106 ªÕ√å/¡≈. ‚¥¬„™â haemacytometer
7.2 °“√‡µ√’¬¡‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å·≈–°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥
∑”°“√∑¥≈Õߥ⫬«‘∏’‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫¢âÕ 6.1 ·≈–6.2
7.3 °“√∑¥≈Õßπ”·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’˧—¥‡≈◊Õ°·≈â««à“ àߺ≈„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°
¥Õ°¥’ ·≈–„ÀâπÈ”Àπ—°¡“° ®“°¢âÕ 6 ®”π«π 6 “¬æ—π∏ÿ剪∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ ‚¥¬«“ß·ºπ°“√∑¥≈Õß·∫∫ Random-
ized Complete Block Design (RCB) ®”π«π 8 ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß ∑” 3 ́ È” ·µà≈– È́”ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥®”π«π10 ∂ÿß √«¡ 240 ∂ÿß ‚¥¬·∫à߇ªìπ™ÿ¥¥—ßπ’È
1. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B004-013 +
T. harzianum
2. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B006-017 +
T. harzianum
3. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-021 +
T. harzianum
4. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 +
T. harzianum
5. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-034 +
T. harzianum
6. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-054 +
T. harzianum
7. T. harzianum (control)
8. πÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ (check)
°“√∑¥≈Õß∑”‚¥¬©’¥æàπ‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ªØ‘ªí°…å∫√‘‡«≥ª“°∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥ ª√‘¡“µ√ 3 ¡≈./1 ∂ÿßÀ≈—ß®“°π—Èπ 2 «—π ®÷ß©’¥æàπ¥â«¬ ªÕ√å·¢«π≈Õ¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕT. harzianum ª√‘¡“µ√ 3 ¡≈./1 ∂ÿß ∫—π∑÷°Õ—µ√“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§„π√–¬–‡«≈“ 30 «—π À≈—ߪ≈Ÿ°‡™◊ÈÕ ∫—π∑÷°√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° ®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥ ·≈–πÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡∑’Ë©’¥æàπ‡©æ“– ªÕ√å T. harzianum
·≈–©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ „π™à«ß‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«‡«≈“ 60 «—π
º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß
1. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å
®“°°“√·¬°‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ˇªìπªØ‘ªí°…å°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ T.
harzianum ®“°·À≈àßµà“ßÊ §◊Õ ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‚√§ ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ·≈–¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥º‘¥ª°µ‘ æ∫«à“¡’·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ª√–¡“≥ 65.5% ¢Õߪ√–™“°√·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ˇ®√‘≠∫π®“π‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‰¥â∑”°“√·¬°‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬‰«â®”π«π 174 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ”À√—∫»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª
2. º≈¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åµàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠·≈–°“√
√â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“
®“°°“√∑¥ Õ∫ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“߇ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥°—∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å®”π«π 174 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ “¡“√∂·∫à߇ªìπ 5 ·∫∫ µ“¡≈—°…≥–°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õ߇ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥¥—ßπ’È
·∫∫∑’Ë 1 ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥™–ß—°°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‡¡◊ËÕæ∫°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¢’¥‰«â ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥®–‰¡à‡®√‘≠‡¢â“‰ª„°≈â·∫§∑’‡√’¬ √«¡·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°≈ÿà¡π’È ®”π«π 12
‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ §‘¥‡ªìπ 6.9%
·∫∫∑’Ë 2 ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥¡’ ’¢“« Àπ“øŸµ√ßµ”·Àπàß∑’Ë —¡º— °—∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ·µà‰¡à¡’°“√‡®√‘≠¢â“¡ºà“π·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¢’¥‰«â‰¥â √«¡·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°≈ÿà¡π’ȇªìπ®”π«π 22
‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ §‘¥‡ªìπ 12.5%
·∫∫∑’Ë 3 ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥∫√‘‡«≥ —¡º— °—∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬®–
Page 6
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol.27 No.1 Jan. - Feb. 2005 30
Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease
Maneechai, P., et al.
¡’ ’¢“« ‡ âπ„¬®–Àπ“·≈–øŸ¢÷Èπ ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡®√‘≠¢â“¡ºà“π·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¢’¥‰«â ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥∑’ˇ®√‘≠¢â“¡ºà“π‰ª‰¥âπ—Èπ®–¡’≈—°…≥–Àπ“·≈–øŸ¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ ¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬ ”≈’ √«¡®”π«π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°≈ÿà¡π’È 83 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ §‘¥‡ªìπ 47.8%
πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßæ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬„π°≈ÿà¡π’È®”π«π 20 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‰¥â „π√–¬–‡«≈“ 25-30
«—π ‰¥â·°à ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ “¬æ—π∏ÿå B003-043, B003-052,
B004-011, B004-013, B004-015, B004-024, B004-
027, B004-0315, B004-043, B004-047, B004-049,
B005-013, B006-017, B006-018, B010-041, B010-
047, B012-021, B012-022, B012-034 ·≈– B012-054
·∫∫∑’Ë 4 ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡®√‘≠¢â“¡·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¢’¥‰«â‰¥â‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥∫√‘‡«≥ —¡º— °—∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬®–Àπ“·≈–‡¢â¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π ‡ âπ„¬ à«π∑’ˇ®√‘≠¢â“¡‰ª‰¥â ®–‡ªìπ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥∏√√¡¥“ ‰¡à¡’≈—°…≥–øŸ À√◊ÕÀπ“¢÷Èπ √«¡®”π«π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°≈ÿà¡π’È 30 “¬æ—π∏ÿå §‘¥‡ªìπ 17.2%
·∫§∑’‡√’¬„π°≈ÿà¡π’È®”π«π 7 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‰¥â ´÷Ë߉¥â·°à ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ “¬æ—π∏ÿå B003-
013, B003-015, B003-034, B004-041, B004-042,
B004-0411 ·≈– B012-055
·∫∫∑’Ë 5 ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡®√‘≠¢â“¡ºà“π·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¢’¥‰«â‰¥â ·≈–‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥∫√‘‡«≥ —¡º— °—∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬¡’ ’‡¢â¡Àπ“·≈–øŸ¢÷Èπ ∫√‘‡«≥‡ âπ„¬∑’ˇ®√‘≠¢â“¡ºà“π¡’≈—°…≥– ’§àÕπ¢â“߇À≈◊Õß √«¡®”π«π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°≈ÿà¡π’È 27 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑§‘¥‡ªìπ 15.5% ¡’ 1 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’Ë “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‰¥â §◊Õ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ “¬æ—π∏ÿå B004-029
3. §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ Trichoderma ¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ
·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁπ“ßøÑ“ √â“ß
µÿà¡¥Õ°
π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ·≈–°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°®”π«π 28 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ¡“∑¥≈Õß°—∫°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T.
harzianum Õ’°§√—Èß æ∫«à“¡’‡æ’¬ß 22 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’ˬ—ß¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‰¥â¥’‚¥¬°“√ √â“ß “√ªØ‘™’«π– ∑”„Àâª≈“¬‡ âπ„¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ√“∑’Ë —¡º— °—∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬· ¥ßÕ“°“√º‘¥ª°µ‘‰ª àߺ≈„À⇙◊ÈÕ√“‰¡à “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠µàÕ‰ª‰¥â à«πÕ’° 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ¡’
§«“¡ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‰¥âπâÕ¬¡“° ®÷ߧ—¥‡≈◊Õ°‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ®”π«π22 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ‰«â»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª
4. °“√∑¥ Õ∫‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åµàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠¥Õ°
‡ÀÁ¥„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥
º≈¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å®”π«π 22 “¬æ—π∏ÿå µàÕ√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° ®”π«π¥Õ° ·≈–πÈ”Àπ—°¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√∑¥≈Õß©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬≈ß∫π°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å (control) ‰¥âº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß (Table 1) ¥—ßπ’È
4.1 √–¬–‡«≈“∑’Ë„Àâº≈º≈‘µ„π·µà≈–√ÿàπ ·≈–®”π«π∂ÿß∑’ËÕÕ°¥Õ°
„π™à«ß‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ« 30 «—π ‡ÀÁ¥„π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1 ÕÕ°¥Õ°À¡¥∑ÿ°∂ÿß ‚¥¬√–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1 Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß 4.8-8.4 «—π „π¢≥–∑’Ë°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° 4.9 «—π„π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 2 ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°À¡¥∑ÿ°∂ÿß ¬°‡«âπ∂ÿß∑’Ë©’¥¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B004-035 ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡æ’¬ß 8
∂ÿß ·≈– “¬æ—π∏ÿå B003-043 ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡æ’¬ß 9 ∂ÿß √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° √ÿàπ∑’Ë 2 Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 13.2-20.6 «—π à«π°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° 17.0 «—π à«π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 3 °“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥‰¡à§√∫∑ÿ°∂ÿß ®”π«π∂ÿß∑’ËÕÕ°„π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 3 ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ÕÕ°¥Õ°®”π«π 9 ∂ÿß ®“° 10 ∂ÿß ‡¡◊ËÕ©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-034 √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ 7 ∂ÿß ‡¡◊ËÕ©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ·≈–B004-035 √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°„π√ÿàππ’ÈÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 23.7-29.5 «—π à«π°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å√–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° 28.3 «—π ·≈–√ÿàπ∑’Ë 3 ¡’°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡æ’¬ß 2 ∂ÿß
4.2 ®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬ„π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1 Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 4.7-
8.1 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å æ∫«à“ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ 6.1 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß √ÿàπ∑’Ë 2 ®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬլŸà„π™à«ß 2.5-7.4 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß „π¢≥–°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ‡æ’¬ß 2.3 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß·≈–√ÿàπ∑’Ë 3 ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‰¡à§√∫∑ÿ°∂ÿß ®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥
Page 7
«. ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡.§. - °.æ. 2548°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«
æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ ·≈–§≥–31
Tab
le 1
.A
ver
age
yie
ld o
f P
leur
otus
pul
mon
ariu
s on
saw
du
st s
up
ple
men
ted
wit
h 5
% r
ice
bra
n a
nd
1%
Ca(O
H) 2
, sp
rayed
wit
h d
iffe
ren
t
isola
tes
of
an
tagon
isti
c b
act
eria
du
rin
g 3
0 d
ays
of
harv
esti
ng.
1st f
lush
2n
d f
lush
3rd
flu
shT
ota
l
No. of
days
No. of
Wei
gh
tN
o. of
days
No. of
Wei
gh
tN
o. of
days
No. of
Wei
gh
tN
o. of
Tota
l%
fro
m e
xp
osu
reb
asi
do
carp
s/(g
)fr
om
ex
po
sure
ba
sid
oca
rps/
(g)
fro
m e
xp
osu
reb
asi
do
carp
s/(g
)b
asi
do
carp
s/w
eig
ht
incr
ease
d/
to h
arv
est
ba
gs
to h
arv
est
ba
gs
to h
arv
est
ba
gs
ba
gs
(g)
dec
rea
sed
B00
3-01
36.
15.
887
.018
.54.
138
.528
.22.
310
.012
.213
5.5
-3.2
2B
003-
015
7.0
5.8
94.0
20.6
4.0
32.0
29.4
6.0
20.0
15.8
146.
0-4
.32
B00
3-03
45.
58.
110
6.0
15.1
2.8
31.0
26.6
3.3
12.5
14.2
149.
56.
84
B00
3-04
38.
17.
688
.018
.33.
133
.026
.93.
016
.513
.713
7.5
1.8
4B
004-
013
4.9
7.2
110.
015
.63.
342
.027
.33.
223
.013
.717
5.0
25.0
5B
004-
024
6.6
5.5
91.0
20.1
3.9
38.0
29.5
0.1
0.5
9.5
129.
5-7
.51
B00
4-02
77.
46.
577
.017
.43.
133
.527
.66.
018
.015
.612
8.5
-8.2
3B
004-
029
6.6
6.1
93.0
19.7
3.8
42.5
28.5
3.8
11.5
13.7
147.
05.
03
B00
4-03
58.
46.
068
.017
.63.
434
.525
.54.
239
.013
.614
1.5
1.1
7B
004-
041
5.5
4.7
88.0
17.7
4.9
55.0
28.7
2.5
3.5
12.1
146.
54.
63
B00
4-04
25.
85.
574
.017
.14.
563
.028
.55.
013
.015
.015
0.0
7.1
2B
004-
043
6.1
6.2
115.
019
.32.
525
.027
.74.
09.
512
.714
9.5
6.8
3B
004-
049
6.8
6.3
75.0
18.1
3.4
39.0
27.2
3.7
16.0
13.4
130.
0-7
.14
B00
6-01
76.
87.
889
.017
.84.
555
.028
.63.
76.
516
.015
0.5
7.5
3B
006-
018
4.8
6.6
119.
019
.42.
515
.527
.42.
810
.511
.914
5.0
3.6
4B
010-
041
6.2
6.9
90.0
19.8
3.9
39.5
28.4
3.0
8.5
13.8
138.
0-1
.43
B01
0-04
75.
37.
111
3.0
17.6
2.8
23.5
29.0
1.5
8.0
11.4
144.
53.
22
B01
2-02
15.
17.
811
3.0
14.9
2.9
33.0
26.0
5.1
31.5
15.8
177.
526
.86
B01
2-02
27.
07.
293
.016
.57.
462
.026
.38.
131
.522
.718
6.5
33.2
6B
012-
034
4.9
7.0
109.
013
.22.
740
.023
.74.
739
.014
.418
8.0
34.3
9B
012-
054
7.0
7.2
109.
015
.84.
346
.524
.55.
319
.016
.817
4.5
24.6
2B
012-
055
6.2
6.4
84.0
18.1
3.4
37.0
27.4
4.5
11.0
14.3
132.
0-5
.74
Con
trol
4.9
6.1
106.
017
.02.
330
.028
.32.
04.
010
.414
0.0
0.0
2
No. of
bags
fru
ited
at
3n
d f
lush
Tre
atm
ent
(bact
eria
l
Isola
tes)
Page 8
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol.27 No.1 Jan. - Feb. 2005 32
Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease
Maneechai, P., et al.
‡©≈’ˬլŸà„π™à«ß 0.1-8.1 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß à«π°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ 4.0 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß
®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 9.5-
22.7 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß ‚¥¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå∑’Ë∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ¡“°§◊Õ B012-022 ÕÕ°¥Õ° 22.7 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß à«π∂ÿß∑’ˉ¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ‡æ’¬ß10.4 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß ´÷Ëßæ∫«à“ ∂ÿß∑’Ë©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å®”π«π¥Õ°‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ 2 ‡∑à“ ¢Õß∂ÿß∑’ˉ¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å
4.3 πÈ”Àπ—°√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1 πÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬլŸà„π™à«ß 68.0-119.0
°√—¡/∂ÿß „π¢≥–∑’ˉ¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡ÀÁ¥¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ 106 °√—¡/∂ÿß „π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 2 πÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬլŸà„π™à«ß15.5-63.0 °√—¡/∂ÿß „π¢≥–∑’Ë °“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡ÀÁ¥¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ 30.0 °√—¡/∂ÿß à«π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 3
°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°‰¡à§√∫∑ÿ°∂ÿß πÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬլŸà„π™à«ß 0.5-
39.0 °√—¡/∂ÿß ‡¡◊ËÕ©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿåB012-034 ·≈– B004-035 ´÷Ë߇ªì𠓬æ—π∏ÿå∑’Ë∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ 39.0 °√—¡/∂ÿß „π¢≥–∑’Ë°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡ÀÁ¥¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ‡æ’¬ß 4.0
°√—¡/∂ÿߺ≈º≈‘µ√«¡¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥‡¡◊ËÕ©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬
ªØ‘ªí°…å 15 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’Ë∑”„À⇪Õ√凴Áπµåº≈º≈‘µ‡©≈’ˬ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ (1.1-34.3%) ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ´÷Ëß¡’πÈ”Àπ—°√«¡ 140 °√—¡/∂ÿß ‰¥â·°àB003-015, B003-034, B004-013, B004-029, B004-
035, B004-041, B004-042, B004-043, B006-017,
B006-018, B012-021, B012-022, B012-034, B010-
047 ·≈– B012-054 à«π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ 7 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬ≈¥≈ß (1.4-8.2%) ‰¥â·°à B003-013,
B003-043, B004-024, B004-027, B004-049, B010-
041 ·≈– B012-055
∑”°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ®”π«π 6
“¬æ—π∏ÿå ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â„π°“√»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª ‚¥¬æ‘®“√≥“®“°‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’Ë„ÀâπÈ”Àπ—°¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥ Ÿß √–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡√Á« ·≈–®”π«π¥Õ°¡“° ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥„π‚√߇√◊ÕπÕ’°§√—Èß·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑—Èß 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ‰¥â·°à B004-013,
B006-017, B012-021, B012-022, B012-034 ·≈–B012-054 ®“°°“√®”·π°æ∫«à“ ∑—Èß 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ‡ªìπBacillus spp. ‚¥¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-021,
B012-022, B012-034 ·≈– B012-054 ·¬°‡™◊ÈÕ¡“®“°∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥ÀŸÀπŸ‡ªìπ‚√§ “¬æ—π∏ÿå B004-013 ·≈– B006-017
·¬°‰¥â®“°¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“º‘¥ª°µ‘
5. °“√∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åµàÕ
°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‚√߇√◊Õπ
®“°°“√π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å®”π«π 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’˧—¥‡≈◊Õ°·≈â««à“ àߺ≈„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°¥’ ·≈–„Àâº≈º≈‘µ Ÿß¡“∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥Õ’°§√—Èß„π™à«ß‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«º≈º≈‘µ 60 «—π‰¥âº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß (Table 2) ¥—ßπ’È
5.1 √–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1√–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“
√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1 °“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-
022 „™â‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥πâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ 7.8
«—π ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√©’¥æàπ‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum
√–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° 11.5 «—π à«π°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B006-017, B012-021,
B004-013, B012-054 ·≈– B012-034 √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° 8.6, 9.6, 9.9, 10.6 ·≈– 15.0 «—𠵓¡≈”¥—∫ à«π°“√©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° 8.8 «—π ´÷Ëßæ∫«à“‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘
5.2 ®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“‡©≈’ˬ – ¡„π™à«ß‡°Á∫
‡°’ˬ« 60 «—π æ∫«à“°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ21.0 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ °“√©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ¡’®”π«π¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ 17.0 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß °“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B004-013, B012-021, B012-054,
B006-017 ·≈– B012-034 ∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ 16.5,
16.4, 16.0, 16.0 ·≈– 15.0 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß µ“¡≈”¥—∫ à«π°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬπâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ 14.0 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß ́ ÷Ëßæ∫«à“‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘
5.3 πÈ”Àπ—°º≈º≈‘µπÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ – ¡¢Õߥհ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ „π™à«ß
Page 9
«. ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡.§. - °.æ. 2548°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«
æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ ·≈–§≥–33
‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ« 60 «—π æ∫«à“°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 πÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ 300.0
°√—¡/∂ÿß √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ ©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B006-017 πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ 244.3 °√—¡/∂ÿß ¡’πÈ”Àπ—°¥Õ°‡æ‘Ë¡ 71.1 ·≈– 39.4% µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ´÷Ëß¡“°°«à“°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum „ÀâπÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ – ¡πâÕ¬ ÿ¥§◊Õ 175.3 °√—¡/∂ÿß à«π°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-034, B012-054, B012-021 ·≈–B004-013 πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ 183.5, 187.5, 190.7 ·≈– 192.0
µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ 191.7 °√—¡/∂ÿß „Àâ§à“§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠
5.4 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“∑’ˇªìπ‚√§‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå
µà“ßÊ °àÕπ 2 «—π ·≈â«©’¥æàπµ“¡¥â«¬‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum
‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√©’¥æàπ‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« æ∫«à“¿“¬„π√–¬–‡«≈“ 5 «—π ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥· ¥ß
Õ“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§ ª√“°Ø ªÕ√å ’‡¢’¬«¢÷Èπ¿“¬„π∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“∑’Ë©’¥æàπ‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‚¥¬∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡°‘¥‚√§∂÷ß 80.0% à«π°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åº ¡°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥· ¥ßÕ“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§„π√–¬–‡«≈“ 10 «—πÀ≈—ß®“°©’¥æàπ °“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“‡°‘¥‚√§πâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ 6.7% √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ °“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B006-017 ∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“‡°‘¥‚√§23.3% à«π°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿåB012-021, B004-013, B012-034 ·≈– B012-054
∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“‡°‘¥‚√§ 63.0, 73.3, 73.3% ·≈– 80%
µ“¡≈”¥—∫ „π¢≥–∑’Ë°“√©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ ∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‚√§ 33.3% „Àâ§à“§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠¬‘Ëß (Table 2)
°“√‡°‘¥‚√§¢Õß∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ ‡¡◊ËÕ —߇°µ¿“¬„π∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥®–ª√“°Æ ªÕ√å ’‡¢’¬«¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum
‚√§‡√‘Ë¡· ¥ßÕ“°“√§√—Èß·√°°—∫∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’Ë©’¥æàπ¥â«¬‡™◊ÈÕ T.
Table 2. Average yield of Pleurotus pulmonarius on sawdust supplemented with 5% rice bran + 1%
Ca(OH)2, sprayed with different isolates of antagonistic bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum
during 60 days of harvesting.
Treatment No. of days No. of Cumulative yield % %
from exposure to basidiocarps/bag (g/bag) increase infected
1st cropping bag
1. Bacteria B004-013+ 9.9 16.5 192.0 b 9.5 73.3aT. harzianum
2. Bacteria B006-017+ 8.6 16.0 244 ab 39.4 23.3cT. harzianum
3. Bacteria B012-021+ 9.6 16.4 190.7b 8.0 63.0abT. harzianum
4. Bacteria B012-022+ 7.8 21.0 300.0a 71.1 6.7cT. harzianum
5. Bacteria B012-034+ 15.0 15.0 183.5b 4.7 73.3aT. harzianum
6. Bacteria B012-054 10.6 16.0 187.5b 7.0 80.0aT. harzianum
7. T.harzianum (control) 11.5 14.0 175.3b 0.0 80.0a8. Distilled water (check) 8.8 17.0 191.7b 8.8 33.3bc
C.V. (%) 27.1 16.8 14.6 - 23.9F-test ns ns * **
Means followed by the same letter in a column are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT.
Page 10
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol.27 No.1 Jan. - Feb. 2005 34
Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease
Maneechai, P., et al.
harzianum À≈—ß®“°©’¥æàπ‡™◊ÈÕ 5 «—π à«π∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’Ë¡’°“√©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡ÀÁ¥®–· ¥ßÕ“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§À≈—ß®“°©’¥æàπ‡™◊ÈÕ 10 «—π √–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√· ¥ßÕ“°“√¢Õß‚√§ª√–¡“≥ 30 «—π À≈—ß®“°π—Èπµ√«® Õ∫°“√‡°‘¥‚√§Õ’°§√—Èß„π«—π∑’Ë 50 æ∫«à“‰¡àª√“°Ø ªÕ√å ’‡¢’¬«¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕT. harzianum ∫π∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’ˇªìπ‚√§ ·µà∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’ˇ§¬∂Ÿ°‡™◊ÈÕT. harzianum ‡¢â“∑”≈“¬ ‡°‘¥Õ“°“√‡πà“‡≈– ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ ’πÈ”µ“≈∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥‰¡àÕÕ°¥Õ°
«‘®“√≥åº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß
®“°°“√·¬°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ√“‡¢’¬« (T.
harzianum) ®“°·À≈àßµà“ßÊ §◊Õ ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‚√§ ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ·≈–¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–º‘¥ª°µ‘ æ∫«à“¡’·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„πª√‘¡“≥§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß‚¥¬¡’ª√‘¡“≥‡©≈’ˬ65.5% (54.7-70.4%) ¢Õߪ√–™“°√·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡À≈à“π’È®–¡’º≈µàÕ°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß√“‡¢’¬«„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡ÀÁ¥‰¥â „π°“√·¬°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’ËÕ“»—¬√à«¡°—∫∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‚√§ ·≈–®“°·À≈àßÕ◊ËπÊ ∑’ˉ¡à¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ‚√§ “¡“√∂„ à ªÕ√凙◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ≈߉ªº ¡°—∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß°àÕπ®–𔉪‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߄π®“π‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ(pour plate) ®– “¡“√∂·¬°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åÕÕ°®“°æ«°∑’ˉ¡à‡ªìπªØ‘ªí°…剥â∑—π∑’ ‡ªìπ«‘∏’°“√ßà“¬ –¥«°„™â√–¬–‡«≈“ 2 «—π °Á “¡“√∂§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…剥â·≈–·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ˉ¥â®–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ‚¥¬‡≈◊Õ°‡°Á∫‡©æ“–‚§‚≈π’·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ∑’Ë “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇ âπ„¬‡™◊ÈÕ√“‰¡à„Àâ “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‡¢â“¡“„°≈â∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡®√‘≠Õ¬Ÿà´÷Ëß®–ª√“°Æ≈—°…≥–«ß„ ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ «ß„ ∑’Ë¡’¢π“¥„À≠à¬àÕ¡· ¥ß«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‰Õ‚´‡≈∑π—Èπ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß„π°“√‡ªìπ‡™◊Èժؑªí°…å ´÷Ë߇∫◊ÈÕßµâπ “¡“√∂‡°Á∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…剥⮔π«π 174 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑
°“√∑¥ Õ∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å°—∫‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥ æ∫«à“¡’‡æ’¬ß 12 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’Ë∑”„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‰¡à “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‡¢â“„°≈â·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¢’¥‰«â‰¥â ´÷ËßÕ“®‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å √â“ß “√ªØ‘™’«π–‰¥âÀ≈“¬™π‘¥ ÷́Ëß “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ·≈–‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‰¥â¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ à«π∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õæ∫«à“ “¡“√∂ à߇ √‘¡„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡®√‘≠‰¥â¥’¢÷Èπ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ§—¥‡≈◊Õ°µàÕ‰ª æ∫«à“¡’‡æ’¬ß 28
‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°„π®“πÕ“À“√ PDA „π√–¬–‡«≈“ 25 «—ππà“®–‡ªìπ‡æ√“–«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åπÕ°®“°º≈‘µ “√ªØ‘™’«π–‰¥â·≈â« ¬—ߺ≈‘µ “√Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ë¡’ª√–‚¬™πå„π¥â“π à߇ √‘¡„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡®√‘≠‰¥â¥’·≈– “¡“√∂ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‰¥â„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’Õ“À“√‡À¡“– ¡ ®“°°“√»÷°…“‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ¢ÕßStanek (1974b) æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà√à«¡°—π°—∫‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡¡’ª√–‚¬™πå„π¥â“π°“√ª√—∫§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡¢Õß∏“µÿÕ“À“√„π«— ¥ÿ‡æ“– ∑”„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥¡’§«“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥åπÕ°®“°π’È Stanek (1974a) ¬—ß√“¬ß“π«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ËÕ“»—¬√à«¡°—∫‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬æ«°∑’Ë∑π√âÕπ(thermotolerant) “¡“√∂º≈‘µ “√æ«°‡´≈≈Ÿ‚≈ ‡™àπ‚æ≈’·´§§“‰√¥å ·≈–«‘µ“¡‘π∫“ß™π‘¥ ∑’ˇªìπª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥ à«π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‰Õ‚´‡≈∑Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’ˉ¡à∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°Õ“®‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡À≈à“π—ÈπÕ“®®–º≈‘µ “√∑’Ë¡’ª√–‚¬™π剥ⷵà √â“ß„πª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬ ®÷߉¡à “¡“√∂∑’Ë°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‰¥â ®“°°“√∑¥≈ÕߢÕß Eger (1963 Õâ“ß‚¥¬Hume ·≈– Hayes 1974) „π‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡ æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬P. putida ·≈– Pseudomonas Group IV “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ° πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßæ∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘π’ÈÕ¬Ÿà„π °ÿ≈ Bacillus ·≈– P. fluorescenses
Õ’°¥â«¬ (Stanek, 1974a; Hume and Hayes, 1974;
Singh and Singh, 2001)
°“√∑¥ Õ∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ° ·≈–¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—Èß28 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’Ë “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‡¡◊ËÕ𔉪∑¥ Õ∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡À√◊Õ¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum °Áæ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å®”π«π 22 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’Ë “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇ âπ„¬ T. harzianum ‰¥â Õ“®‡°‘¥®“°ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õßµ—«‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡Õß °≈à“«§◊Õ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡¡◊ËÕ‡≈’Ȭ߉«â‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“π“π À√◊Õ°“√¬â“¬‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ª≈’ˬπÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ®–∑”„Àâª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æÀ√◊Õ§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√‡ªìπ‡™◊Èժؑªí°…凪≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÀ√◊Õ≈¥≈߉ª‰¥â ®÷ß∑”„Àâ·∫§∑’‡√’¬Õ’°6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ‰¡à¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√‡ªìπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡À√◊Õ¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum
‰¥âÕ’°µàÕ‰ª
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«. ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡.§. - °.æ. 2548°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«
æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ ·≈–§≥–35
°“√∑¥ Õ∫‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ®”π«π 22
‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’Ë “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ° ·≈– “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß T. harzianum ∫π®“πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ·≈â« ¢—ÈπµÕπµàÕ‰ª§◊Õ °“√𔉪∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ߥհ„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡ÀÁ¥æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å 15 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑”„À⇪Õ√凴Áπµåº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ (1.1-34.3%) °“√∑’Ë·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‰¡à “¡“√∂∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ∑ÿ°‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ Õ“®‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â«à“°“√º≈‘µ “√∑’Ë¡’ª√–‚¬™πå‡æ◊ËÕ°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ߥհ¡“°¢÷Èπ·≈–„ÀâπÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èππ—Èπ ‡°‘¥‰¥â¥’„π ¿“æ∑’Ë·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åÕ¬Ÿà∫πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ ÷́Ëß¡’∏“µÿÕ“À“√ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¡“°°«à“Õ¬Ÿà„π«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√®–„™âª√–‚¬™π宓°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„Àâ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“懪ìπ∑’Ëπà“æÕ„®„π ¿“æ∏√√¡™“µ‘ ®÷ߧ«√»÷°…“∂÷ß°“√º≈‘µ Ÿµ√µ”√—∫´÷Ëß¡’·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“π∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡‡ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¡“√∂º≈‘µ “√ªØ‘™’«π–‰¥â¥’ ·≈– “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡°‘¥‚√§‰¥â‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√∑¥ Õ∫„πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕæ—≤π“ Ÿµ√µ”√—∫∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈â« °“√𔉪„™â§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‡ÀÁ¥‚¥¬‡°…µ√°√®–¡’·π«‚π⡪√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ
À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ‰¥â§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥ Ÿß ®”π«π 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ®”·π°™π‘¥æ∫«à“‡ªìπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ °ÿ≈ Bacillus sp. ®“°°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“ Bacillus
sp. “¡“√∂º≈‘µ “√ªØ‘™’«π– (Katz and Kemain, 1977)
´÷Ëß¡’ƒ∑∏‘ϵâ“π‡™◊ÈÕ√“ (Boer and Diderichsen, 1991) ‡™àπB. brevis “¡“√∂º≈‘µ “√ gramicidin S (Ovchinnikov
and Lvanov, 1982) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ “√ªØ‘™’«π–∑’Ë¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï„π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß°“√ßÕ°¢ÕߧÕ𑇥’¬ (Edwards and Seddon, 1992
Õâ“ß‚¥¬ π√‘ “ ®—π∑√å‡√◊Õß, 2543) B. subtilis º≈‘µ “√ªØ‘™’«π– ‡™àπ iturin ®–ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘ϵàÕµâ“π‡™◊ÈÕ√“·≈–¬’ µå(Sandrin et al., 1990) surfactin ‡ªìπ “√ªØ‘™’«π–∑’ˬ—∫¬—Èß·∫§∑’‡√’¬·°√¡≈∫ (Cooper et al., 1981)
°“√∑¥ Õ∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ®”π«π 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑µàÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬« T. harzianum „π‚√߇√◊Õπ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’Ë∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ Ÿß ÿ¥ ‰¥â·°à·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å Bacillus sp. “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-021,
B012-022, B012-034, B012-054, B004-013 ·≈–B006-017 ‚¥¬ª≈Ÿ°‡™◊ÈÕ√à«¡°—∫ T. harzianum ‡æ◊ËÕ∑¥ Õ∫
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡°‘¥‚√§¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ√“„π ¿“æ‚√߇√◊Õπ∑¥≈Õß æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…凙◊ÈÕ Bacillus
“¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ·≈– B006-017 ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡°‘¥‚√§‰¥â¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ „Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥ Ÿß ÿ¥ ·≈–∑”„Àâ√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1 ‡√Á«¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ß“π∑¥≈ÕߢÕß Curto ·≈– Favelli (1974)
∑’Ëæ∫«à“°“√©’¥æàπ‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å≈ß∫π¥‘π∑’˪‘«Àπâ“ (casing) ·ª≈߇擖‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡ “¡“√∂∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ 37% ·≈–√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥®–‡√Á«¢÷Èπ °“√∑’Ë©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëπ‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« „Àâº≈º≈‘µπâÕ¬°«à“°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬‡™◊ÈÕ T.
harzianum ‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’°“√√–∫“¥¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕT. harzianum ®“°∂ÿß„°≈⇧’¬ß ∑”„À⇰‘¥‚√§∂÷ß 33.3%
∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’Ë©’¥æàπ‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ®–· ¥ßÕ“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§‡√Á«·≈–√«¥‡√Á«°«à“°“√©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å√à«¡¥â«¬ √–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√· ¥ßÕ“°“√¢Õß‚√§„π∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’Ë©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªÆ‘ªí°…å·≈–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ª√–¡“≥ 30 «—π À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ‡¡◊ËÕµ√«® Õ∫Õ“°“√¢Õß‚√§Õ’°§√—Èß „π«—π∑’Ë 50 ¢Õß°“√∑¥ Õ∫‚√§ æ∫«à“Õ“°“√¢Õß‚√§ª√“°Ø‰¡à™—¥‡®π ‚¥¬ —߇°µ‡ÀÁπ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“‡°‘¥Õ“°“√‡πà“¡’ ’πÈ”µ“≈ÕàÕπ‰¡àª√“°Ø ªÕ√å ’‡¢’¬«¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‰¥â™—¥‡®π‡À¡◊Õπ√–¬–·√°¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥‚√§ ·≈–∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’Ë∂Ÿ°‡™◊ÈÕ‡¢â“∑”≈“¬®–¬—ߧ߄Àâ¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥Õ¬Ÿà ·µà„Àâ„πª√‘¡“≥∑’ËπâÕ¬≈ß∑—Èßπ’ÈÕ“®‡ªìπ‡æ√“–«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë∑”°“√©’¥æàπ∫π°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥°àÕπ∑’Ë®–©’¥æàπ¥â«¬‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum
·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å¡’°“√‡®√‘≠ ·≈–‡¢â“§√Õ∫§√Õßæ◊Èπ∑’ˉ¥â¥’°«à“‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‡æ◊ËÕÀ“Õ“À“√ ·≈– “¡“√∂Õ¬Ÿà√Õ¥‰¥â ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‡¢â“‰ª¿“¬À≈—ß ‡™◊ÈÕ T.
harzianum ®÷߉¡à “¡“√∂‡¢â“·°àß·¬àßæ◊Èπ∑’˧√Õ∫§√Õß®“°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…剥â àߺ≈„À⇙◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‰¡à “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‰¥â ·≈–‰¡à· ¥ßÕ“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§„π∑’Ë ÿ¥
¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√„™â·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ‡™àπ Bacillus sp.
“¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ·≈– B006-017 ©’¥æàπ°àÕπ°“√‡°‘¥‚√§πà“®–¡’º≈„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum
„π‡ÀÁ¥‰¥â¥’ πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßæ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—Èß 2 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑”„Àâ√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥‡√Á«¢÷Èπ
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Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol.27 No.1 Jan. - Feb. 2005 36
Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease
Maneechai, P., et al.
√ÿª
®“°°“√·¬°‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ®”π«π 174
‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ®“°·À≈àßµà“ßÊ §◊Õ ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’ˇªìπ‚√§√“‡¢’¬«∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ·≈–¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥º‘¥ª°µ‘ ‡™◊ÈÕ∑—Èß174 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑π’È “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß√“‡¢’¬« (T.
harzianum) ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂∑”„À⇰‘¥«ß„ (clear zone)
√–À«à“ß‚§‚≈π’¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬·≈–‡™◊ÈÕ√“ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕπ”·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—Èß 174 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ¡“»÷°…“ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ (P. pulmonarius) æ∫«à“¡’®”π«π 28
‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°„π®“π‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ‰¥â µàÕ¡“‰¥â∑”°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡À≈◊Õ 22 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‰¥â¥’‡æ◊ËÕ„™â»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª
‡¡◊ËÕπ”·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å 22 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ¡“∑¥ Õ∫º≈µàÕ°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥‚¥¬©’¥‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬·µà≈–‰Õ‚´‡≈∑≈ß∑’˪“°∂ÿß°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ æ∫«à“º≈º≈‘µ√«¡¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥‡¡◊ËÕ©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å 15 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡©≈’ˬ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ(1.1-34.3%) ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫º≈º≈‘µ∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑”°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬®”π«π 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ §◊ÕB004-013, B006-017, B012-21, B012-21, B012-022,
B012-034 ·≈– B012-054 ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â»÷°…“§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“„π‚√߇√◊ÕπµàÕ‰ª°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—Èß 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑„π‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπæ∫«à“‡ªìπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ °ÿ≈ Bacillus
π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—Èß 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’˧—¥‡≈◊Õ°‰¥â§◊Õ¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß√“‡¢’¬« T. harzianum ·≈–°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ߥհ¡“°¢÷Èπ ¡“„™â§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥„π‚√߇√◊ÕπÕ’°§√—Èß„π™à«ß‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«º≈º≈‘µ 60 «—π æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬« ·≈–„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬ¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‚√§¡’‡æ’¬ß 6.7% º≈º≈‘µ‡©≈’ˬ 300.0 °√—¡/∂ÿß ´÷Ëß Ÿß°«à“™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡∑’Ë©’¥æàπ‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum
71.1% à«π°“√©’¥æàπ‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡°‘¥‚√§¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ 80.0% ‡ÀÁ¥„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡©≈’ˬ‡æ’¬ß 175.3 °√—¡/∂ÿß à«π∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’Ë©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ ‡°‘¥‚√§ 33.3% ·≈–‡ÀÁ¥„Àâº≈º≈‘µ 191.7 °√—¡/∂ÿß
(8.8%) “‡Àµÿ∑’ˇ°‘¥‚√§°—∫∂ÿß∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â©’¥æàπ T. harzianum
‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß‚√§‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¿“¬„π‚√߇√◊Õπ
°‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»
ß“π«‘®—¬π’ȉ¥â√—∫∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ®“°»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬§«∫§ÿ¡»—µ√Ÿæ◊™‚¥¬™’«‘π∑√’¬å·Ààß™“µ‘¿“§„µâ ¿“«‘®—¬·Ààß™“µ‘ ·≈–∫“ß à«π®“°∫—≥±‘µ«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√废⇢’¬π„§√à¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë»Ÿπ¬åœ ∑ÿ°∑à“π∑’˙૬‡À≈◊ÕÕπÿ‡§√“–Àå ∂“π∑’Ë ·≈–Õÿª°√≥åµà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√«‘®—¬
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√. 2544. ø“√塇ÀÁ¥ ߢ≈“√–∑¡ ç√“ ’‡¢’¬«é√–∫“¥Àπ—°. 𑵬 “√‡ âπ∑“߇°…µ√ 1: 87-80.
π√‘ “ ®—π∑√å‡√◊Õß. 2543. °“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‡™◊ÈÕ Phytophthora botryosa ¢Õ߬“ßæ“√“‚¥¬™’««‘∏’. «‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏å«‘∑¬“»“ µ√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ “¢“«‘™“‚√§æ◊™«‘∑¬“ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å.
ª√–‰æ»√’ æ‘∑—°…å‰æ√«—π. 2542. ‚√§‡ÀÁ¥„π°“√∫√‘À“√»—µ√Ÿ‡ÀÁ¥.°Õß à߇ √‘¡æ◊™ «π °√¡ à߇ √‘¡°“√‡°…µ√ Àπâ“ 16-
40.Beyer, D.M., Wuest, P.J. and Anderson, M.G. 2001.
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Cooper, D.G., MacDonald, C.R., Duff, S.J.B. andKosaric, N. 1981. Enhanced production ofsurfactin by Bacillus subtilis by continuous re-move and metal cation additions. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 42: 408-412.
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ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡.§. - °.æ. 2548°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«
æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ ·≈–§≥–37
Hume, D.P. and Hayes, W.A. 1974. The productionof fruit-body primordia in Agaricus bisporus(Lange) Sing. on agar media. Mush. Sci. 8: 527-531.
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