A2D Group #4 Chris de Guzman Jon Gonzalez Frank Reed Jr. Paolo Ronquillo
Dec 23, 2015
A2D
Group #4Chris de Guzman
Jon GonzalezFrank Reed Jr.
Paolo Ronquillo
Agenda
• Project introduction and overview• Milestones• Design Approach• Overall Specifications• Sub-System presentation• Administrative• Plans for success• Design Changes• Current status vs. Milestone chart• Questions?
What is it?
• Digital Instrument Cluster• Replacement to a traditional analog cluster• Draws information from various sensors
• Pseudo Heads Up Display• Supplements the main cluster
• Touch Screen Command Center• Menu Driven UI
Goals and Objectives
• The Displays should show typical vehicle data
• Analog Gauges will be replaced with digital representations
• Typical control knobs will be replaced with a touch screen GUI
Design Approach
• Simulation• Modular• Added cost
– Building materials– Sensors
• Real Vehicle• Vehicle Specific• Vehicle houses project
– Risk to Vehicle– Not always available
Design Approach
• 3 Sub-Systems– Tied together by a main controller housing the
simulation program– Allows independent development
• Each sub-system is developed individually• Minimizes dependencies between systems• Project can continue to progress despite delays in other
systems
– Poses challenge of combining Systems
Physical Simulation of the A2D
• The simulation of the dash board will be in a 4’ wide x 4’ tall x 2’ deep wooden box.
Locks and
windowsLocks and
windows
Gas pedal
DPR
Trans box
Rear camera
Touch screen
HUD
Specifications
• The system shall be powered by a 12v battery.• The instrument cluster, HUD and touch screen shall
have a 120 ° viewing angle.• The instrument cluster and touch screen shall be able
to be viewed at 30 inches• The Ambient Temp sensor shall operate at a ±2.0°C
accuracy.• The Compass field range shall be of at least ±2.0 gauss.• Occupant detection sensor Shall operate when no less
than 10lbs. of force is detected.
Overall BD
Car data controller
LCD
Sensor controller
Touch screen MCU
TS Display
Gas pedal
Rear camera
12v PS
regulator
TS controller
Sensors
DESIGN & COMPONENT DECISION A) Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
Kinds of TPMS Sensor
Direct Indirect
Employs physical pressure sensors + RF Technology
Software Realized – Wheel speed sensors
Sensors are fitted at the back-end of valve stems
Fitted in the ABS or Electronic Stability System
Battery-powered (need maintenance) Connected to vehicle’s power source
No calibration required Must calibrate every change
A2D chose Direct sensors
DESIGN & COMPONENT DECISION Battery-powered Battery-less
Most common New technology
Battery Designed to last7-10 yrs.
Maintenance free
A2D chose battery-powered
Real Automotive TPMS Simulation
Expensive Relatively cheaper
Technical information is scarce Information available
A2D chose Simulation
B) Outside Temperature Sensing System
Schematic
DESIGN & COMPONENT DECISION
TMP100 DS1822
Digital12-bits user selectable
55°C to +125°C(-67°F to +257°F)±2.0°C accuracy
ADC/Logic Control included
I²C two-wire serial interface 1-wire interface
SOT23-6 surface mount packaging
TO-92 through-hole mount packaging
A2D chose either TMP100 or DS1822
Analog Digital
Cost ~ $1 Cost ~ $5 (free-TI)
Need external components External components integrated
A2D chose Digital
C) Compass
hSchematic
HMC10022-Axis Magnetic Sensor
Comparison of Function
Gyrocompass Magnetic compass
Finds the “true North” Magnetic north
Far less susceptible to external magnetic fields
Some intelligent ICs have hard-iron & soft-iron code
A2D chose Magnetic Compass
1-Axis 2-Axis 3-Axis
M field sensing / latch / switch
Compass Compass w/ tilt(ie airplanes)
A2D chose 2-Axis
Honeywell HMC63522-Axis Magnetic Sensor Schematic
D) Power Locking Mechanism
6 Types of Door Lock Actuators
• Single wire systems• 3 Wire Negative• 3 Wire Positive• 4 Wire Reversal• 5 Wire Alternating +12V DC• Vacuum Type door lock types.
The more wires there are, the more complicated a system can be. Power Lock mechanism systems depends on the manufacturer’s design and features. Every systems is made up of actuators and relay switches.
D) Power Locking Mechanism
6 Types of Door Lock Actuators
• Single wire systems• 3 Wire Negative• 3 Wire Positive• 4 Wire Reversal• 5 Wire Alternating +12V DC• Vacuum Type door lock types.
The more wires there are, the more complicated a system can be. Power Lock mechanism systems depends on the manufacturer’s design and features. Every systems is made up of actuators and relay switches.
For simplicity
E) Vehicle Restraint System
DELPHI PODS SYSTEM
Parts of Vehicle Restraint System1) Seatbelt sensor
2)Occupant Detection sensor
Delphi Hamlin
Low cost and better performanceStable performance over wide range of temperature and
humidityShort development cycle
Uses reed, hall-effect and microswitch technology
Delphi TI Freescale
Fluid-filled bladders + IR sensors
Piezo-resistive strain gauges
Electric field imaging
Parts of Vehicle Restraint System1) Seatbelt sensor
• Reed Switch & Magnets
2) Occupant Detection sensor
• Flex Sensor
Project Successes
Sensor Systems
• Most sensors are on-hand or in order• Microprocessor and development board/emulator are on
hand• Started writing codes for sensors
Project difficulties
- Integrating all sensors in to one Microprocessor
- Lack of technical information about actual Automotive sensor systems
- Sensor systems from manufacturers are EOL/Out of stock/ not available for consumer use.
- Pressure sensor design on TPMS- mounting on tire valve
Optical Design
Heads up Display
• Easier said than done!• Dual HUD/PMD design• Swiveling mirror• Easy to read• Doesn’t distract driver
LCD vs. Projector
4.06”
1.97”
0.59”
LCD vs. Projector
9/19/10
• More COST EFFECTIVE• Better suited for our space
constraints• Easier to program for our
purposes
4.06”
1.97”
0.59”
Optical Design
LCD
Lenses
Reflective film
Plexiglas
Digital IC “PMD”
Mirror
IMAGE
Cluster mode
• Image viewed directly in mirror
• Very sharp image
48”
36”
Side View
Rotator
“HUD”
LCD
Digital IC “PMD”
Reflective film
Plexiglas
Lenses
Mirror
IMAGE
Side View
“HUD” mode
• Image projected onto ‘windshield’
• Clear image, a bit larger due to distance
48”
36”
Optical Design
Rotator
“HUD”
Lenses
• Thin lens combination
9/19/10
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Note: Not to scale
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Lenses
• Thor labs• Bi-convex spherical lenses
– Focal length : TBD– Uncoated– Cost: ~30/lens
9/19/10
Optical Successes and Difficulties
• Success– Resolved conflicting ideas on HUD, finalized design
• Difficulties– Prototyping without having to buy parts– Reflective film– Focal Length
Touch Screen
Touch ScreenComponent decisions
• 4-wire vs Capacitive• Don’t include displays• Touch display module• 4-Wire was chosen for cost and availability
• LCD vs OLED• OLED was chosen• Built in touch screen + TS controller• MCU for graphics processing
• FPGA vs MCU• MCU chosen• Experience + Arduino IDE
Arduino DuemilanoveFor prototyping with the ATMEGA328
distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and are available on the Arduino Web site
Pin Mapping ATMEGA328
distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and are available on the Arduino Web site
Capturing Touch
• distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and are available on the Arduino Web site
Images to The Screen
Touch Screen GUI
Temperature Sub-Menu
Touch Screen Block Diagram
ATMega328
OLED
ATMega25604-Wire TS
SensorInputs
FansWindows
User Input
5VStep Down
Voltage
Touch display Schematicspower
Touch display Schematics
System Success to date
• Development has begun on the ATMega328• Familiarity with Arduino IDE• All Parts have been ordered• Menu systems have been designed
What’s left?
• Prototyping• Interfacing with Sensors• Testing• Final PCB design
Instrument Cluster Design
Design Flow of the Instrument Cluster
PIC18F4500
Graphic TFT LCD
Sensor MCU Gas Pedal
Schematic of the Instrument Cluster4.7kΩ
+5v Vccreset
0.1uf
10Ω10Ω10Ω
+3.2v Vcc
+1.8v Vcc
+3.2v Vcc
+5v Vcc
0.1uf
+5v Vcc0.1uf
Sensor Controller
Gas Pedal
Program Flow DiagramInit PIC
Init LCD
Display background
image on LCD
Data from sensor MCU
Update image on LCD
Gas pedal
Why choose PIC18F4550?
• Quick table to compare researched MCU’s.PIC ATMEL ARM
Architecture 8 bit 8 bit 32 bitInternal and
external oscillatoryes yes yes
Analog to digital yes Yes YesDigital to analog yes Yes Yes
I/O pins 35 32 35+Low power modes Yes Yes Yes
pins 40 40 64Flash memory 32K bytes 8K bytes 32K bytes+
eeprom 256 bytes 256 bytes 256 bytes +sram 2048 bytes No 2048 bytes +
MSSP I2C, SPI I2C I2C, SPICompiler C, MPLab Own sofware JTag
Price of chip $4.47(sample free) $3.53 >5Price of
development board$47 $94 $105
How do u program the PIC and LCD?• Using the MPLAB IDE with the C18 compiler.
Graphic Instrument Cluster Design
• Background of the Instrument Cluster is a Static image
• The Dynamic part will be:– Color bars– Speed– Ambient temp.– Seatbelt icon– D P R
EGNTemp
H
C
Oil
Gas
F
E
RPMx1000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 8 6 7 4 5 . 8
AMBTEMP
MPH
45 45
D P R
Problems Occurring
• No previous work on the PIC with our LCD• Had to find a PIC18F4550 example and a
CFAF176220M example and figure out how they worked.
• Will have to display it horizontally reversed.• Testing the Cluster is work in progress at the
moment.
Project Success
• Working examples on developing tools.• Full schematic is drawn.• Instrument Cluster design is completed.
Budget - ComponentsQty Item Cost
1 3.5” OLED display + 3.5” 4-wire resistive Touch Screen + ATMEGA 2560
graphics processor
170.00
1 TI ADS7846 Controller FREE
1 PN CFAF176220M-TController/LCD combo
$28.10
1 ATMEL ATA5276IC XMITTER TPM
$4.95
1 ATMEL ATA5745IC RX UHF
$3.48
1 ATMEL ATA6612MCU W/ LIN
FREE
1 TI TMP100 Temp Sensor FREE
1 Honeywell HMC10222-Axis Magnetic Sensor
FREE
1 PIC18F4550 FREE
1 ATMega 328 MCU Samples FREE
1 20M Hz crystal $0.28
Budget – Testing/Development
Qty Item Cost
1 Pickit2 + Dev Board $60.00
1 1995 850 Volvo Instrument Cluster $10.50
1 arduino duemilanove (Dev board for ATMega328 MCu)
$28.45
Qty Item Cost
1 Plastic Cluster $15.50
2 Spray Paint Can $2.07
1 Simulation Box $88.00
1 LEDs $7
2 Blank PCBs $3
1 A/C fans $4
switch/buttons $2
1 Black and white Board Cameraw/ standard lens 92 deg
$15.18
1 gas pedal $5
1 door actuator $10
1 Misc- A/D Conv/ MCU/wires/resistors/capacitors/inductors/soldering materials
FREE
2 Lenses ~ $60
9/19/10
Budget - Other
Budget
• Budgeted: $460.00• Total to date: $517.51
• Discrepancy due to failure to account for development tools (dev boards)
• Initial design lacked lenses.
9/19/10
Progress MadeSUBSYSTEM PERCENT DONE %
RESEARCHPARTS
ACQUIRED DESIGN PROTOTYPE TESTINGHUD/Display 85 90 30 40 10Touch screen 86 75 65 44 20Simulation 95 80 60 45 20
Sensor 87 50 60 40 10AVERAGE (%) 88.25 73.75 53.75 42.25 15
PROJECT MILESTONE
Proposed Project MilestoneMay 2010
As of September 2010
Path Forward – Plans for Success
• Get data from sensor MCU onto LCD screen• Dynamic components of cluster working• Consult optical advisor and obtain correct lenses
prototype• Test each sensor system individually, make sure they
work integrate into system• Create PCB designs
Questions?