A–8879 Sub. Code 4BBC3C1

sp5

A–8879

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER 2019

Third Semester

Biochemistry

ENZYMOLOGY

(CBCS – 2014 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10 2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1. What are enzymes?

ö|õvPÒ GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

2. Define specific activity of enzymes.

ö|õvPÐøh¯ SÔ¨¤mh ö\¯À£õkPÒ Gß£uøÚ Áøμ¯Ö.

3. Write a brief note on proximity effect.

¤μõU]ªmi ÂøÍÄ £ØÔ _¸UP©õP GÊxP.

4. What are coenzymes? Give examples.

xøn ö|õvPÒ GßÓõÀ GßÚ? Euõμn[PÒ u¸P.

5. Define enzyme inhibition.

ö|õv uk¨¦ Gß£uøÚ Áøμ¯Ö.

6. What is enzyme catalysis?

ö|õv ÂøÚzyshÀ GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

Sub. Code 4BBC3C1

A–8879

2

sp5 7. Define the term centrifugation.

ö\ßm›¦÷Påß Gß£uøÚ Áøμ¯Ö.

8. What is isoelectric pH?

I÷\õ G»Um›U pH GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

9. Write briefly about lactase.

»õU÷hì £ØÔ _¸UP©õP GÊxP.

10. Write any two role of proteases in textile industry.

BøhPÒ EØ£zv öuõÈØ\õø»°À ¦÷μõmj÷¯]Ýøh¯

H÷uÝ® Cμsk £¯ßPøÍ GÊxP.

Part B (5 5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) Discuss about the General characteristics of enzymes.

ö|õvPÎß ö£õx¨ £s¦PÒ £ØÔ ÂÁõv.

Or

(b) Give an account of multi enzyme complexes.

£» ö|õv Tmhø©¨¦PÒ £ØÔ GÊxP.

12. (a) Explain the mechanism of action of lysozyme.

ø»÷\õø\ªß ÂøÚ ÁÈ•øÓPøÍ ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Discuss about covalent catalysis.

÷Põ÷Á»ßm ÂøÚ£õk £ØÔ ÂÁ›.

A–8879

3

sp5 13. (a) Give an account of LB plot.

LB ¤Íõm £ØÔ Â›ÁõÚ ÂÍUP® u¸P.

Or

(b) Discuss about the factors affecting enzyme activity.

ö|õv ÂøÚ°øÚ¨ £õvUS® PõμoPÒ £ØÔ ÂÁ›.

14. (a) Write about the enzyme separation based on solubility precipitation methods.

PøμvÓß Ai¨£øh°À ÃÌ£iÁõuÀ •øÓ°À

ö|õv¨ ¤›zöukzuø»¨ £ØÔ GÊxP.

Or

(b) Describe the homogenization method in enzyme purification.

÷íõ÷©õâøÚ÷\åß •øÓ°À ö|õv

_zu¨£kzxuø» ÂÁ›.

15. (a) Write in detail about diagnostic and therapeutic enzymes.

÷|õÚ PshÔuÀ ©ØÖ® ÷|õÚSn¨£kzxu¼À

ö|õvPÎß £[S £ØÔ ÂÁ›zx GÊxP.

Or

(b) Discuss the enzyme electrodes.

ö|õv G»Um÷μõkPÒ £ØÔ ÂÁ›.

Part C (3 10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. Explain the IUB enzyme classification with examples.

ö|õvPÎß IUB ÁøP¨£õmiøÚ Euõμn[PÐhß ÂÁ›.

A–8879

4

sp5 17. Discuss about the structure and functions of nicotinamide

coenzyme.

{÷PõiÚø©k xøn ö|õv°ß Aø©¨¦ ©ØÖ®

ö\¯ÀPøÍ¨ £ØÔ ÂÁ›.

18. Derive the Michaelis – Menten equation.

ø©Põ¼ì – ö©ßhß \©ß£õmiøÚ u¸Â.

19. Explain the method of enzyme separation by dialysis and ultrafiltration.

h¯õø»]ì ©ØÖ® AÀmμõ ¤Àm÷μåß •øÓ°À ö|õv

¤›zöukzuø» ÂÁ›.

20. Write about the applications of proteases in food, detergent and leather industry.

EnÄ, ÷\õ¨¦ ©ØÖ® ÷uõÀ öuõÈØ\õø»°À ¦÷μõmi÷¯\ì

ö|õvPÎß £¯ß£õkPøÍ¨ £ØÔ GÊxP.

————————

Wk ser

A–8880


Third Semester

Biochemistry

INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM



Part A (10 2 = 20)


1. Write a brief note on amphibolic pathway.

B®¨¤÷£õ¼U ÁÈ•øÓ¨ £ØÔ GÊxP.

2. What is gluconeogenesis?

SÐU÷PõÛ÷¯õ öáÛ]ì GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

3. Define the term bioenergetics.

£÷¯õGÚºöáiUì Gß£uøÚ ÂÁ›.

4. What is substrate level phosphorylation? Give an example.

ÂøÚ£k ö£õ¸Ò AÍÂ»õÚ £õì£õ›÷»åß GßÓõÀ

GßÚ? J¸ Euõμn® u¸P.

5. What are Ketogenic amino acids? Give examples.

Rm÷hõöáÛU Aª÷Úõ Aª»[PÒ GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

Euõμn[PÒ u¸P.

Sub. Code 4BBC3C2

A–8880

2

Wk ser6. Define transamination.

iμõß\õª÷Úåß Áøμ¯Ö.

7. Define the term –oxidation of fatty acids.

öPõÊ¨¦ Aª»[PÒ –BUêá÷ÚØÓ® Gß£uøÚ

Áøμ¯Ö.

8. What are Ketone bodies?

Rm÷hõß £õjì GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

9. Compare nucleosides and nucleotide.

{²UÎ÷¯õø\k ©ØÖ® {²UÎ÷¯õøhk J¨¤kP.

10. What are purine bases?

¤²›U ÷£\ì GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

Part B (5 5 = 25)


11. (a) Discuss in detail about glyoxalate cycle.

QøÍ¯õP\÷»m _ÇØ] £ØÔ Â›ÁõP GÊxP.

Or

(b) What is glycogenesis? Explain it.

QøÍ÷PõöáÛ][ GßÓõÀ GßÚ? AuøÚ ÂÁ›.

12. (a) Give an elaborate note on high energy compounds.

AvP BØÓ¾øh¯ ÷\º©[PÒ £ØÔ Â›ÁõP GÊxP.

Or

(b) Explain the role of ATP/ADP cycle in transfer of high energy phosphate.

AvP BØÓ¾øh¯ £õì÷£m ©õØÓzvÀ H.j.¤/H.i.¤.

_ÇØ]°ß £[QøÚ ÂÁ›.

A–8880

3

Wk ser13. (a) Discuss the metabolism of phenylalanine.

¤øÚÀ A»øÚÛß ÁÍºa]øu ©õØÓzvøÚ ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Write briefly about the metabolism of leucine and lysine.

¼²]ß ©ØÖ® ø»]ß BQ¯ÁØÔß ÁÍº]øu

©õØÓzvøÚ _¸UP©õP GÊxP.

14. (a) Write in detail about –oxidation of fatty acids.

öPõÊ¨¦ Aª»[PÎß –BUêá÷ÚØÓ® £ØÔ

Â›ÁõP GÊxP.

Or

(b) Describe the biosynthesis of triglycerides.

iøμQÎ\øμkPÎß EØ£zv¯õuÀ •øÓ°øÚ ÂÁ›.

15. (a) Explain the catabolism of purine nucleotides.

¤²›ß {²UÎ÷¯õøhkPÎß ]øu©õØÓzvøÚ ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Discuss the catabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides.

¤›ªiß {²UÎ÷¯õøhkPÎß ]øu ©õØÓzvøÚ

ÂÁ›.

Part C (3 10 = 30)


16. Explain the TCA cycle with its regulation.

TCA _ÇØ]°øÚ²® Pmk¨£õmk •øÓPøÍ²® ÂÍUSP.

17. Discuss in detail about electron transport chain.

ªßÞmh ‰»UTÖPÒ ÷£õUSÁμzx G»Umμõß

iμõßì÷£õºm \[Q¼ £ØÔ Â›zx GÊxP.

A–8880

4

Wk ser18. Give an elaborate note on metabolism of glycine, cysteine

and proline.

QøÍ]ß, ]ìjß ©ØÖ® ¦÷μõø»ß BQ¯ÁØÔß ÁÍº]øu

©õØÓzvøÚ Â›ÁõP GÊxP.

19. Write an essay on cholesterol metabolism.

öPõ»ìiμõÀ ÁÍº]øu ©õØÓzvøÚ¨ £ØÔ Pmkøμ GÊxP.

20. Describe the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides.

¤²›ß {²UÎ÷¯õøhkPÒ EØ£zv¯õuø» ÂÁ›.

————————

wk 10

A–8881


Third Semester

Biochemistry

CELL BIOLOGY



Part A (10 2 = 20)


Write a note on :

1. Semi permeable membrane.

AøμU Phzv \ÆÄ.

2. Active transport.

ö\¯£õmk PhzuÀ.

3. Sucidal bag.

uØöPõø» ø£.

4. Power house.

BØÓÀ Ãk.

5. Centromere.

ö\ßm÷μõª¯º.

Sub. Code 4BBC3C3

A–8881

2

Wk 106. Lambrush chromosome.

ÂÍUS y›øP S÷μõ÷©õ÷\õ®.

7. TCA cycle.

i.].H. _ÇØ].

8. M-phase.

G®–{ø».

9. Oncogene.

¦ØÖ ©μ£q.

10. Programmed cell death.

{ºn¯UP£mh ö\À CÓ¨¦.

Part B (5 5 = 25) Answer all questions.

11. (a) Write the characteristic differences between Eukaryote and prokaryote.

³÷P›÷¯õm ©ØÖ® ¦μ÷P›÷¯õmUPÎß £s¦PÎß

÷ÁÖ£õmøh GÊxP.

Or

(b) Write the proximate composition of the cell.

ö\À¼ß BØÓÀ u¸® ‰»UTÖPÒ Tmhø©¨ø£

GÊxP.

12. (a) Explain the structure and functions of ER.

C.Bº.(Gß÷hõ¤ÍõìªU öμmiS»®) –ß Aø©¨¦

©ØÖ® £oPøÍ ÂÍUSP.

Or

(b) Give a note on origin and functions of Lysosome.

ø»÷\õ÷\õªß EØ£zv ©ØÖ® £oPøÍ¨ £ØÔ Jº

SÔ¨¦ GÊxP.

A–8881

3

Wk 1013. (a) Write a note on human karyotype.

©Ûu S÷μõ÷©õ÷\õ®PÒ Aø©¨ø£ £ØÔ Jº SÔ¨¦

GÊxP.

Or

(b) What are the various types of DNA? Write a short note on it.

i.Gß.H UPÎß £À÷ÁÖ ÁøPPÒ ¯õøÁ? Jº ]Ö

SÔ¨¦ GÊxP.

14. (a) What is high energy molecule? Explain.

AvP BØÓÀ ‰»UTÖ ¯õøÁ? ÂÍUSP.

Or

(b) Explain the significance of meiotic divisions.

SßÓÀ ¤›Âß ]Ó¨¦ ußø©PøÍ ÂÍUSP.

15. (a) Give an account on characteristics of cancer cells.

¦ØÖaö\ÀPÎß ö£õx¨ £s¦PÒ £ØÔ Jº Pmkøμ

u¸P.

Or

(b) Write the characteristic features of oncogenes.

¦ØÖ ©μ£qUPÎß C¯À¦ £s¦PøÍ GÊxP.

Part C (3 10 = 30)


16. Describe the fluid mosaic model structure of plasma membrane.

¨Íõì©õ \ÆÃß }º©{ø» ÷u©À ©õv› Aø©¨ø£ ÂÁ›.

A–8881

4

Wk 1017. Explain the structure and functions of mitochondria.

ø©m÷hõPõßi›¯õÂß Aø©¨¦ ©ØÖ® £oPøÍ ÂÍUSP.

18. Give a detailed account on DNA replication.

i.Gß.H Âß Cμmi¨£õuÀ £ØÔ Jº Â›ÁõÚ Pmkøμ u¸P.

19. Describe the Krebs cycle.

QμL¨ì _ÇØ] ÂÁ›UP.

20. Discuss the types and properties of cancer cells.

¦ØÖ ö\ÀPÎß ÁøPPÒ ©ØÖ® ö£õx¨ £s¦PøÍ ÂÁõv.

——————

WK11

A–8884


Fourth Semester

Bio-Chemistry

Elective — BIOTECHNOLOGY



Part A (10 2 = 20)


1. EcoRI

EcoRI

2. BAC

BAC

3. cDNA

c i.Gß.H

4. Tag sequences

÷hU Á›ø\PÒ

5. Biolistics

£÷¯õ¼ìiUì

6. Liposomes

¼¨÷£õ÷\õ®PÒ

Sub. Code 4BBCE1A

A–8884

2

WK117. CDFD

].i.G¨.i

8. Lowry method

»¨› •øÓ

9. Flavr Savr

÷£»Áº ÷\Áº

10. Terminator gene.

öPõÀ¾® ãßPÒ.

Part B (5 5 = 25)


11. (a) Discuss the types of plasmids.

¤Íõìªm ÁøPPøÍ ÂÁõv.

Or

(b) Enumerate the enzymes involved in cloning.

S÷ÍõÛ[QÀ £¯ß£k® ö|õvPÒ £ØÔ £mi¯¼k.

12. (a) Explain RFLP and its uses.

Bº. G¨.GÀ.¤ ÂÁ›zx £¯ßPøÍ ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Write the steps involved in the synthesis of cDNA.

c.i.Gß.H Âøn E¸ÁõUS® •øÓ°øÚ GÊx.

A–8884

3

WK1113. (a) Describe the microinjection technique.

~sF] ~m£ •øÓ°øÚ ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Discuss the process of viral transfection process.

øÁμì ‰»® áús Phzx® •øÓ°øÚ ÂÁõv.

14. (a) Briefly explain quantitative analysis of nucleic acids.

{²UÎU Aª»zvøÚ AÍÂøÚ PnUQk®

•øÓ°øÚ ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) What is RAPD? Enlist its applications.

Bº.H.¤.i GßÓõÀ GßÚ? Auß £¯ßPøÍ £mi¯¼k.

15. (a) Give an account of recombinant blood products.

©ÖCønÄ Cμzu ö£õ¸mPøÍ £ØÔ öuõS¨¦ u¸P.

Or

(b) Briefly explain on advantages of transgenic animals production.

áúß ©õØÓ©øh¢u Â»[SPÒ E¸ÁõUPzvß

£¯ßPøÍ _¸UP©õP ÂÍUS.

Part C (3 10 = 30)


16. Give a detailed account on artificial chromosomes.

ö\¯ØøP S÷μõ÷©õ÷\õ®PøÍ £ØÔ öuõS¨¦ u¸P.

17. Describe the DNA sequencing methods.

i.Gß.H. Á›ø\PøÍ PshÔ²® •øÓPøÍ ÂÁ›.

A–8884

4

WK1118. Explain the Ti plasmid mediated gene transformation.

Ti ¤Íõìªm ‰»® áúß ©õØÓ® £ØÔ ÂÁ›.

19. Write an essay on DNA finger printing technique.

i.Gß.H ÂμÀ uh¯Â¯À •øÓ°øÚ £ØÔ Pmkøμ GÊx.

20. Give a detailed account on production of transgenic food products.

áúß ©õØÓ EnÄ¨ ö£õ¸mPÎß EØ£zv £ØÔ öuõS¨¦

u¸P.

————————

wk 10

A–8885


Fifth Semester

Biochemistry

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY



Part A (10 2 = 20)


1. Z-DNA

Z-DNA.

2. Transformation.

iμõßì£º÷©åß.

3. Okazaki fragment.

JPõ\Q xPÒPÒ.

4. Helicase.

öí¼÷Pì.

5. Shine-Dalgarno sequence.

øíß–hÀPº÷Úõ Á›ø\.

6. Holenzyme.

÷í»õ Gßø\®.

Sub. Code 4BBC5C1

A–8885

2

Wk 107. Wobble hypothesis.

Ä¨¤À ÷Põm£õk.

8. Methylation.

ö©v÷»åß.

9. SOS repair.

SOS \› ö\úÀ.

10. Inducible operon.

ysh¨£k® J£μõß.

Part B (5 5 = 25)


11. (a) Write the different forms of DNA.

i.Gß.H Âß ÁøPPøÍ GÊx.

Or

(b) Describe the importance of repetitive DNA sequence and satellite DNA.

öuõhº¢x Á¸® i.Gß.H. Á›ø\ ©ØÖ® \õmiø»m

i.Gß.Âß •UQ¯zxÁzøu ÂÁ›.

12. (a) Enlist the types of DNA replication.

i.Gß. Cμmizu¼ß ÁøPPøÍ £mi¯¼kP.

Or

(b) Discuss the enzyme involved in DNA replication.

i.Gß.H Cμmizu¼À Dk£k® ö|õvPøÍ ÂÁõv.

A–8885

3

Wk 1013. (a) Write the inhibitors of transcription.

iμõßìQ›¨åß uøh PõμoPøÍ GÊx.

Or

(b) Discuss the factors involved in transcription.

£iö¯kzu¼À Dk£k® PõμoPøÍ ÂÁõv.

14. (a) Describe the types of ribosomes.

øμ÷£õ÷\õ®PÎß ÁøPPøÍ ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Write the types of post translational modification.

¤ß ö©õÈö£¯ºzuvÀ ©õØÓ[PÎß ÁøPPøÍ GÊx.

15. (a) Write a short account on types of mutation.

wjº ©õØÓ ÁøPPøÍ £ØÔ ]Ö SÔ¨¦ GÊx.

Or

(b) Explain the DNA repair mechanism.

i.Gß.H \›ö\úÀ •øÓ°øÚ ÂÍUSP.

Part C (3 10 = 30)


16. Discuss the types of DNA.

Bº.Gß.H Âß ÁøPPøÍ ÂÁõv.

17. Describe DNA replication process in prokaryotes.

¦÷μõ÷P›÷¯õiÀ Põn¨£k® i.Gß.H Cμmizuø» ÂÁ›.

18. Discuss the process of prokaryotic transcription.

¦÷μõ÷P›÷¯õmiß £iö¯kzuø» ÂÁõv.

A–8885

4

Wk 1019. Describe the process of eukaryote translation.

²÷P›÷¯õm ö©õÈö£¯ºzuø» ÂÁ›.

20. Elaborately discuss the tryptophan operon concept.

i›¨h÷£õß J£μõß ÷Põm£õk £ØÔ Â›ÁõP ÂÁõv.

——————

Ws9

A–8886


Fifth Semester

Biochemistry

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY



Part A (10 2 = 20)

Answer ALL questions.

1. Renal threshold.

ŸÚº öuõhUP {ø» AÍÄ

2. Glycosuria

QøÍU÷Põ`›¯õ

3. Tay Sachs disease

÷h–\õa ÷|õ´

4. Gaucher's disease

Põá\º ÷|õ´

5. Urecemia

³›]ª¯õ

6. Proteinuria

¦÷μõmiÝ›¯õ

Sub. Code 4BBC5C2

A–8886

2

Ws9

7. Xanthinuria

\õ¢øuÝ›¯õ

8. Orotic aciduria

K÷μõiU Aª» ]Ö}º.

9. Rheumatoid Arthritis

•hUSÁõu RÀÁõu®

10. Allergents

KÆÁõø© PõμoPÒ.

Part B (5 5 = 25)


11. (a) Write note on GTT.

GTT £ØÔ ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Explain on Hyperglycemia.

øí£ºQøÍ^ª¯õÂøÚ ÂÁ›.

12. (a) Explain the types of Hyperlipoproteinemias.

E¯º öPõÊ¨¦ ¦μu[PøÍ ÁøPPÐhß ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Write note on Fabry's disease.

£õ¨›ì ÷|õ´ £ØÔ GÊxP.

13. (a) Discuss the Homocystenuria.

÷í÷©õ]ìiÝ›¯õ £ØÔ ÂÁõv.

Or

A–8886

3

Ws9

(b) Give an account on inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.

Aª÷Úõ Aª» ÁÍº]øu ©õØÓzvß SøÓ£õkPÐhß

¤Ó¢u SÇ¢øu¨ £ØÔ J¸ Pmkøμ u¸P.

14. (a) Explain the Adenosyl phospho ribosyl transferase deficiency.

Ai÷Úõ]À £õì÷£õ ›÷£õêÀ iμõßì£÷μì

SøÓ£õk £ØÔ ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Explain on Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

½a ø|Pß SøÓ£õk £ØÔ ÂÁ›.

15. (a) Explain the causes of Allergy.

KÆÁõ©¯õÀ HØ£kÁÚÁØøÓ ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Explain the types of Allergy.

JÆÁõ©°ß ÁøPPøÍ ÂÁ›.

Part C (3 10 = 30)


16. Classify the diabetes mellitus in detail.

\ºUPøμ ÷|õø¯ Â›ÁõP ÁøP¨£kzxP.

17. Explain the inborn errors of lipid metabolism.

öPõÊ¨¦PÎß ÁÍº]øu ©õØÓzvÀ Ehß ¤Ó¢u

SøÓ£õkPøÍ ÂÁ›.

18. Discuss the porphyrias in detail.

£õºø£›¯õøÁ Â›ÁõP ÂÁ›.

A–8886

4

Ws9

19. Give a detail account on Gout

öPÍmiøÚ Â›ÁõP ÂÁ›.

20. Explain the types of hypersensitivity in detail

Av EnºvÓøÚ ÁøPPÐhß Â›ÁõP ÂÍUSP.

————————

Ws17

A–8887


Fifth Semester

Biochemistry

Elective– MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY



Part A (10 2 = 20)


1. Virion

Â›¯õß

2. Evkaryota

³÷P›÷¯õmhõ

3. Autotrphs

_¯ ãÂ

4. Log Phase

»õU {ø»

5. Botulism

ö£õmk¼\®

6. Proteolytic bacteria

¦μmi÷¯õø»iU £õUj›¯õ

Sub. Code 4BBCE2A

A–8887

2

Ws 17

7. NK cells.

Gß.÷P.ö\ÀPÒ

8. Hapten

öP¨hß

9. Allergy

JÆÁõø©

10. Auto graft

_¯ Jmk

Part B (5 5 = 25)


11. (a) Write the structural organisation of virus.

øÁμêß J¸[Qøn¢u Aø©¨¤øÚ GÊxP.

Or

(b) How do you identity the gram positive and gram negative bacteria? Explain.

Qμõ® ÷|º•øÚ ©ØÖ® Gvº •øÚ £õUj›¯õUPøÍ

GÆÁõÖ } PshÔÁõ´? ÂÍUSP.

12. (a) What are the different types of nutrition? Explain.

£À÷ÁÖ ÁøP EnÅmh[PÒ ¯õøÁ? ÂÍUSP.

Or

(b) Write the different methods of bacterial reproduction .

£À÷ÁÖ ÁøP¯õÚ £õUj›¯õ CÚ¨ö£¸UP •øÓø¯

GÊxP.

A–8887

3

Ws 17

13. (a) How food are in become to poison? Explain

EnÄ GÆÁõÖ Âå©õP ©õÖQÖx? ÂÍUSP.

Or

(b) Give an account on fermentation on milk products.

ö|õvzuÀ ‰»® QøhUS® £À÷ÁÖ £õÀ

ö£õ¸mPøÍ¨ £ØÔ Kº Pmkøμ u¸P.

14. (a) What are the cells of the immune system? Explain.

÷|õ´ Gvº¨¦ ©sh»zvß £À÷ÁÖ ÁøP ö\ÀPÒ

¯õøÁ? ÂÍUSP.

Or

(b) Give an account the types of immuno diagnostic methods

£» ÁøP ÷|õ´ Gvº¨¦ ©sh» £›÷\õuøÚ

•øÓPøÍ¨ £ØÔ Kº Pmkøμ u¸P.

15. (a) Differentiate classical and alternate pathways.

]Ó¢u ©ØÖ® ©õØÖ ÁÈ ÷|õ´ Gvº¨¦ £õøuPøÍ

÷ÁÖ£kzv PõsP.

Or

(b) What are immuno suppressive agents? Explain.

÷|õ´ Gvº¨¦ ußø© SøÓ¨¦ PõμoPÒ ¯õøÁ?

ÂÍUSP.

Part C (3 10 = 30)


16. Give an account on occurrence and economic importance of yeasts.

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A–8887

4

Ws 17

17. Explain the conjugation mode of bacterial reproduction.

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18. How microbes are used in industries for various application? Explain

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19. Describe the structure of immunoglobulin ‘G’.

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20. Write in detail on the mechanism of graft rejection and tissue typing.

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A–8879 Sub. Code 4BBC3C1

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