राीय ौोिगक संथा नपुदुेरीnitpy.ac.in/assets/pdfs/sylabus/2018/MTECH_ECE_CURRICULUM_SYLLABUS.pdfTo design and implement a DSP system using tools

1

रा�ीय �ौ�ोिगक� सं�था नपुद�ुेरी NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYPUDUCHERRY

Karaikal – 609609 M.Tech. Communication Systems

Curriculum

SEMESTER I

CODE

COURSE TITLE

L T P C

EC601 Digital Communication Techniques 3 0 0 3

EC603 Communication Networks and Protocols 3 0 0 3

EC605 Adaptive Signal Processing 3 0 0 3

EC6XX Elective 1 3 0 0 3



EC607 Digital Communication and Signal Processing Laboratory 0 0 3 2

Total Credits

20

SEMESTER II

CODE

COURSE TITLE

L T P C

EC602 Wireless Communicationsand Networks 3 0 0 3

EC604 Microwave Circuits 3 0 0 3

EC6XX Elective– 4 3 0 0 3

EC6XX Elective – 5 3 0 0 3

EC606 Wireless Communicationsand Networks Laboratory 0 0 3 2

EC608 Microwave and MIC Laboratory 0 0 3 2

EC610 Seminar & Technical Writing 0 2 0 2

Total Credits

18

2

SEMESTER III

CODE

COURSE TITLE

L T P C

EC609 Internship1 0 0 3 2

EC691 Project (Phase I) 0 0 12 8

Total Credits

10

1 Evaluation criteria for Internship is based on the following: An internship report will be assessed by internship coordinator A minimum period of 8 weeks and maximum period of 12 weeks commencing from 3rd week of May Result of Internship will be passed and declared in the last week of August

SEMESTER IV

CODE

COURSE TITLE

L T P C

EC612 Project (Phase II) 0 0 18 12

Total Credits

12

SUMMARY

SEMESTER I II III IV TOTAL

CREDITS 20 18 10 12 60

TOTAL CREDITS TO BE EARNED: 60

ELECTIVES FOR SEMESTER I

CODE COURSE TITLE CREDITS

EC651 Estimation and Detection Theory 3

EC653 Information Theory and Coding 3

EC655 Passive MIC 3

EC657 Satellite Communication and RADAR Principles 3

EC659 Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility 3

EC661 Pattern recognition and Machine Learning 3

EC663 VLSI Digital Signal Processing 3

EC665 Mathematical Foundations for Communication Engineering 3

3

EC667 Markov Modelingand Theory of Queues 3

EC669 Spread Spectrum and CDMA Systems 3

EC671 RF Circuit Design 3

EC673 Antenna Theory and Design 3

EC675 Advanced Image Processing 3

EC677 Biological Effects of Microwaves 3

CS661 Internet of Things 3

ELECTIVES FOR SEMESTER II

CODE COURSE TITLE CREDITS

EC652 Optical Communication Networks 3

EC654 Real Time Embedded System Design 3

EC656 Theory of Error Control Coding 3

EC658 Computational Electromagnetics 3

EC660 Electromagnetic Metamaterials 3

EC662 Advanced VLSI Design 3

EC664 Wavelet Signal Processing 3

EC666 Smart Antenna 3

EC668 CMOS Mixed Signal Circuit Design 3

EC670 Weather and Climate 3

EC672 Biomedical Signal and Image Processing 3

EC674 Bio-MEMS 3

EC676 Substrate Integrated WaveguidesTechnology: Design and

Analysis 3

CS662 Network Security 3

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M. TECH. – I SEMESTER EC601 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

Credits: 3 Objectives:

To give an in depth knowledge in digital communication systems To impart the fundamentals of data transmission, encoding, multiplexing To compare the various modulation schemes from the point of view of bandwidth, circuit complexity

and noise performance. Unit 1: Random Processes Definition, stationary processes, ensemble averages - mean, auto correlation, auto covariance, time averages and ergodicity, cross correlation, power spectral density, random processes through LTI systems, Gaussian random process and its properties, narrow band processes.

Unit 2: Base band Transmission PCM,logarithmic PCM, differential PCM, Delta modulation. Nyquist criterion for zero ISI, Correlative level coding, Optimum design of transmit and receive filters, Equalization- linear equalizers, decision feedback equalizers

Unit 3: Pass band Digital transmission Digital modulation schemes - ASK, PSK - BPSK/QPSK/M-ary PSK, differential encoding and decoding, FSK, CPM and MSK, performance analysis in AWGN channel - probability of error analysis, Carrier synchronization methods, Symbol timing estimation methods.

Unit 4: Error control coding Linear block codes, cyclic codes-encoding and decoding, Non-binary codes, Convolutional codes, Decoding of convolutional codes, Trellis coded modulation, Interleaver, Turbo coding, Performance measures.

Unit 5: Communication over Fading Channels Characteristics of fading channels, Rayleigh and Rician channels, receiver performance-average SNR, outage probability, amount of fading and average bit/symbol error rate. Outcomes:

Ability to understand the limitations of communication systems for effectively utilizing the fundamental resources for communication namely bandwidth and power and to appreciate the effective use of such resources to achieve exchange of information.

Ability to design and analyze various processing units of a digital communication system such as line coding and pulse shaping, various modulation techniques, equalization, synchronization and detection

Evaluation Guidelines:

20% on Synthesis, 40% on Analysis, and 40% on Conceptual understanding. Text Books:

1. J S. Haykin, “Communication systems (4/e)”,John Wiley, 2001. 2. J.G. Proakis, “Digital Communications” (5/e), McGraw – Hill, 2007.

References:

1. B.P. Lathi, Zhi Ding, “Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems (4/e)”,Oxford university Press,

2. Ian A. Glover and Peter M. Grant, “Digital Communications”, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2008.

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EC603 COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND PROTOCOLS Credits: 3

Objectives: To impart the architecture of the Internet protocols as a layered model To impart the various components of wide area networks and local area networks

Unit 1: Layered architecture & Data Link Layer General issues in networking – Delays – Throughput- Architectural concepts in ISO's OSI layered model- Data link layer - Direct Link Networks- Error detection- Reliable Transmission- MAC Protocols – ALOHA- CSMA - LANs – IEEE 802.3- IEEE 802.5 - IEEE 802.11

Unit 2: Network layer Datagram and Virtual circuit service – Routers – ICMP - IPV4 and IPV6 - IP addressing- Sub netting- CIDR- DHCP – NAT – ARP - Routing Principles

Unit 3: Transport layer Transport layer services - Connection Management - Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - Principles of reliable data transfer - Principles of congestion control - Flow control.

Unit 4: QOS issues & Application Layer Quality of Service issues in networks- Integrated service architecture- Queuing Disciplines- Weighted Fair Queuing- Random Early Detection- Differentiated Services- Protocols for QOS support- Resource reservation - RSVP- Applications layer – HTTP – SMTP – telnet – FTP- RTP, Software Defined Network

Unit 5: Queueing theory Introduction to Queueing theory: Markov chain- Discrete time and continuous time Markov chains- Poisson process - Queueing models for Datagram networks- Little's theorem- M/M/1 queueing systems- M/M/m/m queueing models - M/G/1 queue - Mean value analysis Outcomes:

Ability to understand the different layers of TCP/IP protocol stack Ability to analyze the working principle of different protocols at different layers



1. J. F. Kurose & K. W. Ross, Computer Networking (3/e) Pearson. 2. W. Stallings, Wireless Communication and Networks, Pearson, 2003

References:

1. D. Bertsekas and R. Gallager, “Data Networks”, Prentice Hall of India, 2/e, 2000

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EC605 ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING Credits: 3

Objectives: The purpose of the course adaptive signal processing:

Aims for extracting relevant information from noisy signals. The emphasis is on recursive, model based estimation methods for time-varying systems. Applications in, for example, communications, control and medicine are treated.

Fundamentals for adaptive systems; mean-square estimation, Wiener filters. State space models. Kalman filters. Search techniques: Gradient and Newton methods. LMS (least

mean squares), Analysis of adaptive algorithms Unit 1: Random process Random variables, random processes, filtered random processes. Ensemble averages, correlation, covariance, power spectrum, cross power spectrum. Ergodicity, time averages, biased & unbiased estimators, consistent estimators. Direct form linear prediction filtering. Normal equations for linear prediction filtering. Levinson algorithm. Linear prediction lattice filtering.

Unit 2: Wiener filtering Wiener smoothing and prediction filters. Application of Wiener smoothing to noise cancelling. Application of Wiener prediction filters. Constrained, linear MMSE filtering. Minimum variance beam forming.

Unit 3: LMS LMS adaptive algorithm. Properties of LMS adaptive filter. Normalized forms. Finite precision effects. Adaptive beam forming.

Unit 4: Frequency Analysis Frequency domain adaptive filters. Adaptive lattice filters. Godard algorithm. Lattice. Neural networks and multi-layer perceptrons. Adaptive IIR filtering. The constant modulus algorithm.

Unit 5: Adaptive Filtering Blind adaptive filtering. Cost functions. Higher order statistics. Outcomes:

Understanding the information present in noisy signals Understanding about adaptive signal processing and adaptive systems and adaptive algorithms


20% on Synthesis, 40% on Analysis, and 40% on Conceptual understanding Text Book:

1. S. Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, Prentice-Hall, 4-th edition, 2001.

References: 1. Ali H. Sayed, Fundamentals of Adaptive Filtering, John Wiley, 2003. 2. D. Manolakis, V. Ingle, S. Kogan, Statistical and Adaptive Signal Processing: Spectral Estimation,

Signal Modeling, Adaptive Filtering and Array Processing, McGraw Hill, 1999. 3. B. Widrow, S. Stearns, Adaptive Signal Processing, Prentice-Hall, 1985. 4. J. Triechler, C. Johnson, M. Larimore, Theory and Design of Adaptive Filters, prentice-Hall, 1995. 5. P. Diniz, Kluwer, Adaptive Filtering: Algorithms and Practical Implementation, 1997.

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EC607 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB Credits: 2 Objectives for Communication Lab:

To generate and detect various digital modulation schemes To understand how to model communication system using simulation tools To simulate and verify the performance analysis of communication systems To study the response of the systems for various signals in time and frequency domain To study about the different signals and systems To design and implement a DSP system using tools like LabVIEW and MATLAB To analyze and describe the functionality of a real world DSP system To work in teams to plan and execute the creation of a complex DSP system To apply DSP system design to real world applications

1. BASK, BPSK and BFSK Modulation schemes (BER Vs SNR) 2. QPSK Modulation and Demodulation 3. Implementation of Linear Block Codes and Cyclic Codes. 4. Simulation of Modulation (base band and pass band schemes) and Coding in a AWGN

communication Channel using Simulation Packages. 5. Design, implementation and testing of modulators using spectrum analyzer. 6. Study of Spread Spectrum Techniques. 7. Implementation of Adaptive Filters 8. Channel equalizer design 9. Implementation of Multi rate systems 10. Windowing effects 11. Hardware experiments using Digital Signal Processors

References:

1. J S. Haykin, “Communication systems (4/e)”,John Wiley, 2001. 2. J.G. Proakis, “Digital Communications” (5/e), McGraw – Hill, 2007. 3. Vaidyanathan PP. Multi-rate systems and filter banks. Pearson Education India; 1993.

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M. TECH. – II SEMESTER EC602 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS


To impart the knowledge of important topics in wireless communication and wireless networks Unit 1: Cellular Concept & Mobile radio Propagation Frequency reuse - Interference analysis- Hand-off - Erlang Capacity Analysis - Grade of Service, Improving capacity - Cell splitting and sectorization – Reflection – Diffraction - Fading. Multipath propagation - Statistical characterization of multipath fading -Diversity techniques for mobile wireless radio systems – RF optimization techniques.

Unit 2: Propagation models and Spread spectrum Practical link budget design using Path loss models - Indoor and outdoor Propagation models -Direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS), Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FH-SS) -Code design- Maximal length sequences, gold codes- Walsh codes - Rake Receiver- Capacity of cellular CDMA networks

Unit 3: Wireless LANs and Mobile TCP/IP IEEE 802.11 WLANs - protocol architecture, physical layer, MAC layer, analysis, deployment of 802.11 infrastructure - Mobile Network and Transport Layers: Mobile IP; Traditional TCP, Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile TCP; TCP/IP protocol stack over IEEE 802.11b

Unit 4: Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETS) Introduction; MAC Protocols - classification, comparative analysis; Routing - reactive and proactive routing, power-aware routing, performance comparison; Quality of Service – Introduction to VANETs

Unit 5: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Wireless PANs Overview/Architectures; Data Dissemination/Data Gathering; MAC Protocols; Power control; cross layer design; Localization – IEEE 802.15.4 ; WPANs –Bluetooth, ZigBee, UWB. – Introduction to Underwater Sensor Networks and Body Area Networks Outcomes:

Desire to explore new developments in various existing wireless communication/networking technologies so as to enable design and development of more resource efficient wireless technologies in the future.



1. T.S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communication, principles & practice”, PHI, 2002. 2. C. Siva Ram Murthy and B. S. Manoj, “Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols”,

Pearson Education, Inc., 2005.

References: 1. Holger Karl and Andreas Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks, John

Wiley & Sons, 2005. 2. Charles E Perkins, “Ad Hoc Networking”, Addison Wesley, 2001. 3. Jochen Schiller, “Mobile Communications”, Addison Wesley, 2000. 4. Ramjee Prasad and Luis Munoz, “WLANs and WPANs towards 4G wireless”, Artech House, 2003. 5. Current papers from JSAC, IEEE Trans. Networking, IEEE Trans. Wireless Communications,

Infocom, Mobicom.

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EC604 MICROWAVE CIRCUITS Credits: 3

Objectives: To make the students familiarize with ABCD parameters, S parameters, Applications of planar

transmission lines in the practical microwave circuits, Design and layout of all Microwave Integrated Circuit components and systems.

Unit 1: Network parameters Two-port network characterization. Scattering matrix representation of microwave component

Unit 2: Planar transmission line based Microwave components Planar transmission lines: Characteristics, properties, design parameters and applications. Design and realization of MIC Components.3 dB hybrid design. Backward Directional Coupler, Hybrid ring and Power dividers.

Unit 3: Implementation of MIC filters MIC filters. Kuroda transformation. K inverter, J inverter. Resonator filters. Realization using microstrip lines and strip lines.

Unit 4: Microwave amplifier design Microwave amplifier design.Power gain equations.Maximum gain design. Low noise Design. High power design. Stability considerations.

Unit 5: Microwave oscillator design Microwave oscillator design. One – port and two – port negative resistance oscillators. Oscillator design using large – signal measurements. Outcomes: Students will be able to

understand the basics of Scattering matrix and two port characterization. analyze the design principles of passive microwave components such as couplers and power dividers. distinguish between the different types of MIC filters and their implementation. understand the complexities of microwave amplifier design and its stability features. identify the suitable microwave power sources of given specification for the selected application. appreciate the design principles of microwave oscillators.



1. I. J. Bahl & P. Bhartia, “Microwave Solid state Circuit Design (2/e)”, Wiley, 2003. 2. S. Y. Liao, “Microwave Circuit Analysis and Amplifier Design”, Prentice-Hall, 1986.

References:

1. G. Gonzalez, “Microwave Transistors and Amplifiers (2/e)”, Prentice-Hall, 1997. 2. David M. Pozer “Microwave Engineering (4/e)”, Willey, 2009. 3. B. Bhat, S. K Koul, “Stripline like transmission lines for Microwave Integrated Circuits”, New Age

International Pvt. Ltd Publishers, 2007. 4. G. L. Matthaei, L. Young and E. M. T. Jones, “Microwave Filters, Impedance Matching Networks

and Coupling Structures,” McGraw-Hill, New York, 1964.

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EC606 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LABORATORY Credits: 2

Objectives: To experiment the concepts introduced in the course EC602

Modeling and Simulation of Networks using Network Simulators

1. Creating Network Topologies 2. Measurements and Statistics of Delays, Throughput, and Packet Behavior 3. IEEE 802.11 performance analysis using analytical models and Simulation 4. IEEE 802.11e EDCA service differentiation 5. Creating TCP and UDP Connection 6. MAC Protocols: CSMA and CSMA/CD in Ethernet and LAN Environments 7. Performance analysis of routing protocols

Wireless communication systems simulation

1. Small scale and Large scale fading 2. Link budget design 3. Diversity techniques 4. Selection and Combining 5. Fading Channels

Hardware Experiments

1. Hardware experiments using Software Defined Radio / Universal Software Radio Peripheral References:

1. W.H. Tranter, K. Sam Shanmugham, T.S. Rappaport, and K.L. Kosbar, “ Principles of Communication System Simulation with Wireless Applications,” Pearson, 2004.

2. J.G. Proakis, and M. Salehi, “Contemporary Communication Systems using MATLAB, Bookware Companion Series, 2006.

3. E. Aboelela, “Network Simulation Experiments Manual,” The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking, 2007.

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EC608 MICROWAVE AND MIC LABORATORY Credits: 2

Objectives:

To make the students to understand the design the microwave components/equipment and measure its characteristics.

List of Experiments

1. Characteristics of Klystron Oscillator and Gunn diode Oscillator

2. Measurement of VSWR, Frequency and Attenuation

3. Measurement of Unknown impedance

4. Characteristics of Branch line directional coupler

5. Study of 3dB power divider

6. Study of Rat-race Hybrid ring

7. Design and Study of Filters

8. Antenna Measurements

9. Design and Study of 50 Microstrip Line

10. Design and Study of Parallel line directional coupler

Outcomes: Students will be able to

Understandthe working principle of microwave equipment Design MIC component Measure characteristics of microwave source/component.

References:

1. Annapurna Das, Sisir K. Das, “Microwave Engineering”, 2nd edition, MHCo.,Ltd.,2010. 2. D.M. Pozar, “Microwave Engineering”, 4thedition, Wiley,2011.

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EC610 SEMINAR AND TECHNICAL WRITING Credits: 2

Objectives: To become expertise in any one of the soft skills To understand research papers and prepare presentation material To improve oral communication skills through presentation To prepare original technical write up on the presentation

Methodology

To choose the area of interest To identify current literatures To choose state of the art survey paper/research paper To consult and get confirmed with Seminar Coordinator To prepare the Power point presentation on recent trends To present as per schedule drawn by Seminar Coordinator To prepare a technical write up and submit to Seminar Coordinator To attend Guest lecturers/Seminars and submit the report

Outcomes:

Improvement in proficiency in English Improvement in presentation skill Improvement in analytical and reasoning ability Improvement in technical writing

References:

1. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Modern Language Association of America, 2009 2. Research Papers published in IEEE, ACM, Elsevier publishers, etc.

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M. TECH – III SEMESTER EC609 INTERNSHIP


To develop institute-industry interaction To know the industry practices To understand cutting edge technology in the chosen area To learn emerging trends in research by undergoing internship at academic institutes of National

Importance and research laboratories Methodology

To identify industries/ academic institutes of National Importance /research laboratoriesoffering internship by Training and Placement Office

To identify industries offering internship by students in consultation with the Internship Coordinator (Faculty) and Training and Placement Office

During summer vacation (not more than 3 months) To submit a report based on the work done during internship to the Internship Coordinator

Outcomes:

Exposure to industry practices / Exposure to research at academic institutes of National Importance and research laboratories

Strengthened institute-industry relationship Bridging academic knowledge with industry input

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ELECTIVES FOR SEMESTER I EC651 ESTIMATION AND DETECTION THEORY

Credits: 3 Objectives: The purpose of the course:

Concerned with the processing of information bearing signals for the purpose of making inferences about the information that they contain.

Provide an introduction to the fundamental theoretical principles underlying the development and analysis of techniques for such processing.

Suitable for research students in communications, control, signal processing, and related areas. Unit 1: Course introduction Notation, review of joint and conditional probability concepts, review of random variables

Unit 2: A mathematical model for hypothesis testing Neyman-Pearson hypothesis testing, Bayesian and Mini-max hypothesis testing

Unit 3: Detection of deterministic signals in noise Composite hypothesis testing, Detection of deterministic signals with unknown parameters in noise, Performance evaluation of signal detection procedures, Sequential detection, Nonparametric and robust detection

Unit 4: Estimation Theory Bayesian estimation and introduction to non-random parameter estimation, Non-random parameter estimation, The Fisher Information matrix and the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE)

Unit 5: Linear estimation Dynamic parameter estimation and the Kalman- Bucy filter, Wiener-Kolmogorov filtering, Signal detection in continuous time Outcomes:

Understanding the information present in the signal Understanding fundamental theoretical principles underlying the development and analysis of

techniques for such processing Evaluation Guidelines:


1. S. Kay, Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing Volume I: Estimation Theory, Prentice Hall of Signal Processing-series, 1993

2. S. Kay, Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing Volume II: Detection Theory, Prentice Hall of Signal Processing-series, 1998

References: 1. H. Vincent Poor, An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation, Second Edition, Springer-

Verlag, 2013. 2. Whalen, Detection of Signals in Noise, Second Edition, Academic Press, 1995. 3. Shanmugan, Random Signals: Detection, Estimation, and Data Analysis. 4. Gibson and Melsa, Introduction to Nonparametric Detection with Applications, 5. Kailath, Sayed, Hassibi, Linear Estimation

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EC653 INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING Credits: 3

Objectives: To understand about Information and its measurement To know the various source coding schemes To know the concept of Channel capacity for both discrete and continuous channels andShannon’s

theorems To gain knowledge about Rate distortion theory and its applications

Unit 1: Information and Sources Zero Memory sources‐ Concepts of entropy‐Extension of a Zero memory source‐Markov information sources‐ Entropy calculation ‐ Entropy of a discrete Random variable‐ Joint, conditional and relative entropy‐Mutual Information and conditional mutual information.

Unit 2: Source Coding Uniquely decodable codes‐ Instantaneous codes‐ Kraft’s inequality– McMillan’s inequality‐Average length of a code‐Optimal codes‐ Shannon codes‐Fano codes‐Huffman Coding –Optimality of Huffman Codes‐Lempel Ziv codes‐Shannon’s source coding theorem–Arithmetic coding.

Unit 3: Channel Capacity Properties‐Data transmission over Discrete Memoryless Channels‐Capacity of Binary symmetric and Binary Erasure channels‐Computing channel capacity‐Arimoto‐Blahut algorithm‐Fano’s inequality‐ Shannon’s Channel Coding Theorem

Unit 4: Continuous Sources and Channels Information measure for Continuous sources and channels‐Differential Entropy‐ Joint, relative and conditional differential entropy‐ Mutual information‐ Waveform channels‐ Gaussian channels‐Mutual information and Capacity calculation for Band limited Gaussian channels‐Shannon limit.

Unit 5: Rate Distortion Theory Rate Distortion Function ‐ Properties – Calculation of Rate Distortion Function for binary source Gaussian Outcomes:

Understanding of Information and its measurements Knowledge on various coding schemes Understanding on the channel capacity Understanding of Rate Distortion Theory


20% on Synthesis, 40% on Analysis, and 40% on Conceptual understanding

Text Books: 1. T. Cover and Thomas, “Elements of Information Theory”, John Wiley & Sons 2. Robert Gallager, “Information Theory and Reliable Communication”, John Wiley & Sons.

References:

1. R. J. McEliece, “The theory of information & coding”, Addison Wesley Publishing Co. 2. T. Bergu, “Rate Distortion Theory a Mathematical Basis for Data Compression” PH Inc. 3. Special Issue on Rate Distortion Theory, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,November 1998.

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EC655 PASSIVE MIC Credits: 3

Objectives: To make the students confident in designing M.I.C. components in any planar transmission line and

also to familiarize multi-layer structure. Unit 1: Design Parameters of Planar Transmission Lines Parameters of planar transmission line variants. Static and dynamic analysis methods for microstrip line, coplanar waveguide, coplanar strips, striplines and slot line.

Unit 2: Spectral Domain Methods Spectral domain methods. Formulation of quasistatic and dynamic spectral domain analyses. Galekin’s method.

Unit 3: Hybrid Mode Analysis Hybrid mode analysis. Formulation. Application in planar transmission lines. Characteristic equation. Evaluation of parameters.

Unit 4: Quasi-Static and Full Wave Analysis Coplanar lines, quasi-static and full wave analysis. Design equations. Comparison with microstrip and slot lines.

Unit 5: General Analysis of Coupled Lines General analysis of coupled lines. Design considerations for microstrip lines and coplanar waveguides. Outcomes:

Students will be able toanalyze any planar transmission lines, usage of different planar transmissions lines for various frequencies and for various antennas, appreciate the features of different spectral domain methods, understand the hybrid mode analysis and its application in planar transmission lines and appreciate the design considerations of microstrip and coplanar waveguides.



1. T.Itoh, “Numerical Techniques for Microwave and Millimeter Wave Passive Structures”, John Wiley& Sons, 1989.

2. C.Nguyen, “Analysis Methods for RF, Microwave and Planar Transmission Line Structures”, Wiley, 2000

3. Ramesh Garg, Inder Bahl and Maurizio Bozzi, “Microstrip Lines and Slotlines”, Artech House, Third Edition, 2013.

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EC657 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION AND RADAR PRINCIPLES Credits: 3

Objectives: To analyze and evaluate a satellite link and suggest enhancements to improve the link performance To architect appropriate technologies for implementation of specified satellite communication

systems. To understand the basic RADAR concepts

Unit 1: Orbital Mechanism An overview of satellite communication, Satellite orbits and types of orbits , Kepler’s three laws, Orbit determination, Orbital Elements, Look angle determination, Eclipse effect, Sun transit outage, Placement of a satellite in a geostationary orbit, Station keeping and Stabilization.

Unit 2 Satellite subsystems Attitude and Orbital Control System (AOCS),Telemetry Tracking and Command (TT&C), Power System, Communications System, Space Craft Antennas, Frequency Reuse Antennas. Earth station technology: Earth station configuration, Tracking Telemetry, Direct Broad casting satellites, Home TV systems

Unit 3: Communication link design Basic transmission theory, Friss transmission equation, EIRP, Completion Link design with and without frequency reuse, System noise temperature G/T ratio, Noise figure and Noise temperature.

Unit 4: Mobile satellite systems architecture Satellite packet Communications transmission by FDMA, TDMA, VSAT Networks. Mobile satellite Networks: Operating Environment, MSAT Network Concept, CDMA MSAT Network, Statistics of mobile propagation, GPS

Unit 5: RADAR System and Concepts RADAR - Block diagram - types of RADAR - CW - Doppler - MTI - FMCW - pulsed - tracking RADAR, DSP in RADAR: False alarm and missed detection - RADAR cross section - TR - ATR; Waveform matched filter - matched filtering of moving targets - ambiguity function - pulse burst waveform - COSTAS frequency codes. Outcomes:

Ability to understand and design the radio propagation channel for Earth station to satellite.

Ability to understand the basic concepts of RADAR operation. Evaluation Guidelines:


1. Timothy Pratt and Charles W. Bostain, “Satellite Communications”, 2nd Edition, Wiley, 2012

2. Tri T. Ha, Digital Satellite Communications, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 2009. 3. Merrill I. Skolink, Introduction to Radar Systems, (3/e), Tata MG Graw Hill, 2001 4. Merrill I.Skolnik, Radar Handbook, Third Edition,McGraw-Hill Education, 2008

References:

1. D. Roddy, “Satellite Communication”, 4th Edition (Reprint), McGraw Hill, 2009. 2. P.Z. Peebles, Radar Principles, Wiley, 1998.

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EC659 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY Credits: 3

Objectives: To understand the basics of EMI, study EMI Sources To understand EMI problems, Measurement technique for emission and Measurement technique for

immunity Unit 1: EMI/EMC concepts EMI-EMC definitions and Units of parameters; Sources and victim of EMI; Conducted and Radiated EMI Emission and Susceptibility; Transient EMI, ESD; Radiation Hazards.

Unit 2: EMI coupling principles Conducted, radiated and transient coupling; Common ground impedance coupling; Common mode and ground loop coupling; Differential mode coupling; Near field cable to cable coupling, cross talk; Field to cable coupling; Power mains and Power supply coupling.

Unit 3: EMI control techniques Shielding- Shielding Material-Shielding integrity at discontinuities, Filtering- Characteristics of Filters-Impedance and Lumped element filters-Telephone line filter, Power line filter design, Filter installation and Evaluation, Grounding- Measurement of Ground resistance-system grounding for EMI/EMC-Cable shielded grounding, Bonding, Isolation transformer, Transient suppressors, Cable routing, Signal control. EMI gaskets

Unit 4 EMC design of PCBs EMI Suppression Cables-Absorptive, ribbon cables-Devices-Transient protection hybrid circuits, Component selection and mounting; PCB trace impedance; Routing; Cross talk control Electromagnetic Pulse-Noise from relays and switches, Power distribution decoupling; Zoning; Grounding; VIAs connection; Terminations.

Unit 5 EMI measurements and standards Open area test site; TEM cell; EMI test shielded chamber and shielded ferrite lined anechoic chamber; Tx /Rx Antennas, Sensors, Injectors / Couplers, and coupling factors; EMI Rx and spectrum analyzer; Civilian standards-CISPR, FCC, IEC, EN; Military standards-MIL461E/462. Frequency assignment - spectrum conversation. British VDE standards, Euro norms standards in Japan - comparisons. EN Emission and Susceptibility standards and Specifications. Outcomes:

Students will be able to design a EMI free system , to reduce system level crosstalk , to design high speed Printed Circuit board with minimum interference and to make our world free from unwanted electromagnetic environment



1. Clayton R.Paul,” Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility”, John Wiley Publications, 2008 2. V.P.Kodali, “Engineering EMC Principles, Measurements and Technologies”, IEEE Press,

Newyork, 1996.

References: 1. Henry W.Ott.,”Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems”, A Wiley Inter Science Publications, John Wiley

and Sons, Newyork, 1988. 2. Bemhard Keiser, “Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility”, 3rd Ed, Artech house, Norwood, 1986. 3. Don R.J.White Consultant Incorporate, “Handbook of EMI/EMC”, Vol I-V, 1988

19

EC661 PATTERN RECOGNITION AND MACHINE LEARNING Credits: 3

Objectives: The objective of the course to-

Understand the fundamental concepts, theories, and algorithms for pattern recognition and machine learning, which are used in computer vision, speech recognition, data mining, statistics, information retrieval, and bioinformatics.

Study about the Bayesian decision theory, parametric and non-parametric learning, data clustering, component analysis, boosting techniques, kernel methods and support vector machine, and deep learning with neural networks.

Unit 1: Introduction to Pattern Recognition Bayesian Decision Theory: Bayes rule, discriminant functions, loss functions and Bayesian error analysis; Component Analysis and Dimension Reduction: PCA, face modeling, Fisher Linear Discriminant, Local Linear Embedding (LLE), Intrinsic dimension

Unit 2: Boosting Techniques Perceptron, back propagation and Adaboost, RealBoost and Example on face detection, analysis, logit boost, cascade and decision policy

Unit 3: Non-metric method Decision tree and random forest, Syntactic pattern recognition and example on human parsing; Support vector machine: Kernel-induced feature space, Support vector classifier, Loss functions, Latent SVM

Unit 4: Parametric Learning Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), Sufficient Statistics and Maximum entropy

Unit 5: Non-parametric Learning Parzen window and K-NN classifier, Error analysis, Deep Learning Outcomes:

It provides foundations of Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, which extract useful information for classification and decision making from real-world large-scale data.

Applications to Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Media Processing, and Large-scale Data Processing can be learned.



1. R. Duda, et al. Pattern Classification, John Wiley & Sons, 2001. 2. T. Hastie, et al. The Elements of Statistical Learning, Spinger, 2009.

References:

1. C. Bishop, Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, Springer, 2006

20

EC663 VLSI DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Credits: 3

Objectives: To understand basic concepts of signal processing. To understand VLSI implementation of various processing methodology. To understand signal processing implementation approaches.

Prerequisites

Knowledge of Digital signal processing and VLSI Design Unit 1: Introduction Introduction to Digital Signal Processing Systems. Iteration Bound. Pipelining and Parallel Processing.

Unit 2 Pipelining and Parallel Processing. Pipelining and Parallel Processing, Pipe lining of FIR Digital Filters, Parallel processing for low power, Retiming, Folding and Unfolding.

Unit 3: Architecture Design Systolic Architecture Design, Array Design methodology, Fast convolution, Parallel FIR Filters

Unit 4: Adaptive Filters Pipeline interleaving in Digital Filters, 1st order IIR Digital Filters, Parallel processing of IIR Filters.

Unit 5: Low power design Scaling and Round of Noise. Concepts in Synchronous, Wave, and Asynchronous Pipelines. Low-Power Design. Outcomes:

Ability to understand signal processing elements for 1D and 2D signals. Ability to analyze algorithm design to integrated circuit implementations.



1. VLSI Digital Signal Processing Systems: Design and Implementation, Keshab K. Parhi John Wiley & Sons, 2007

2. FPGA-based Implementation of Signal Processing Systems, Roger Woods, John McAllister, Gaye Lightbody, Ying Y. John Wiley and Sons.

References: 1. Oppenheim A. V., Schaefer R.W.; Discrete time Signal Processing; Prentice-Hall of India, 1989. 2. Proakies, J. G.; Monolakis, D. G.; Digital signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and application

(Third Edition): Prentice-Hall of India, 1996.

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EC665 MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Credits: 3

Objectives: To provide the necessary Mathematical foundation for Communication Engineering To provide a thorough understanding of Linear Algebra, Random Processes and their applications.

Unit 1: Linear Algebra Vector spaces, subspaces, Linear dependence, Basis and Dimension, Inner product spaces, Gram- Schmidt Orthogonalization Procedure, Linear transformations, Kernels and Images, Matrix representation of linear transformation, Change of basis, Eigen values and Eigen vectors of linear operator.

Unit 2: Operations on random variables Multivariate distributions, Independent Random Variables, Marginal and Conditional distributions, Conditional Expectation, Transformation of Random Variables.

Unit 3: Random Processes Markov Chains- Definition, Examples, Transition Probability Matrices of a Markov Chain, Classification of states and chains, Basic limit theorem, Limiting distribution of Markov chains. Continuous Time Markov Chains: General pure Birth processes and Poisson processes, Birth and death processes, Finite state continuous time Markov chains

Unit-4: Stochastic Processes Introduction- Classification of stochastic process, Stationary process (SSS and WSS) Stationary process, Ergodic Process, Independent increment Process, Markov Process, Counting Process, Narrow- Band Process, Normal Process, Wiener-Levy Process, Poisson, Bernoulli, Shot noise Process, Autocorrelation Function.

Unit-5: Second Order Processes Second Order Stochastic Processes, Linear operations and second order calculus, Stationary processes, Wide sense Stationary processes, Spectral density function, Low pass and band pass processes, White noise and white noise integrals, Linear Predictions and Filtering. Outcomes:

Ability to understand Linear Algebra, Random Process and stochastic processes References:

1. Paboulis, Probability, Random variables and Stochastic Processes, Tata McGraw Hill, 1984. 2. S. Kishor, Trivedi, Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing and Computer Science

Application, John Wiley & Sons, 2002.

22

EC667 MARKOV MODELING AND THEORY OF QUEUES Credits: 3

Objectives: To understand the mathematical preliminaries required for the performance modelling of

telecommunication networks. Unit 1: Stochastic Processes Renewal Processes - Reward and Cost Models, Poisson Process; Point Processes; Regenerative Processes; Renewal Theorems

Unit 2: Markov Models Discrete Time Markov Chain - Transition Probabilities, Communication Classes, Irreducible Chains; Continuous Time Markov Chain - Pure-Jump Continuous-Time Chains, Regular Chains, Birth and Death Process, Semi-Markov Processes.

Unit 3: Markov chain Discrete time and continuous time Markov chains- Poisson process - Queuing models for Datagram networks- Little's theorem- M/M/1 queuing systems- M/M/m/m queuing models

Unit 4: Single Class & Multi-class Queuing Networks Simple Markovian queues; M/G/1 queue; G/G/1 queue; Open queuing networks; Closed queuing networks; Mean value analysis; Multi-class traffic model; Service time distributions; BCMP networks; Priority systems.

Unit 5: Time Delays and Blocking in Queuing Networks Time delays in single server queue; Time delays in networks of queues; Types of Blocking; Two finite queues in a closed network; Aggregating Markovian states. Outcomes:

Demonstrate the ability to build simulation model for a queuing system, conduct performance evaluation and present the results in the form of technical reports and oral presentations


20% on Synthesis, 40% on Analysis, and 40% on Conceptual understanding. Text Books

1. D. Bertsekas and R. Gallager, Data Networks, Prentice Hall of India, 2001. 2. Ronald W. Wolff, Stochastic Modeling and The Theory of Queues, Prentice-Hall International, Inc,

1989. References:

1. Peter G. Harrison and Naresh M. Patel, Performance Modeling of Communication Networks and Computer Architectures, Addison-Wesley, 1992.

2. Gary N. Higginbottom, Performance Evaluation of Communication Networks, Artech House, 1998. 3. Anurag Kumar, D. Manjunath, and Joy Kuri, Communication Networking: An Analytical Approach,

Morgan Kaufman Publ. 2004. 4. Ross, K.W., Multiservice Loss Models for Broadband Telecommunication Networks, Springer-

Verlag, 1995. 5. Walrand, J., An Introduction to Queueing Networks, Prentice Hall, 1988.

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EC669 SPREAD SPECTRUM AND CDMA SYSTEMS Credits: 3

Objectives: To justify the need for spread spectrum systems over narrow band systems and to Study different

spreading sequences and assesses their correlation properties Unit 1: Fundamentals of Spread Spectrum Introduction to spread spectrum communication, direct sequence spread spectrum, frequency-hop spread spectrum system. Spreading sequences- maximal-length sequences, gold codes, Walsh orthogonal codes- properties and generation of sequences. Synchronization and Tracking: delay lock and tau-dither loops, coarse synchronization- principles of serial search and match filter techniques.

Unit 2: Performance Analysis of SS system Performance of spread spectrum system in jamming environments- Barrage noise jamming, partial band jamming pulsed noise jamming and single tone jamming. Error probability of DS-CDMA system under AWGN and fading channels, RAKE receiver

Unit 3: Capacity and Coverage Basics of spread spectrum multiple access in cellular environments, reverse Link power control, multiple cell pilot tracking, soft and hard handoffs, cell coverage issues with hard and soft handoff, spread spectrum multiple access outage, outage with imperfect power control, Erlang capacity of forward and reverse links.

Unit 4: Multiuser detection Multi-user Detection -MF detector, decorrelating detector, MMSE detector. Interference Cancellation: successive, Parallel Interference Cancellation, performance analysis of multiuser detectors and interference cancellers.

Unit 5: CDMA Systems General aspects of CDMA cellular systems, IS-95 standard, Downlink and uplink, Evolution to Third Generation systems, WCDMA and CDMA-2000 standards, Principles of Multicarrier communication, MCCDMA and MC-DS-CDMA – Evolution to 4G – LTE- VoLTE Outcomes:

Desire to explore new developments in various spread spectrum technologies so as to enable design and development of spread spectrum systems.



1. R. L. Peterson, R. Ziemer and D. Borth, “Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communications,” Prentice Hall, 1995.

2. A. J. Viterbi, “CDMA - Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications,” Addison-Wesley, 1997. 3. S. Verdu, “ Multiuser Detection” , Cambridge University Press- 1998 4. M. K. Simon, J. K. Omura, R. A. Scholts and B. K. Levitt, “ Spread Spectrum Communications

Handbook”, McGraw- Hill, Newyork-1994 5. Cooper and McGillem, “Modern Communications and Spread Spectrum” McGraw- Hill, 1985. 6. J. G. Proakis, “Digital Communications,” McGraw Hill, 4th ed. 7. S. Glisic and B. Vucetic, “Spread Spectrum CDMA Systems for Wireless Communications,” Artech

House, 1997

24

EC671 RF CIRCUIT DESIGN Credits: 3

Objectives To build the basic electromagnetic concepts and create interests in the area of RF Circuit design and

RF wave propagation To familiarize with the RF components and design techniques of filters, amplifiers and oscillators

Unit 1: Introduction to RF Circuit Design Importance of RF design, Electromagnetic Spectrum, RF behavior of passive components, Chip components and Circuit Board considerations, Scattering Parameters, Smith Chart and applications.

Unit 2: RF Filter Design Overview, Basic resonator and filter configuration, Special filter realizations, Filter implementations, Coupled filter.

Unit 3: Active RF Components & Applications RF diodes, BJT, RF FETs, High electron mobility transistors: Matching and Biasing Networks - Impedance matching using discrete components, Micro-strip line matching networks, Amplifier classes of operation and biasing networks.

Unit 4: RF Amplifier Design Characteristics, Amplifier power relations, Stability considerations, Constant gain circles, Constant VSWR circles, Low Noise circuits, Broadband, high power and multistage amplifiers.

Unit 5: Oscillators, Mixers and Applications Basic Oscillator model, High frequency oscillator configuration, Basic characteristics of Mixers - Phase Locked Loops - RF directional couplers and hybrid couplers -Detector and demodulator circuits. Outcomes:

Ability to understand the basic principles of RF circuit design. Ability to design RF filters, amplifiers and oscillators.



1. Reinhold Ludwig and G. Bogdanov, RF Circuit Design: Theory and Applications, Pearson Education Asia, Second Edition, 2008.

2. Joseph . J. Carr, Secrets of RF Circuit Design, McGraw Hill Publishers, Third Edition, 2000. 3. Mathew M. Radmanesh, Radio Frequency 8 Microwave Electronics, Pearson Education Asia,

Second Edition, 2002. References:

1. Ulrich L. Rohde and David P. NewKirk, RF / Microwave Circuit Design, John Wiley 8 Sons USA 2000.

2. Roland E. Best, Phase - Locked Loops: Design, simulation and applications, McGraw Hill Publishers 5th edition 2003.

25

EC673 ANTENNA THEORY AND DESIGN Credits: 3

Objectives: To make the students familiarize with Antenna concepts advanced antennas, arrays, and antenna

measurements. Unit 1: Fundamental Concepts Physical concept of radiation, Antenna parameters: Radiation pattern, directivity and gain, efficiency, effective aperture, Polarization, input impedance, Friss transmission equation.

Unit 2: Antenna Synthesis and Continuous Sources Continuous sources, Schelkunoff Polynomial method, Fourier Transform method, Woodward-Lawson Method, Taylor Line-Source – Tschebyscheff-Error – One-parameter, Amplitude distributions, Phase distributions, Continuous aperture sources.

Unit 3: Antenna Arrays Arrays of point sources, pattern multiplication, Analysis of uniformly spaced arrays with uniform and non-uniform excitation amplitudes, concept of phased array, synthesis of binomial and Dolph-Chebyshev arrays, synthesis of antenna arrays using Schelkunoff polynomial method.

Unit 4: Microstrip Antennas and Broadband Antennas: Basic characteristics, feeding methods, methods of analysis, design of rectangular and circular patch antennas. Broadband Antennas: Log-periodic and Yagi antennas, frequency independent antennas, broadcast antennas.

Unit 5: Antenna Measurements Antenna Ranges, Radiation Patterns, Gain Measurements, Directivity Measurements, Radiation Efficiency, Impedance Measurements, Current Measurements, Polarization Measurements, Scale Model Measurements. Outcomes: Students will be able to

understand the fundamental parameters of an antenna design antenna arrays understand the mechanism of radiation from various antennas understand the procedure of measurement of various antenna parameters



1. Balanis, “Antenna Theory”, 3rd edition, Wiley Publishers, 2012. 2. R.E. Collin, “Antennas and Radio Wave Propagation”, McGraw - Hill, 1985. 3. W.L. Stutzman & G.A. Thiele : Antenna Theory and Design, 3rd edition, Wiley Publishers, 2012 4. Randy Bancroft, “Microstrip and Printed Antenna Design”, Institution of Engineering and

Technology, 2009. References:

1. K.F. Lee, Principles of Antenna Theory, Wiley, 1984. 2. Frederick Emmons Terman, Electronic Radio Engineering (4/e). McGraw Hill. 3. J.R. James et. al, Microstrip Antenna Theory and Design, IEE, 1981.

26

EC675 ADVANCED IMAGE PROCESSING Credits: 3

Objectives: To discuss advanced topics in image processing and analysis that build on the introduction course. To teach participants about scientific methodology which includes reading of scientific publications

and book chapters, summarizing the contents, developing strategies to implement the algorithms, and finally presenting the theory, tests and applications to the audience.

Unit 1:Introduction Introduction: Feature Detection and Characterization, Notion of Scale Space, Gaussian Derivatives, Differential Invariant Structure; Nonlinear Scale Space: Anisotropic Diffusion, Diffusion of Higher Order Derivatives

Unit 2: Shape Analysis Shape Analysis: Fundamentals in Shape Analysis, Moment Invariants; Contour-based Invariants: Active Shape Models (ASM), Active Appearance Models (AAM); Elliptical Harmonics; Medial Axis Representation

Unit 3:Segmentation Object Segmentation: Generalized Hough Transform, 3D Deformable Models, Snakes, Level set evolution, Others (Normalized Graph Cuts, etc.)

Unit 4:Registration Image Registration, Registration, techniques, application

Unit 5:Implementation Shape Analysis, Segmentation, Registration Outcomes:

To enable participants to implement solutions for complex image processing problems. To enable participants to better understand novel, advanced methodology that is discussed in the

image processing and image analysis literature. To enable participants to teach image processing materials to the group by preparing and presenting

a class lecture. Evaluation Guidelines:

20% on Synthesis, 40% on Analysis, and 40% on Conceptual understanding. Projects will be done by individuals on topics assigned approximately every 2-3 weeks by the instructor (i.e. there will be approximately 5-6 projects). Projects will require submission of the project code and findings in an html format (in a directory readable by a web browser). Project programming will be done in either MATLAB (the basic package | no extra toolkits) or C++ using the Vispack library for image I/O and basic image operations.Project reports need to be sufficiently detailed and structured to give reader full information about theory, approach, implementation, results, and eventual difficulties and limitations. Text Books:

1. Anil K. Jain, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Prentice Hall, 1989. 2. Rafael C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods, and Addison-Wesley, Digital Image Processing, 2nd

edition, PHI, 2002. 3. William K. Pratt, Digital Image Processing, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 3rd edition, 2001.

References: 1. Scott E. Umbaugh, Computer Imaging: Digital Image Analysis and Processing, CRC Press, 2005.

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EC677 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MICROWAVES Credits: 3

Objectives: To understand the biological effects of microwaves To understand the microwave heating principle To know radiation hazards and standards.

Unit 1: FundamentalsofElectromagnetics

RFandMicrowave Frequency - Ranges - Fields -Electromagnetics, RF and MicrowaveEnergy -Penetration in

Biological Tissues and Skin Effect - Relaxation, Resonance and Display – DielectricMeasurements -

Exposure

Unit 2: RF/MicrowaveInteractionMechanismsin BiologicalMaterials

Bioelectricity - Tissue Characterization - Ionization and Nonionization - Dielectric Characterization -

Dielectric Dispersion in Tissues - Conductivity - Permittivity - Measurements

Unit 3: Biological Effects

Absorption - Nervous System - Cells and Membranes - Molecular Level - Low-Level Exposure andELF

Components - Ear, Eye, and Heart - Influence of Drugs - Non-thermal, Micro-thermal, andIsothermal

Effects - Epidemiology Studies - Interferences - Radiation Hazards and Exposure Standards

Unit 4: Microwave Heating

Heating Principle - Foundations of Dielectric Heating Principle - Microwave Dielectric Heating -

Foundation of Inductive Heating Principle - Method of Thermometry

Unit 5: Radiation Hazards and ExposureStandards

U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Regulations - Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE) standard -Canada’s Safety Code 6 Regulations - International Council on Non-Ionizing Radiation

Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines

Outcomes: Students will be able to

be aware of the biological effects of microwaves understand the microwave heating principle analyze radiation hazards and standards.



1. Andre Vander Vorst, Arye Rosen, YoujiKotsuka, “RF/Microwave Interaction with Biological Tissues”, John Wiley & Sons, 2006

2. Jorge Gasos, P Stavroulakis, “Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields”, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003

References: 1. O.P.Gandhi, “Biological Effects and Medical Applications of Electromagnetic Energy”, 1990. 2. O.P.Gandhi, “Microwave Engineering and Applications”, Pergamon Press, 1989

28

ELECTIVES FOR SEMESTER II EC652 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS


To understand the concept of optical networks in optical communication systems. Moreover, Control and management, network survivability, optical TDM and CDM networks are discussed as well.

Unit 1: Introduction to Optical Networks Telecommunications Network Architecture, Services, Circuit Switching and Packet Switching, Optical Networks, The Optical Layer, Transparency and All Optical Networks, Optical Packet Switching, Transmission Basics, Network Evolution.

Unit 2: Enabling Technologies Building Blocks of Optical Fiber, Optical Transmission in Fiber Optical Transmitters, Optical Receivers and Filters, Optical Amplifiers, Switching Elements, Wavelength Conversion, Designing WDM networks, Experimental WDM Lightwave Networks.

Unit 3: WDM Network Elements and Design Optical Line Terminals, Optical Line Amplifiers, Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers, Optical Crossconnects, Cost Trade–offs, LTD and RWA Problems, Dimensioning Wavelength Routing Networks, Statistical Dimensioning Models, Maximum Load Dimensioning Models, Passive Optical Networks (PONs)

Unit 4: Free Space Optics and Optical Networks Introduction to Free Space Optics, Fundamentals of FSO Technology, Factors Affecting FSO, Integration of FSO in Optical Networks, The FSO Market. Optical TDM Networks, Optical CDM Networks

Unit 5: Protection, Control and Management Protection in SONET/SDH, Protection in IP Networks, Optical Layer Protection Schemes. Network Management Functions, Optical Layer Services and Interfacing, Layers within the Optical Layer, Multivendor Interoperability, Performance and Fault Management, Configuration Management, Optical Safety. Outcomes:

Ability to identify, formulate and solve optical communication networks related problems using efficient technical approaches. Ability to design optical networks as well as to interpret statistical and physical data. Ability to design and implement WDM networks.


20% on Synthesis, 40% on Analysis, and 40% on Conceptual understanding Text Books:

1. Ramaswami Rajiv, Kumar N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Elsevier(2004).

2. Willebrand Heinz, Ghuman Baksheesh. S., Free Space Optics: Enabling Optical Connectivity in Today’s Networks, Sams (2001).

3. Mukherjee, Biswanath, Optical WDM Networks, Springer (2006).

References: 1. Murthy, C. Siva Ram, Mohan Gurusamy, WDM Optical Networks: Concepts, Design, and Algorithms, Prentice Hall of

India (2001). 2. Maier, Marti, Optical Switching Networks, Cambridge University Press (2008). 3. Sivalingam, Krishna M., Subramaniam, Suresh, Emerging Optical Networks Technologies: Architectures, Protocols, and

Performance, Springer (2004).

29

EC654 REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN


To understand the basic concepts of embedded system For understanding of different types of programming languages used for embedded systems. To

Study of ARM based processors Unit 1: Introduction to Embedded Systems Background and History of embedded systems, Definition and Classification, Programming languages for embedded systems: Desirable characteristics of programming languages for embedded systems, Low-level versus high-level languages, Main language implementation issues: control, typing. Major programming languages for embedded systems. Embedded Systems on a Chip (SoC) and the use of VLSI designed circuits.

Unit 2: ARM Processor Fundamentals ARM core data flow model, Architecture, ARM General purpose Register set and GPIO’s, CPSR, Pipeline, Exceptions, Interrupts, Vector Table, ARM processors family, ARM instruction set and Thumb Instruction set. ARM programming in Assembly, in C and C++ Instruction Scheduling, Conditional Execution, Looping Constructs, Bit Manipulation, Exception and Interrupt Handling.

Unit 3: Advanced Embedded Systems Architectures Features of Arduino Microcontroller, Architecture of Arduino, Different boards of Arduino. Fundamental of Arduino Programming, in built functions and libraries. Serial Communication between Arduino hardware and PC and Arduino Interrupt Programming. Experimental embedded platform like Raspberry Pi.

Unit 4: Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS) Architecture of an RTOS, Important features of Linux, Locks and Semaphores, Operating System Timers and Interrupts, Exceptions, Tasks: Introduction, Defining a task, Task states and scheduling, Task structures, Synchronization, Communication and concurrency, Kernel objects: Semaphores, Queues.

Unit 5: Case Study Calculator – System Specification – Calculator IO Interface – Design of Calculating Engine – Building Calculator Software – Calculator Program – Completing the calculator System. Outcomes:

Understanding of Embedded system, programming, Embedded Systems on a Chip (SoC) and the use of VLSI designed circuits.

Understanding of internal Architecture and programming of ARM processor. Programming concepts of Arduino Microcontroller with various interfaces like memory & I/O

devices and Raspberry Pi based embedded platform. Evaluation Guidelines:

20% on Synthesis, 40% on Analysis, and 40% on Conceptual understanding Text Books:

1. Raj Kamal, Embedded System Architecture, Programming and Design, Tata McGraw Hill, (2004). 2. Heath, S., Embedded Systems Design, Elsevier Science (2003). 3. Andrew N. Sloss, ARM System Developer’s Guide Designing and Optimizing System Software,

Morgan Kaufman Publication (2010).

30

EC656 THEORY OF ERROR CONTROL CODING Credits: 3

Objectives: Apply the knowledge of Galois Field arithmetic in analyzing cyclic codes. Analyze encoder and

efficient decoder algorithms for convolution codes. Explore efficient design methods and the powerful soft iterative decoding techniques for high capacity codes like LDPC codes and Turbo codes.

Unit 1: Finite Field Arithmetic Introduction, Groups- Rings- Fields- Arithmetic of Galois Field- Integer Ring- Polynomial Rings- Polynomials and Euclidean algorithm, primitive elements, Construction and basic properties of Finite Fields- Computations using Galois Field arithmetic- sub fields- Minimal polynomial and conjugates- Vector space- Vector Subspace- Linear independence.

Unit 2 : Linear Block Codes Linear Block codes- Properties- Minimum Distance- Error detection and correction- Standard Array and Syndrome decoding- Hamming codes- Perfect and Quasi-perfect codes- Extended codes- Hadamard codes.

Unit 3: Cyclic Codes Basic theory of Cyclic codes- Generator and Parity check matrices - Cyclic encoders- Error detection & correction- decoding of cyclic codes- Cyclic Hamming codes- Binary Golay codes- BCH codes- Decoding of BCH codes-The Berlekamp- Massey decoding algorithm. Reed Solomon codes- Generalized Reed Solomon codes- MDS codes.

Unit 4: Convolutional Codes Generator matrices and encoding- state, tree and trellis diagram- Transfer function -- Maximum Likelihood decoding Hard versus Soft decision decoding- The Viterbi Algorithm- Free distance- Catastrophic encoders.

Unit 5:Soft Decision and Iterative Decoding Soft decision Viterbi algorithm- Two way APP decoding- Low density parity check codes- Turbo codes- Turbo decoding Outcomes:

Design and implement channel encoder and decoder in hardware/ software to meet the required error performance in present day communication applications. Analyze the performance of the developed codes considering constraints on resources and provide innovative solutions.



1. Shu Lin and Daniel. J. Costello Jr., “Error Control Coding: Fundamentals and applications”, Second Edition Prentice Hall Inc, 2004.

2. R.E. Blahut, “Theory and Practice of Error Control Coding”, MGH 1983. 3. W.C. Huffman and Vera Pless, “Fundamentals of Error correcting codes”, Cambridge University

Press, 2003. 4. Ron M. Roth “Introduction to Coding Theory” Cambridge University Press, 2006 5. Elwyn R. Berlekamp, “Algebraic Coding Theory”,McGawHill Book Company, 1984

31

EC658 COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS Credits: 3

Objectives: To make the students familiarize with methods of solving equations in electromagnetic theory and

application and its implementation using computers. Unit 1: Overview of different methods Finite Difference Method; Finite Element Method; TLM Method; Integral Equation Method; Moment Methods and Galerkin’s Method; Mode-Matching Method

Unit 2: Overview of different methods Part - 2 Transverse Resonance Technique; Method of Lines; Generalized Scattering Matrix Method; Spectral Domain Method; Equivalent Waveguide Method; Planar Circuit Model

Unit 3: Analytical Methods Separation of Variables; Separation of Variables in different Coordinates; Separation of Variables in Cylindrical Coordinates for Laplace’s Equation and Wave Equation; Orthogonal Functions; Series Expansion for Poisson’s Equation in a Cube / Cylinder and Strip Transmission Line.

Unit 4: Finite Element Method Solutions of Laplace’s Equation, Poisson’s Equation and Wave Equation; Automatic Mesh Generation – Rectangular Domains and Arbitrary Domains; Bandwidth Reduction; Higher Order Elements; Three-Dimensional Elements; FEM for Exterior Problems

Unit 5: Planar Circuit Analysis Green’s function Approach, Impedance Green’s functions, Contour Integral Approach, Analysis of planar components of composite configurations, Planar circuit with Anisotropic Spacing Media, Applications of the Planar Circuit Concept. Outcomes: Students will be able to

Understand the different methods in solving electromagnetic problems Write programs Laplace’s Equation, Poisson’s Equation and Wave Equation.



1. T.Itoh, “Numerical Techniques for Microwave and Millimeter-wave Passive Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, 1989.

2. Matthew N. O. Sadiku, “Numerical Techniques in Electromagnetics”, CRC Press, 2nd Edition, 2001

32

EC660 ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALS Credits: 3

Objectives: To understand the principles of Metamaterials and use the same in the design of Metamaterial

components for the usage at high frequencies. Unit 1: Fundamentals of LH MTMs Introduction - Definition of Metamaterials (MTMs) and Left-Handed (LH) MTMs - Theoretical Speculation by Viktor Veselago - Experimental Demonstration of Left-Handedness - “Conventional” Backward Waves and Novelty of LH MTMs -Terminology - Transmission Line (TL) Approach - Composite Right/Left- Handed (CRLH) MTMs -MTMs and Photonic Band-Gap (PBG) Structures. - Left-Handedness from Maxwell’s Equations - Boundary Conditions - Reversal of Doppler Effect - Reversal of Vavilov- Cerenkov Radiation - Reversal of Snell’s Law: Negative Refraction.

Unit 2: TL Theory of MTMs Ideal Homogeneous CRLH TLs: Fundamental TL Characteristics - Equivalent MTM Constitutive Parameters - Balanced and Unbalanced Resonances - Lossy Case; LC Network Implementation: Principle - Difference with Conventional Filters - Transmission Matrix Analysis - Input Impedance Cut-off Frequencies – Real Distributed 1D CRLH Structures: General Design Guidelines - Microstrip Implementation - Parameters Extraction - Experimental Transmission Characteristics - Conversion from Transmission Line to Constitutive Parameters.

Unit 3: Two-Dimensional MTMs Principle of the TMM - Scattering Parameters - Voltage and Current Distributions - Interest and Limitations of the TMM; Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) Modelling Method: TLM Modelling of the Unloaded TL Host Network - TLM Modelling of the Loaded TL Host Network (CRLH) - Relationship between Material Properties and the TLM Model Parameters -Suitability of the TLM Approach for MTMs; Negative Refractive Index (NRI) Effects: Negative Phase Velocity - Negative Refraction - Negative Focusing.

Unit 4: Guided-Wave Applications Dual-Band Components: Dual-Band Property of CRLH TLs - Quarter- Wavelength TL and Stubs – Passive Component Examples: Quadrature Hybrid and Wilkinson Power Divider - Enhanced-Bandwidth Components: Principle of Bandwidth Enhancement - Rat-Race Coupler Example.

Unit 5: Coupled-Line Couplers and Radiated-Wave Applications Tight Edge-Coupled Coupled-Line Couplers (CLCs): Generalities on Coupled-Line Couplers - TEM and Quasi-TEM Symmetric Coupled-Line Structures with Small Interspacing: Impedance Coupling (IC) - Non- TEM Symmetric Coupled-Line Structures with Relatively Large Spacing: Phase Coupling (PC) - Summary on Symmetric Coupled-Line Structures - Asymmetric Coupled-Line Structures -Advantages of MTM Couplers - Symmetric Impedance Coupler - Radiated-Wave Applications and examples - Uniform and Periodic Leaky-Wave Structures - “Real-Artificial” Materials: the Challenge of Homogenization – Special Topics of Interest. Outcomes:

Students will be able tounderstand the principles of Metamaterials and understand the theory of Transmission line theory of Metamaterials.



1. Christophe Caloz, Tatsuo Itoh,“Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Transmission Line Theory and Microwave Applications” by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2006.

References: 1. Recent relevant research papers

33

EC662 ADVANCED VLSI DESIGN Credits: 3

Objectives: To understand different CMOS logic families and their circuit layout. To understand various VLSI design methodologies To impart the fundamentals of data transmission, encoding, multiplexing

Prerequisites Knowledge of VLSI Design Unit 1: Introduction Review of MOS transistor models. CMOS logic families including static, dynamic and dual rail logic.

Unit 2: IC Design Integrated Circuit Layout: Design Rules, Parasitic, Building blocks: ALU's, FIFO's, counters.

Unit 3: Design Methodology Design methodology: Introduction to hardware description languages (VHDL), logic, circuit and layout verification. Design examples.

Unit 4: VHDL Basic concepts of hardware description languages. Hierarchy, Concurrency, Logic and Delay modeling. Structural, Data-flow and Behavioural styles of hardware description. Architecture of event driven simulators. Syntax and Semantics of VHDL.

Unit 5: Verilog Syntax and Semantics of Verilog. Variable types, arrays and tables. Operators, expressions and signal assignments. Modules, nets and registers, Concurrent and sequential constructs. Tasks and functions, Examples of design using Verilog. Synthesis of logic from hardware description. Outcomes:

Ability to understand the VLSI design and methodologies Ability to analyze IC Circuits and their layouts and fabrication basics



1. Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Addison Wesley N. Weste and K. Eshranghia Addison Wesley. 1985 2. VHDL,Z. Navabi, McGraw Hill International Ed. 1998 3. Verilog HDL: A Guide to Digital Design and Synthesis, S. Palnitkar, "Prentice Hall NJ, USA),1996

References:

1. Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective, J. Rabaey, Prentice Hall India, 1997 2. VHDL Primer, J.Bhaskar, Pearson Education Asia,2001

34

EC664 WAVELET SIGNAL PROCESSING Credits: 3

Objectives: Wavelets have established themselves as an important tool in modern signal processing as well as in

applied mathematics. The objective of this course is to establish the theory necessary to understand and use wavelets and related constructions.

Unit 1: Introduction and background Why wavelets, filter banks, and multiresolution analysis? Signal spaces and operators; review of Fourier theory; multi-rate signal processing; time-frequency analysis.

Unit 2:Discrete-time bases and filter banks Series expansions of discrete-time signals; analysis and design of filter banks; orthogonal and biorthogonal filter banks; tree-structured filter banks; discrete wavelet transform.

Unit 3: Continuous-time bases and wavelets Multiresolution analysis; iterated filter banks; wavelets and filter banks; wavelet series and its properties; regularity and approximation properties.

Unit 4: Over complete expansions and continuous transforms Frame theory; oversampled filter banks; continuous wavelet and short-time Fourier transforms.

Unit 5: Advanced topics Sparse representation; linear and nonlinear approximation in various bases; nonlinear signal estimation; multidimensional filter banks and wavelets; multiscale geometric signal processing; compressed sensing. Applications: speech, audio, image and video compression; de-noising; feature extraction; inverse problems. Outcomes:

This provides a coherent set of mathematical methods that are adapted to the study of a variety of nonstationary signals and are also suitable for efficient algorithmic implementation

This course will provide an introduction to the theory of wavelets and its applications in mathematics and signal processing.



1. M. Vetterli and J. Kovacevic, Wavelets and Subband Coding, Prentice Hall, 1995. 2. M. Vetterli, J. Kovacevic, and V. K. Goyal, The World of Fourier and Wavelets: Theory, Algorithms

and Applications, 2008 References:

1. S. Mallat, A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing, Academic Press, Second Edition, 1999. 2. G. Strang and T. Q. Nguyen, Wavelets and Filter Banks, Wellesley-Cambridge Press, Revised

Edition, 1998. 3. P. P. Vaidyanathan, Multirate Systems and Filter Banks, Prentice Hall, 1993. 4. Daubechies, Ten Lectures on Wavelets, SIAM, 1992.

35

EC666 SMART ANTENNA Credits: 3

Objectives: The objective of this course is to provide an in-depth knowledge of smart antenna operation and

applications in modern wireless communications. Unit 1: Introduction Antenna Basics, Phased array antenna, power pattern, fixed beam steering, degree of freedom, adaptive antennas, Principles of Random Variables and Processes, Propagation channel characteristics.

Unit 2: Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications Need for Smart Antennas, Smart Antenna Configurations, Switched-Beam Antennas, Adaptive Antenna Approach, Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Architecture of a Smart Antenna System, Receiver, Transmitter, Benefits and Drawbacks, Mutual Coupling Effects, Wideband Smart Antennas, Diversity Techniques, Multiple Input- Multiple Output (MIMO) Communications Systems, MIMO for frequency selective scenarios.

Unit 3: DOA Estimation Fundamentals Introduction, Array Response Vector, Received Signal Model, The Subspace Based Data Model, Conventional DOA Estimation Methods, Conventional Beam forming Method, Capon’s Minimum Variance Method, Linear prediction DOA estimate, Maximum entropy AOA estimate, Subspace Approach to DOA Estimation, The MUSIC Algorithm, Root-MUSIC AOA estimate, The ESPRIT Algorithm, Uniqueness of DOA Estimates.

Unit 4: Beam forming Fundamentals Fixed Weight Beam forming Basics, Maximum signal-to-interference ratio, Minimum mean-square error Maximum likelihood, Direct Matrix Inversion (DMI), Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV). Adaptive Algorithms for Adaptive Beam forming: Least mean squares, Sample matrix inversion, Recursive least squares, Constant modulus, Least squares constant modulus, Conjugate gradient method.

Unit 5: Space-Time Processing Introduction, Discrete Space–Time Channel and Signal Models, Space–Time Beam forming, Inter symbol and Co-Channel Suppression, ISI Suppression, CCI Suppression, Joint ISI and CCI Suppression, Space–Time Processing for DS-CDMA, Capacity and Data Rates in MIMO Systems. Outcomes:

Students will be able to understand the characteristics of SMART antenna, understand DOA estimation principles, understand beam forming techniques and understand space-time processing



1. Rappaport, T. S., and Liberti, J. C., “Smart Antennas for Wireless Communication”, Prentice Hall, 1999.

2. Balanis, C.A., Ioannides, P. I., “Introduction to Smart Antennas” Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2007.

References: 1. Gross, F. B., “Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications” McGraw Hill 2005. 2. M.J. Bronzel, Smart Antennas, John Wiley, 2004.

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EC668 CMOS MIXED SIGNAL CIRCUIT DESIGN Credits: 3

Objectives: To understand basic analog and digital circuits. To understand VLSI implementation mixed signal circuits methodology.

Prerequisites Knowledge of Analog VLSI Design and Digital Signal Processing Unit 1: Introduction Filters, Fourier Transform, Sampling and aliasing, Decimation, sample and hold circuits, track and hold, interpolation, k-path sampling

Unit 2 Analog Filters Low pass filters, Active RC Integrators, MOSFET- C integrators, Transconductor integrators, Discrete time integrators, Filtering topologies

Unit 3: Digital Filters Spice models for DAC and ADC, Ideal ADC, Sinc-shaped digital filters, Band pass and high pass sinc filters, interpolation using sinc filters.

Unit 4: Data converter Quantization Noise, SNR, data converter design, passive noise shaping, improving SNR and linearity

Unit 5: Noise shaping data converters and PLL First order noise shaping, Basics of PLL, Analog PLL, Digital PLL Outcomes:

Ability to understand mixed signal circuits Ability to analyze and implement mixed signal algorithm



1. CMOS mixed-signal circuit design by R. Jacob Baker Wiley India, IEEE press, reprint 2008. 2. CMOS circuit design, layout and simulation by R. Jacob Baker Revised second edition, IEEE press,

2008.

References: 1. Design of Analog CMOS integrated circuits by BehadRazavi McGraw-Hill, 2003.

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EC670 WEATHER AND CLIMATE Credit: 3

Objective: To introduce the importance of weather and Climate in a multi-disciplinary perspective

Unit 1:Earth’s atmosphere Overview of the earth’s atmosphere - vertical structure of the atmosphere - weather and climate. Warming the earth and the atmosphere; temperature and heat transfer - Absorption, emission and equilibrium - Ozone and the ozone hole: their influence in climate change - seasons.

Unit 2: Air temperature Warming and cooling air near the ground - applications of temperature data - measurement of temperature. Humidity, condensation and clouds: Circulation or water in the Atmosphere - Evaporation, Condensation and Saturation - humidity -vapor Pressure - relative humidity - dew Point. Measuring humidity - dew and frost - fog - foggy weather - cloud classification - clouds with vertical development.

Unit 3: Cloud development and precipitation Atmospheric stability - Cloud development and stability - precipitation processes; precipitation types - measurement of precipitation. Air pressure and winds: Atmospheric pressure - Why the wind blows? - surface winds - Winds and vertical motion - major wind patterns and ocean currents, monsoons, local circulations, scales of motion - El Nino.

Unit 4: Numerical Weather Predictions Numerical Weather Prediction: computational instability, filtering of sound and gravity waves, filtered forecast equations, barotropic and equivalent barotropic models, two parameter baroclinic model, relaxation method. Multi-layer primitive equation models. Short, medium and long range weather prediction. Objective analysis; Initialization of the data for use in weather prediction models; data assimilation techniques, application of satellite in NWP (Numerical Weather Prediction) and remotely sensed data.

Unit 5:Global climate and Climate Change Global temperature and precipitation patterns, climates of the world - Climate Change - Climate of the past, natural causes of climate change, global warming. Indian Climate - Temperature, rainfall and monsoon trends in India Outcomes:

Ability to understand the changes in the parameters of atmosphere Ability to understand global and Indian climate



1. Ahrens, C. D., Meteorology Today, 11th edition, Cengage, 2015 2. Pruppacher, H. R. and Klett, I. D., Microphysics of clouds and precipitation, Kluwer Academic

Publications, 2000. 3. Jean Coiffier, Fundamentals of Numerical weather Prediction, Cambridge University Press, 2011.

References:

1. Krishnamurti, T.N., L. Stetanova, V. Misra, Tropical Meteorology: An Introduction, Springer, 2013. 2. ITU-R, “Attenuation Due to Clouds and Fog,” Propagation in Non-Ionized Media, Rec. P.840-6,

Geneva, 2013.

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EC672 BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING Credit: 3

Pre-Requisites:

Theory: Signals and Systems,

Familiarity with basic definition of probability

Familiarity with MATLAB

Objective:

This course emphasis on fundamentals of digital signal processing and problems in biomedical

research and clinical medicine, which includes principles and algorithms for processing both

deterministic and random signals.

The aim of the course is a series of labs that provide practical experience in processing physiological

data, with examples from cardiology, speech processing, and medical imaging.

Unit 1: Biomedical Signals and Images ECG - Speech Signals - Speech Coding - Imaging Modalities - X-ray – MRI – fMRI - Fundus Image

Unit 2: Fundamentals of Deterministic Signal and Image Processing Data Acquisition - Digital Filtering - DTFT -DFT - Image Processing

Unit 3: Probability and Random Signals PDFs Classification: Bayes' rule - detection, PCA – EVD – SVD – ICA

Unit 4: Analysis of signal Waveform analysis, Frequency domain analysis

Unit 5: Laboratory Projects, Tools: MATLAB 1. ECG Filtering and Frequency Analysis of the Electro-gram Design filter to remove noise from

electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and then design a system to detect life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.

The detector is tested on normal and abnormal ECG signals.

2. Speech Coding Implement, test, and compare two speech analysis-synthesis systems. These systems

utilize a pitch detector and a speech synthesizer based on the source-filter model of speech production.

3. Image Segmentation Process clinical MRI scans of the human brain to reduce noise, label tissue types,

extract brain contours, and visualize 3-D anatomical structures.

4. Image Registration Explore the co-registration of medical images, focusing on 2-D to 2-D (slice to slice)

registration and using non-linear optimization methods to maximize various measures of image alignment.

5. ECG: Blind Source Separation Separate fetal and maternal ECG signals using techniques based on

second- and higher-order statistical methods. Techniques include Wiener filtering, principal component

analysis, and independent component analysis.

Outcomes:

After studying this course student will learn about the biomedical signals and the method for

processing them for the wellbeing of the human being.

Students will learn more about the signal processing tools.

Evaluation Guidelines: 20% on Synthesis, 40% on Analysis, and 40% on Conceptual understanding.

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Text Books: 1. Clifford, G., F. Azuajae, and P. McSharry, “Advanced Methods and Tools for ECG Data Analysis”,

Norwood, MA: Artech House, 2006, ISBN: 9871580539661.

2. Rabiner, L. R., and R. W. Schafer, “Digital Processing of Speech Signals” Upper Saddle River, NJ:

Prentice-Hall, 1978, ISBN: 9780132136037.

3. Gonzalez, R., and R. E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing” 2nd edition Upper Saddle River, NJ:

Prentice-Hall, 2002, ISBN: 9780201180756.

4. Epstein, C. L., “Mathematics of Medical Imaging”, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003,

ISBN: 9780130675484.

References: 1. Webb, S., “The Physics of Medical Imaging”, New York, NY: Taylor & Francis, 1988, ISBN:

9780852743492.

2. Westbrook, C., C. Kaut Roth, and T. Talbot, “MRI in Practice”, 3rd edition Malden, MA: Blackwell

Science, Inc., 2005, ISBN: 9781405127875

3. Macovski, A., “Medical Imaging Systems”, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1983, ISBN:

9780135726853

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EC674 BIO-MEMS Credits: 3

Objectives: To train the students in the design aspects of Bio MEMS devices and Systems.

To make the students aware of applications in various medical specialists especially the Comparison of conventions methods and Bio MEMS usage.

Unit 1 Introduction-The driving force behind Biomedical Applications - Biocompatibility - Reliability Considerations-Regularity Considerations - Organizations - Education of Bio MEMS-Silicon Micro fabrication-Soft Fabrication techniques

Unit 2 Micro fluidic Principles- Introduction-Transport Processes- Electro kinetic Phenomena-Micro valves -Micro mixers- Micro pumps.

Unit 3 Sensor Principles and Micro Sensors: Introduction-Fabrication-Basic Sensors-Optical fibers-Piezo electricity and SAW devices-Electrochemical detection-Applications in Medicine

Unit 4 Micro Actuators and Drug Delivery: Introduction-Activation Methods-Micro actuators for Micro fluidics-equivalent circuit representation-Drug Delivery

Unit 5 Micro Total Analysis: Lab on Chip-Capillary Electrophoresis Arrays-cell, molecule and Particle Handling-Surface Modification-Microsphere-Cell based Bioassay Systems Detection and Measurement Methods-Emerging Bio MEMS Technology-Packaging, Power, Data and RF Safety-Biocompatibility, Standards. Outcomes: Student will be able to

learn and realize the MEMS applications in Bio Medical Engineering understand the Micro fluidic Principles and study its applications. learn the applications of Sensors in Health Engineering. learn the principles of Micro Actuators and Drug Delivery system learn the principles and applications of Micro Total Analysis



1. Steven S. Saliterman, Fundamentals of Bio MEMS and Medical Micro devices, Wiley Interscience, 2006.

References: 1. Albert Folch , Introduction to Bio MEMS, CRC Press, 2012 2. Gerald A. Urban, Bio MEMS, Springer, 2006 3. Wanjunwang, steven A. Soper, Bio MEMS, 2006. 4. M. J. Madou, "Fundamental of Micro fabrication", 2002. 5. G.T. A. Kovacs, "Micro machined Transducers Sourcebook", 1998. 6. Recent literature in Bio MEMS.

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EC676 SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE TECHNOLOGY: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Credits: 3

Objectives:

To make the students familiar with Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Technology with emphasis on Circuits Analysis, Design and Layout of SIW components.

Unit 1 Introduction: Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technology, SIW Circuits Composed of Metallic Posts, SIW Circuits with Dielectric Posts.

Unit 2 A typical SIW circuit and its equivalent problem, Field expressions, Boundary conditions, Z- matrix, S-matrix Sub-ports combination Modeling of losses.

Unit 3 Even-Odd Mode Analysis of a Symmetrical Circuit, Half circuit with PMC symmetry wall, half circuit with PEC symmetry wall, Microstrip or planar transmission line to SIW Transition and Half Mode SIW.

Unit 4 Substrate Integrated Circuits (SICs) and components, Filters, couplers Mixers, Amplifiers and SIW antennas.

Unit 5 Numerical Technique for SIW analysis: Methods of line. Outcomes:

The knowledge gained will make the students employable in all the corporate and R&D sections deals with Microwave Integrated Circuits.

Text Books:

1. Xuan Hui Wu, Ahmed Kishk, Analysis and Design of Substrate Integrated Waveguide Using Efficient 2D Hybrid Method.

2. P. Arcioni, Roselli, Rogier, A. Georgiadis Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and Systems: Emerging Design, Technologies and Applications, 2nd Edition, Publishedby John Wiley & Sons

राीय ौोिगक संथा नपुदुेरीnitpy.ac.in/assets/pdfs/sylabus/2018/MTECH_ECE_CURRICULUM_SYLLABUS.pdfTo design and implement a DSP system using tools

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