A14.3 Heritage Assessment

Document Reference No. A14/3

Transport and Works Act 1992 Blackpool Tramway (Blackpool North Extension) Order Heritage Assessment

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Transport and Works Act 1992 Blackpool Tramway (Blackpool North Extension) Order

Contents

Executive Summary 1

1. Introduction 2

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Scheme Background 2

1.3 Aims and Objectives 3

1.4 Report Structure 3

2. Regulatory Background 4

2.1 Legislation 4

2.2 National Planning Policy 4

2.3 Local Planning Policy 7

2.4 Historic England Guidance 9

3. The Site and Proposed Scheme 10

3.1 Site Location 10

3.2 Proposed Scheme 10

4. Assessment Methods 12

4.1 Introduction 12

4.2 Study Area 12

4.3 Determining the Baseline 12

4.4 Consultation 13

4.5 Assessing Significance 14

4.6 Assessing Impacts 14

5. Baseline Conditions 15

5.1 Overview 15

5.2 Built Heritage 15

5.3 Non-Designated Assets 21

5.4 Statement of significance 27

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6. Potential Impacts 28

7. Summary 30

8. References 32

Appendices Appendix A: Figures Appendix B: Gazetteer of Heritage Assets Appendix C: Consultation Responses Appendix D: Site Visit Photographs

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List of Acronyms DCLG Department of Communities and Local Government HER Historic Environment Record mAOD Metres Above Ordnance Datum NGR National Grid Reference NHLE National Heritage List for England NPPF National Planning Policy Framework OLE Overhead Line Equipment OS Ordnance Survey PPG Planning Practice Guidance TWAO Transport Works Act Order

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Limitations

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The conclusions and recommendations contained in this Report are based upon information provided by others and upon the assumption that all relevant information has been provided by those parties from whom it has been requested and that such information is accurate. Information obtained by AECOM has not been independently verified by AECOM, unless otherwise stated in the Report.

The methodology adopted and the sources of information used by AECOM in providing its services are outlined in this Report. The work described in this Report was undertaken between January 2016 and June 2016 and is based on the conditions encountered and the information available during the said period of time. The scope of this Report and the services are accordingly factually limited by these circumstances.

Where assessments of works or costs identified in this Report are made, such assessments are based upon the information available at the time and where appropriate are subject to further investigations or information which may become available.

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Executive Summary

Blackpool Borough Council proposes to submit an application for a Transport and Works Act Order (TWAO) to authorise an extension to the existing Blackpool tramway system between the North Pier and Blackpool North railway station (National Grid Reference 330585/ 436398 to 331017/ 436589).

This report comprises a Heritage Assessment of the proposed Blackpool Tramway (Blackpool North Extension) (the ‘Proposed Scheme’) which has been prepared for submission with the TWAO application.

The following conclusions can be made with regards to heritage within the TWAO application site (the ‘Site’) and as a result of the Proposed Scheme:

• The reinstatement of trams as part of the Proposed Scheme is beneficial to the town and would enhance the heritage of the area by providing a link to the heyday years of Blackpool when trams last traversed the same route;

• The Proposed Scheme will not physically harm the significance of the listed or locally listed buildings within the Site, as there will be no physical alteration to them;

• The proposed additional signage, signalled junctions, OLE, pedestrian crossings and associated traffic management will lead to additional visual clutter within the Study Area, which could detract from the overall experience of the Town Centre Conservation Area. However, it is important to note that Talbot Square is an area that is constantly evolving and junctions have previously been changed and upgraded. The design intent is to combine OLE, street lighting and illuminations and re-use existing column positions wherever practicable to minimise clutter and change to vistas;

• The loss of public realm in Talbot Square will diminish the experience of Talbot Square as a historic square and the focal point of the historic development of Blackpool; however, the Square has been subject to many changes since it was first laid out. Both historically and currently the Square has been dominated by road and tramway infrastructure. The Proposed Scheme will provide an area of public realm within the footprint of the square, on the northern side of the proposed new tramway, and as such it will not be completely lost;

• The assessment has had due regard to the legislative requirements of the Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 section 72 and has found that the Town Centre Conservation Area will be impacted by the Proposed Scheme;

• The assessment has also had regard to National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) Chapter 12, specifically paragraphs 132 – 134 and 137, and has found that there will be less than substantial harm to the significance and setting of the Town Centre Conservation Area; and

• The promoted scheme has the potential to impact upon below-ground heritage assets; however, this impact is reduced by the disturbance caused by previous modern disturbance and development and by the low potential for archaeology to be located here in the first instance. The potential for impacts upon below-ground heritage assets from the promoted scheme is therefore assessed as low to negligible.

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1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 The Blackpool Tramway Extension to North Station is a proposal to deliver a new section of tramway between the existing Blackpool to Fleetwood Tramway and Blackpool North railway station.

1.1.2 This Heritage Statement has been prepared in support of a Transport and Works Act Order (TWAO) Application for the necessary powers to construct, maintain and operate the Blackpool Tramway (Blackpool North Extension). This application is promoted by Blackpool Borough Council.

1.2 Scheme Background

1.2.1 The Blackpool and Fleetwood Tramway underwent a successful major programme of improvements in the four years to 2012, including improvements to tramway and highway as well as new a new fleet of tram vehicles and depot. Since re-opening, tramway patronage has increased in line with expectations and in 2015 the tramway had its most successful year since the re-opening, in terms of patronage and revenue.

1.2.2 Currently, interchange between Blackpool North railway station, and the tram requires a transfer on foot of around 600 metres (m). As a result, tram is not an obvious or attractive way to travel to or from the station. Blackpool North is the town’s key rail hub, offering a range of frequent direct services and connections to interchange opportunities. Blackpool South and Blackpool Pleasure Beach railway stations, on a different line, presently offer a more limited service.

1.2.3 The result is a lack of integration between the tram system – which moves people around economically important destinations in Blackpool – and the rail system – which allows rail access to tourism, jobs and services in Blackpool from the rest of the UK, and access to jobs and services in the rest of the UK (particularly Preston and Lancashire) from Blackpool.

1.2.4 The promoted Scheme will bring tram services to Blackpool North railway station. It comprises a 550 m twin track extension of the tramway from the Promenade, through Talbot Square and along Talbot Road terminating at a new tram stop forming part of the planned redevelopment of the current Wilko store site. The terminus would be at the same level as the Blackpool North concourse, with access to the station being through an improved underpass, which is located to the south west of the station entrance. Regular tram services would be introduced from Blackpool North to the south and north of the town, supplementing the current tramway service.

1.2.5 Improving the connectivity between tram and rail services will, in particular, improve three movements of particular importance to the economy of Blackpool and the wider region:

• Inward movement of tourists to Blackpool from regional and national origins; • The two-way movement of local residents between the North West and Blackpool

for work, leisure and services; and • The internal movement of people between jobs, services and residential areas

within Blackpool.

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1.3 Aims and Objectives

1.3.1 This Heritage Assessment has been prepared in accordance with the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG), 2012) and the accompanying on-line Planning Practice Guidance (PPG), (DCLG, 2014).

1.3.2 The aim of the assessment is to determine the potential impacts of the Proposed Scheme on heritage assets. The objectives of the assessment are to:

• Identify the heritage assets with the potential to experience impacts from the Proposed Scheme;

• Describe the significance and the contribution made by the setting of the identified heritage assets;

• Identify areas of archaeological potential along the route of the Proposed Scheme; and

• Assess the impact of the Proposed Scheme on the heritage resource.

1.4 Report Structure

1.4.1 The report is structured as follows:

Section Title Description

Section 1 Introduction -

Section 2 Regulatory Background

Provides an overview of legislation and planning policy relevant to the assessment of heritage assets.

Section 3 The Site and Proposed Scheme

Provides a description of the Site and the Proposed Scheme.

Section 4 Assessment Methods

Outlines the assessment methods used to undertake the assessment.

Section 5 Baseline Conditions

Describes the history of the Site and the heritage assets identified within the Study Area.

Section 6 Potential Impacts Provides an assessment of the potential impacts of the Proposed Scheme on heritage assets and their setting.

Section 7 Summary Provides a summary of the findings of the Heritage Assessment.

Section 8 References Lists the references cited within the report.

APPENDIX A Figures Contains the figures which support the Heritage Assessment.

APPENDIX B Gazetteer of Heritage Assets

Contains a list of the heritage assets identified within the Study Area.

APPENDIX C Consultation Responses

Contains a copy of the consultation responses received on heritage issues.

APPENDIX D Site Visit Photographs

A selection of photographs from the site visit to the Study Area.

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2. Regulatory Background

2.1 Legislation

2.1.1 The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (the Act) sets out the principal statutory instruments which must be considered in the determination of any application affecting either listed buildings or Conservation Areas.

2.1.2 Section 66 of the Act states that in considering whether to grant planning permission for development which affects a listed building or its setting, the local planning authority or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State shall have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses. By virtue of Section 1(5) of the Act, a listed building includes any object or structure within its curtilage.

2.1.3 Section 69 enables Local Planning Authorities to designate Conservation Areas. Conservation areas are those areas of special architectural or historic interest the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance. Section 72 requires that in the exercise of planning duties special attention shall be paid to the desirability of preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of Conservation Areas.

2.2 National Planning Policy

National Planning Policy Framework

2.2.1 The NPPF was published on 27th March 2012 (Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG), 2012). The NPPF aims to make the planning system less complex and more accessible, as well as protecting the environment and promoting sustainable growth.

2.2.2 The conservation of heritage assets, in a manner appropriate to their significance, forms an important part of the NPPF and is one of the twelve core planning principles that underpins plan-making and decision-taking in England (Paragraph 17). Another of the core planning principles stated in the NPPF is to “always seek to secure high quality design and a good standard of amenity for all existing and future occupants of land and buildings”.

Chapter 7 of the NPPF sets out the key considerations in relation to requiring good design. It states that planning policies and decisions should aim to ensure that developments “respond to local character and history, and reflect the identity of local surroundings and materials, while not preventing or discouraging appropriate innovation” (para. 58); however, it continues to state that it is proper to seek to promote or reinforce local distinctiveness (para. 60). Paragraph 61 states that, “planning policies and decisions should address the connections between people and places and the integration of new development into the natural, built and historic environment”. Paragraph 64 adds that, “permission should be refused for development of poor design that fails to take the opportunities available for improving the character and quality of an area and the way it functions”.

2.2.3 Chapter 12 of the NPPF sets out the key considerations in relation to heritage assets. Where changes are proposed, the NPPF sets out a clear framework to ensure that

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heritage assets are conserved, and where appropriate enhanced, in a manner that is consistent with their significance.

2.2.4 The NPPF sets out the importance of being able to assess the significance of heritage assets that may be affected by a development. Significance is defined in Annex 2 as being the, “value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic.” Significance is not only derived from an asset's physical presence, but also from its setting. The setting of a heritage asset is defined in Annex 2 as, “the surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve.”

2.2.5 Paragraph 128 of the NPPF states that in determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. Similarly there is a requirement on local planning authorities, having assessed the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal; to take this into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset (paragraph 129).

2.2.6 In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should take account of the following three points:

• The desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation;

• The positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable communities including their economic vitality; and

• The desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness (paragraph 131).

2.2.7 Paragraphs 132 to 134 of the NPPF introduce the concept that heritage assets can be harmed or lost through alteration, destruction or development within their setting. This harm ranges from less than substantial through to substantial. With regard to designated assets, paragraph 132 states that the more important the asset, the greater the weight that should be on its conservation. Distinction is drawn between those assets of exceptional interest (e.g. Grade I and Grade II* listed buildings) and those of special interest (e.g. Grade II listed buildings).

2.2.8 In instances where development would cause substantial harm to or total loss of significance of a designated asset, consent should be refused unless that harm or loss is ”necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss” (para 133). In instances where development would cause less than substantial harm to the significance of a designated asset, the harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal; including its optimum viable use (paragraph 134).

2.2.9 Paragraph 137 of the NPPF states that local planning authorities should, “look for opportunities for new development within Conservation Areas and within the setting of heritage assets to enhance or better reveal their significance. Proposals that preserve those elements of the setting that make a positive contribution to or better reveal the significance of the asset should be treated favourably”.

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Planning Practice Guidance (PPG)

2.2.10 The National Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) is a government produced interactive on-line document that provides further advice and guidance that expands the policy outlined in the NPPF. It expands on terms such as ‘significance’ and why it is important in decision making. It also highlights the need to be able to properly assess the nature, extent and importance of the significance of the heritage asset, the contribution of its setting, as these lead to an understanding of the potential impact and acceptability of development proposals (Paragraph: 011 Reference ID: 18a-010-20140306 Revision date: 06 03 2014).

2.2.11 The PPG states that, in relation to setting, a thorough assessment of setting needs to take in to account, and be proportionate to, the significance of the heritage asset under consideration and the degree to which proposed changes enhance or detract from that significance and the ability to appreciate it (Paragraph: 013 Reference ID: 18a-014-20140306 Revision date: 06 03 2014).

2.2.12 The PPG usefully discusses how to assess if there is substantial harm. It states that what matters in assessing if a proposal causes substantial harm is the impact of the significance of the heritage asset. Ultimately, whether a proposal causes substantial harm will be a judgement for the decision taker. However it acknowledges that substantial harm is a high test, meaning that it may not arise in many cases. A key consideration when assessing whether there is an adverse impact on a listed building is whether the adverse impact seriously affects a key element of its special architectural or historic interest. It is the degree of harm to the asset’s significance, rather than the scale of the development, that is to be assessed (Paragraph: 017 Reference ID: 18a-018-20140306 Revision date: 06 03 2014).

2.2.13 How proposals can avoid or minimise harm to the significance of a heritage asset is also covered in the PPG and it is evident that proposals should be based on a clear understanding of the heritage asset and its setting (Paragraph: 019 Reference ID: 18a-019-20140306 Last updated 06 03 2014).

2.2.14 Public benefits are also discussed in the PPG. It states that public benefits may follow from many developments and could be anything that delivers economic, social or environmental progress. Benefits should flow from the Proposed Scheme and should be of a nature and scale to be of benefit to the public at large and not just a private benefit. However, benefits do not always have to be visible or accessible to the public in order to be of public benefit. Public benefits may include heritage benefits, such as:

• Sustaining or enhancing the significance of a heritage asset and the contribution of its setting;

• Reducing or removing risks to a heritage asset; and, • Securing the optimum viable use of a heritage asset in support of its long term

conservation.

(Paragraph: 020 Reference ID: 18a-020-20140306 Revision date: 06 03 2014)

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2.3 Local Planning Policy

2.3.1 The Local Development Plan for Blackpool is currently undergoing a period of transition. The ‘Blackpool Local Plan 2001-2016’ (Blackpool Borough Council, 2006) is being replaced by a new Local Plan, which will comprise:

• Local Plan Part 1: Core Strategy (adopted January 2016); and • Local Plan Part 2: Site Allocations and Development Management document (not

yet available).

2.3.2 Until the new Local Plan is fully adopted, the Core Strategy and the 'saved' policies of the Blackpool Local Plan 2001 - 2016 will be used to determine planning applications and priorities for Blackpool over the plan period (2012 - 2027).

Blackpool Local Plan Part 1: Core Strategy (2012 – 2027) Adopted January 2016

2.3.3 The Core Strategy was adopted by the Council on the 20th January 2016. The strategy sets out where new development should be located to meet Blackpool’s future needs to 2027. Policies in the Core Strategy replace many of the policies of the Blackpool Local Plan 2001 - 2016.

2.3.4 Policy CS5 details the need to provide modern, frequent and well-integrated public transport network and more specifically the need to provide a new tram link from the promenade to Blackpool North Station.

2.3.5 The Council’s policy in relation to the built, social and cultural heritage and heritage assets is set out in Policy CS8: Heritage. The policy states that there will be support for development which respects and draws inspiration from Blackpool’s built, social and cultural heritage, complementing its rich history with new development to widen its appeal to residents and visitors.

2.3.6 Policy CS8 goes on to state that support will be given to proposals that:

• Retain, reuse or convert, whilst conserving and enhancing the significance of designated and non-designated heritage assets and their setting.

• Enhance the setting and views of heritage assets through appropriate design and layout of new development and design of public realm.

• Strengthen the existing townscape character created by historic buildings.

2.3.7 The policy also highlights that Developers must demonstrate how any development affecting heritage assets (including Conservation Areas) will conserve and enhance the asset, its significance and its setting.

2.3.8 The supporting text for Policy CS8 specifically mentions the upgrading of the Victorian Tramway:

“The upgrade of the Victorian Tramway provides a fast and modern commuter route to better serve the residents as well as visitors. Alongside provision of modern new vehicles and supporting infrastructure, the historic appeal of vintage trams has been consolidated and enhanced as part of the visitor experience” (Paragraph 5.126).

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Blackpool Local Plan 2001 – 2016

2.3.9 A number of policies from the ‘Blackpool Local Plan 2001-2016’ have been ‘saved’ until the new Local Plan is fully adopted. The following saved policies are relevant to built, social and cultural heritage and heritage assets.

LQ2 Site Context

2.3.10 Policy LQ2 states that, “the design of new development proposals will be considered in relation to the character and setting of the surrounding area”. New developments in streets, spaces or areas with a consistent townscape character should respond to and enhance the existing character. These locations include:

• Affecting the setting of a Listed Building; • Conservation Areas; • Other streets, frontages and areas with a consistent townscape character.

2.3.11 New developments outside these locations should:

• Complement the prevailing design character of the surrounding area; and/or • Be high quality contemporary and individual expressions of design.

LQ7 Strategic Views

2.3.12 Policy LQ7 states that development that has a detrimental impact on strategic views will not be permitted. The policy lists the following views to be of strategic importance:

• Blackpool Tower – views from the seafront and along main transport corridors leading into the Town Centre;

• Views along the seafront and coastline; • Views into and within Conservation Areas; and • Local views of other Listed Buildings.

LQ9 Listed Buildings

2.3.13 Policy LQ9 deals with demolition, alteration and additions to listed buildings. The policy states that Listed Building Consent for the total or substantial demolition of a listed building will not be granted, other than in exceptional circumstances. Proposals for the repair, alteration or extension of a Listed Building will only be granted consent where:

• The essential character of the building is retained, including any features of architectural or historic interest which contribute to the reasons for its listing; or

• The works proposed make use of original and/or sympathetic materials which match or are in keeping with those found on the Listed Building.

2.3.14 Policy LQ9 also discusses development that affects the setting of listed buildings stipulating that development which adversely affects the character or appearance of a listed building, or its setting, will not be permitted.

LQ10 Conservation Areas

2.3.15 Policy LQ10 outlines the approach that will be taken towards development within a Conservation Area. The policy states that applications for new development within Conservation Areas will be considered against the following criteria:

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• The development must preserve or enhance the character and appearance of the Conservation Area;

• The development will need to respect the scale, massing, proportions, materials and detailing of similar building forms within the Conservation Area;

• Trees and other landscape features contributing to the character and appearance of the area must be retained.

2.3.16 Permission for the demolition of any building or structure that makes a positive contribution to the character or appearance of a Conservation Area will not be granted, other than in exceptional circumstances. Applications for demolition works must have regard to the following criteria:

• The importance of the building or structure, its intrinsic architectural and historic interest and its contribution to the character and appearance of the Conservation Area.

• The condition of the building or structure and the cost of repairing and maintaining it in relation to its importance.

• The adequacy of efforts made to retain the building in use. • The contribution any replacement building makes to the character and appearance

of the Conservation Area. Development involving demolition in a Conservation Area will be permitted where the building to be demolished makes no positive contribution to the character and appearance of the Conservation Area. Demolition will not be allowed before detailed proposals for re-use of the site, including any replacement buildings, have been approved.

2.3.17 Policy LQ10 also makes specific reference to the extension of the Talbot Square Conservation Area.

2.4 Historic England Guidance

2.4.1 Historic England has published a series of Good Practice Advice (GPA). The GPA guidance of most relevance to the appraisal of the Proposed Scheme are:

• GPA2: Managing Significance in Decision-taking (March 2015); and • GPA3: Setting and Views (March 2015).

2.4.2 GPA2 emphasises the importance of having a knowledge and understanding of the significance of heritage assets likely to be affected by a development. Paragraph 4 states, “the first step for all applicants is to understand the significance of any affected heritage asset and, if relevant the contribution of its setting to its significance”. Early knowledge of this information is also useful to a local planning authority in pre-application engagement with an applicant and ultimately in decision making (para 7).

2.4.3 GPA3 provides advice on the setting of heritage assets. Paragraph 4 of the document confirms the extent of setting, as defined in the NPPF, to be the surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. It notes that elements of a setting can make positive or negative contributions to the significance of an asset and affect the ways in which it is experienced. Historic England state that setting does not have a boundary and is often expressed by reference to views, comprising the visual impression of an asset obtained from a variety of viewpoints (para 6). Setting is not an asset or a designation, rather its importance is in what it contributes to the significance of an asset and its appreciation is not dependent upon public access (para 9).

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3. The Site and Proposed Scheme

3.1 Site Location

3.1.1 The TWAO application site (the Site) is located on Talbot Road in Blackpool, between the North Pier and Blackpool North Station (see Figure 1, Appendix A). The area surrounding the Site is urban in nature, comprising Blackpool Town Centre and its promenade along the Fylde coastline. The existing Blackpool tramway runs in a north-south direction along the Promenade.

3.1.2 A location plan and an indicative red-line boundary for the Proposed Scheme are provided in Figure 1 (Appendix A). The application boundary for the Proposed Scheme covers an area of approximately 3.5 hectares (ha).

3.1.3 Land use along Talbot Road comprises a mixture of retail, leisure and tourism, food and drink, some residential use on the 1st floor, and accommodation. The first phase of the new Talbot Gateway Central Business District (CBD) development (car park and retail/ commercial space) has been recently completed opposite the Wilko site on Talbot Road. Other non-commercial land uses on Talbot Road include the Town Hall and the Church of the Sacred Heart.

3.2 Proposed Scheme

3.2.1 Blackpool Transport Services operates a frequent tram service connecting residents and visitors to the leisure, retail and other businesses along the 11 mile stretch of coastline between Starr Gate and Fleetwood.

3.2.2 The Proposed Scheme comprises a 550 m twin track extension of the tramway from the Promenade, through Talbot Square and along Talbot Road terminating at a new tram stop within the footprint of the current Wilko store site. The tram extension terminus would be at the same level as the Blackpool North concourse, with access to the station being via the existing underpass, located to the south-west of the station entrance.

3.2.3 The illustrative route is shown on Figure 2 (Appendix A) and on the Technical Development (TD) scheme plans (drawing Nos. MMD-364464-O-FEA-22A00-DR-00376 and 00395) provided within the document ‘Plans and Drawings’ (Document Reference No. A12), which forms part of the suite of application documents submitted to support the determination of the Blackpool Tramway (Blackpool North Extension) TWAO.

3.2.4 The Proposed Scheme comprises the following key elements:

• New track slab and rail infrastructure along the Promenade (A584), Talbot Square and Talbot Road;

• A new tram stop at Talbot Square (eastbound only); • A new tram stop (terminus) within the footprint of the Wilko store on Talbot Road; • Overhead Line Equipment (OLE) and side poles (the existing lighting columns along

Talbot Road would be removed and replaced with combined lighting/ OLE columns);

• New traffic road signage; • New signalled junctions at Promenade/ Talbot Square and at the Talbot Road

intersection with Dickson Road/ Topping Street; • Provision of pedestrian crossing points;

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• New on-street parking for loading, taxis and disabled persons will be provided at two sections of Talbot Road; and

• The use of existing highway drainage, whereby surface water discharging from tramway groove rails will utilise the United Utilities combined surface water sewer system via existing road drains.

3.2.5 No buildings are proposed to be demolished or otherwise directly affected as part of the Proposed Scheme.

3.2.6 Plans are in progress to relocate the Wilko store and clear the site for the second phase of the Talbot Gateway CBD development. These plans do not form part of the Proposed Scheme or the TWAO application and demolition of the existing building will be facilitated by the Talbot Gateway CBD development.

Talbot Square

3.2.7 The extension will branch off the existing route in the vicinity of the North Pier tram stop. The route will cross the Promenade highway and enter Talbot Square, which will be remodelled to provide segregation of trams and highway traffic. The existing pedestrian signals on the Promenade will be replaced by a signalled intersection.

3.2.8 The existing carriageway along Talbot Square will be realigned to the south. The new road will be constructed within what is currently a large paved urban realm area to the front of the Ibis Hotel (formerly the Clifton Hotel) and the Town Hall.

Talbot Road

3.2.9 From the junction with Corporation Street the tram will continue north-eastwards along Talbot Road. A new tram stop, serving only the eastbound direction, will be provided adjacent to the Royal bank of Scotland and the Nyx Bar and Kitchen. A “tram only” lane will be provided in the eastbound direction as far as Abingdon Street, with other eastbound traffic subject to a minor re-routing via Clifton Street and Abingdon Street. The westbound tram lane will be shared with general traffic over this length, with loading, taxi bays and parking for blue badge holders provided on the southern side of the carriageway.

3.2.10 East of Abingdon Street, the eastbound lane will remain as a designated bus, taxi and cycle only, with the addition of tram running. The westbound lane will continue to be shared running.

Tramway Terminus

3.2.11 To accommodate the tramway extension, the existing Talbot Road / Dickson Road / Topping Street roundabout will be replaced with a signalised junction. Heading east from this junction, the tram will depart the carriageway to run off-street and into the second phase Talbot Gateway CBD development site, currently occupied by the Wilko store.

3.2.12 The location of the terminus will provide convenient access to the Talbot gateway CBD and Blackpool North Station for onward connection to rail services. Passengers will be able to transfer to / from the Blackpool North terminus via an at-grade connection (existing underpass beneath High Street) without the need to interface with general highway traffic.

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4. Assessment Methods

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 The purpose of this chapter is to identify the heritage assets and non-designated heritage assets that could be affected by the Proposed Scheme and assess how the Proposed Scheme will impact on those heritage assets. The assessment is undertaken in accordance with legislation, policy and guidance.

4.2 Study Area

4.2.1 The Study Area for all heritage assets was defined as the Site and land within 250 m of the Site boundary. The spatial character of the Study Area is uniformly dense, with regular tight knit urban grain and a strong sense of enclosure within the streetscape. Professional judgement has therefore been used to discount those historic buildings within the Study Area that would not be affected by the Proposed Scheme.

4.3 Determining the Baseline

4.3.1 In accordance with Historic England Guidance, and as determined by policy requirements, this Heritage Assessment identifies the baseline heritage interest of those heritage assets that are designated by Historic England and Blackpool Borough Council and the non-designated assets identified by the Historic Environment Record (HER), Blackpool Borough Council, and as a result of the site walk over within the Study Area.

4.3.2 A site visit was undertaken on the 13th April 2016 to visually assess the character and appearance of the streetscape and archaeological and historical potential of the Site and the Study Area. All observations on the present layout and character of the Site are based on this visit.

4.3.3 Information on designated assets was obtained from Historic England via the National Heritage List and from the Blackpool Borough Council for the Town Centre Conservation Area. Information on non-designated assets was obtained from the Lancashire Historic Environment Record (HER).

4.3.4 The heritage assets are shown in Figures 3 and 4 (Appendix A) and tabulated with their unique reference number in the text in bold in Appendix B.

4.3.5 A number of other sources were consulted during the preparation of this assessment. These included:

• Various internet resources; and • Ordnance Survey historic mapping.

4.3.6 The historical narrative informing the baseline has been derived from a review of resources including maps and other cartographic and photographic sources held by Blackpool Local and Family History Centre at Blackpool Library. Statutory information in relation to the designated assets has been obtained from the National Heritage List for England maintained by Historic England. The Lancashire County Council HER has been searched to identify all known archaeological find spots, sites or structures of archaeological interest within the study area.

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4.4 Consultation

4.4.1 Consultation was undertaken with Historic England and Blackpool Borough Council to inform this Heritage Assessment. Table 4.1 lists the parties consulted and summarises the key issues and responses. A copy of the consultation responses received is included within Appendix C.

Table 4.1: Consultation

Consultee Purpose of Consultation Summary of Response

Historic England General consultation on the Proposed Scheme;

Request for a Screening Opinion.

Historic England has no objection to the proposed tramway extension, and have made it clear in our formal response to the Planning Inspectorate’s consultation on your formal request for a screening/scoping opinion that we do not consider that the proposals will have a significant harmful impact on the historic environment. Indeed, we consider that the existing tramway can be said to contribute to the character of the Blackpool Town Centre Conservation Area.

Blackpool Borough Council (Development Management)

Request for a Screening Opinion.

The impact on the historic built environment will be limited and can be mitigated through materials and design.

Blackpool Borough Council (Conservation Officer)

Request for pre-application comments on proposals

Broadly supportive subject to details. Impact will be limited to the immediate area. Heritage Statement should be undertaken to assess the potential impacts on the Town Centre Conservation Area.

James Millington, Blackpool Heritage Trust

Letter in support of the Proposed Scheme

Fully supportive of the Council’s plans to restore direct interchange between the tramway and the main line railway network through the extension of the tramway. Views the Proposed Scheme as a catalyst for transport connections and unlocking significant benefits to the wider community. Ensures that Blackpool and coast is see as an attractive place to live, work and invest in.

Fylde Tramway Society

Letter in support of the Proposed Scheme

Offers support for the tramway extension to North Station.

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4.5 Assessing Significance

4.5.1 An assessment of the significance of the heritage assets (both designated and non-designated) and their setting has been undertaken in line with the methodologies set out in the following Historic England guidance and good practice documents:

• Conservation Principles (English Heritage, 2008); and • GPA3: Setting and Views (Historic England, 2015).

4.5.2 Significance is often established by statutory designations such as listed buildings, scheduled monuments and Conservation Areas. These designations provide a formal framework of significance, but are in themselves too broad to reflect the cultural or historical interest of a particular building or site. The NPPF defines significance as “The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset's physical presence, but also from its setting" (Annex 2: Glossary, National Planning Policy Framework, Department of Communities and Local Government, 2012). More particular advice on how significance is defined is set out in Conservation Principles (English Heritage, 2008), which sets out a method for thinking systematically and consistently about the heritage values that can be ascribed to a place. Historic England defines the heritage significance of an asset as “The sum of the cultural and natural heritage values of a place, often set out in a statement of significance” (p72 Conservation Principles, English Heritage, 2008).

4.6 Assessing Impacts

4.6.1 An assessment of the impacts on the significance of the heritage assets (both designated and non-designated) and their setting has been undertaken in line with the methodologies set out in GPA3: Setting and Views (Historic England, 2015).

4.6.2 In addition professional judgement is used to evaluate the resultant degree of harm or benefit to the significance of the heritage assets. In general, the assessment considers the key attributes of the proposed development in terms of its location and setting, form and appearance, additional effects, and permanence.

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5. Baseline Conditions

5.1 Overview

5.1.1 Within the 250 m study area there are no Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefield or World Heritage Sites. There are 15 listed buildings and the Proposed Scheme lies within the Town Centre Conservation Area. In addition there are 25 locally listed Buildings within the study area. These are buildings which have been identified by the Blackpool Council as having local architectural and/or historic interest. These can be seen on Figures 3 and 4 (Appendix A).

5.1.2 A search of the Lancashire HER identified 46 non-designated assets. All but three of these date from the early modern period and are related to the rise of Blackpool as a seaside resort in the late 19th and early 20th century. These can be seen on Figure 4 (Appendix A).

5.1.3 Baseline conditions have also been informed by historic mapping. These are shown as Figures 5 – 10 (Appendix A).

5.2 Built Heritage

5.2.1 The Proposed Scheme is predominantly located within the Town Centre Conservation Area and there are 15 listed buildings within the Study Area (shown on Figure 3 – Appendix A).

5.2.2 The spatial character of the Study Area is uniformly dense, with regular tight knit urban grain and a strong sense of enclosure within the streetscape. Professional judgement has therefore been used to discount those historic buildings within the Study Area that would not be affected by the Proposed Scheme.

5.2.3 In this assessment only those historic buildings situated along the route of the Proposed Scheme have been assessed, as professional judgement has deemed that the impacts are limited to those assets along the route or with views of the route. As a result only the following built heritage assets have been taken through to full assessment:

• Church of the Sacred Heart (NHLE 1072015), Grade II*; • North Pier (NHLE 1205766), Grade II; • War Memorial (NHLE 1072010), Grade II; • Clifton Hotel (NHLE 1362393), Grade II; • Town Hall (NHLE 1205893), Grade II; • K6 Kiosk (NHLE 1266353), Grade II; • K6 Kiosk (NHLE 1266368), Grade II; and • K6 Kiosk (NHLE 1266355), Grade II. • Odeon Cinema (NHLE 1225407), Grade II*; • Central Library and Grundy Art Gallery (NHLE 1072014), Grade II; • General Post Office (Front Range only) (NHLE 1225402), Grade II; and • Group of eight K6 Telephone Kiosks outside Head Post Office (NHLE 1072016),

Grade II.

5.2.4 In addition the following locally listed buildings are also assessed:

• Counting House (10 Talbot Square);

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• Royal Bank of Scotland (1-9 Talbot Road); • Sacred Heart Presbytery and Shop, Talbot Road; • 23 Talbot Road; • 26 Talbot Road; • 22-28 Clifton Street; and • 14-24 Abingdon Street Market.

Town Centre Conservation Area

5.2.5 Blackpool Borough Council has produced a Conservation Area Appraisal for the Town Centre Conservation Area Proposed Extension of Boundaries (Blackpool Council, October 2014). The report provides an assessment of the character of the main streets within the Conservation Area, the urban form of the streetscape, public spaces, vistas, landmark buildings and soft landscaping. The Conservation Area Appraisal lists the listed buildings within the area and the contribution that the make to the area and discusses the negative factors and potential areas of improvements within the Conservation Area.

5.2.6 The listed buildings and locally listed buildings identified in 5.2.3 above lie within the Town Centre Conservation Area, which was designated in 1984. It was originally named the Talbot Square Conservation Area and was centred on Talbot Square, the historic civic and commercial core of Blackpool. The Conservation Area was renamed and extended in 2015.

5.2.7 To be able to understand the impact of the Proposed Scheme on built heritage, it has been deemed necessary to understand the significance of the Town Centre Conservation Area and the contribution that the listed buildings and the locally listed buildings make to the Conservation Area rather than individually assessing each and every building. It is the contribution that they make to the street and townscape within this context that is of most importance.

Historic Development

5.2.8 Blackpool in the late 18th century consisted mainly of cottages and Fox Hall. Towards the end of the 18th century the settlement was becoming popular as a sea bathing location for the wealthy. The influx of visitors resulted in the construction of accommodation to facilitate the new popular pastime and by the 1840s Blackpool consisted of a small collection of hotels and other accommodation built in a linear form along the length of the seafront. In 1844, the Talbot-Clifton family bought land from the site of the soon to be North Station to the seafront and laid out the new Talbot Road which culminated in a grand square (Talbot Square) which was bequeathed to the town in perpetuity. Talbot Square was at the heart of the town from the 1840s onwards. The square survives today although it is very much dominated by the highway infrastructure. By the time the railway station opened in 1846, Blackpool was attracting several thousand wealthy visitors each year.

5.2.9 Town Centre Conservation Area developed from the 1850s onwards, functioning as Blackpool’s civic, retail and tourism heart. Several of the listed buildings adjacent to the Proposed Scheme date from this period including The Church of the Sacred Heart (NHLE 1072015) (Grade II*) built in 1857 by E.W. Pugin; later enlarged in 1894. The gothic style church is a dominating structure built in stone under a slate roof. The North Pier (NHLE 1205766) (Grade II) was built in 1862-3 to allow steamers to take pleasure trips from the promenade. Adjacent to the North Pier is the white granite obelisk War Memorial (NHLE 1072010) (Grade II) on Princess Parade which was constructed in 1923.

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The Clifton Hotel (NHLE 1362393) (Grade II) was built between 1865 and 1874; it has now been renamed the Ibis Styles Blackpool Hotel and occupies a prominent corner site on the corner of the Promenade and Talbot Square. The Town Hall (NHLE 1205893) (Grade II) is situated to the east of the Clifton Hotel and was developed in 1895-1900 by Rotts and Hennings. It is built of brick with stone dressings and slate roof in Jacobean style. The General Post Office (Front Range only) (NHLE 1225402) (Grade II) is located in Abingdon Street and dates from 1910. It is built in Portland stone with a hipped roof and has impressive architectural detailing. The Winter Gardens (NHLE 1072007) (Grade II*) is located to the south-east of the Town Centre Conservation Area. Opposite the Winter Gardens is St John’s Church (NHLE 1362391) (Grade II), which dates from 1878.

5.2.10 Several locally listed buildings within the study area also date from the late 19th century including the Sacred Heart Presbytery and shop, 26 Talbot Road, Royal Bank of Scotland 1-9 Talbot Square and Counting House 10 Talbot Square.

5.2.11 The railway largely fuelled the late 19th century development of Blackpool because trains made the town more accessible to the working classes, particularly industrial workers from Lancashire and Manchester. By 1893, the street grid and layout of the Town Centre Conservation Area had been largely completed. The early historic street pattern has been largely retained. Clifton Street was originally a residential street but since the 1920s has gradually become shops and retail units.

5.2.12 By 1912, tramways became a common feature in Blackpool. Talbot Square Clifton Street, Talbot Road and Albion Street had all been adapted to accommodate trams. The trams ceased running through the through Talbot Square and Talbot Road in 1936.

5.2.13 Between the 1890s through to the 1950s Blackpool developed rapidly and increasingly catered for a mass holiday market. Since 1950 there have been few major changes to the town centre other than the deterioration of the historic fabric of the buildings as a result of the reduction of visitors and prosperity of Blackpool.

5.2.14 Blackpool was already established as a sea-side resort before the illuminations started in 1879. Today the scale and extent of Blackpool’s illuminations have meant that the light show has developed into an iconic British event. The evidence of the illuminations is visible even when not turned on through permanent lighting columns and associated structures.

Brief History of the Trams

5.2.15 The Blackpool Tramway is synonymous with Blackpool and the only original tramway in Britain to remain in continuous operation. Now over 130 years old, the first section was opened in 1885 between Cocker Street, near Talbot Square, and Dean Street near South Pier.

5.2.16 The present 18 km route between Starr Gate and Fleetwood was established by linking the Blackpool Corporation Tramway to the Fleetwood line in 1900 and the further extension to Starr Gate in 1926.

5.2.17 The Blackpool Improvement Act 1899 granted Blackpool Corporation Tramway the powers to operate a tramway along the current proposed extension route (i.e. from North Pier to the Blackpool North Station) and beyond to Layton. The line opened on 18th June 1902. The Blackpool Improvement Act 1901 granted powers for the single track route on Talbot Road to become a double line.

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5.2.18 The Layton tramway route ceased passenger operation at the end of the summer season on 19 October 1936.

Talbot Square and the Promenade

5.2.19 Talbot Square is one of the oldest parts of Blackpool and was at the centre of the development of Blackpool during the 19th century.

5.2.20 Talbot Square is characterised by grand buildings. The Clifton Hotel (NHLE 1362393) (Grade II), one of the earliest large hotels and a landmark building on the corner of Talbot Square and the Promenade. The Counting House (10 Talbot Square (identified as a locally listed building)), formerly a bank but now a public house constructed in red sandstone sits on the northern corner of Talbot Square and the Promenade. The Royal Bank of Scotland (1-9 Talbot Square (identified as a locally listed building)), constructed in Portland stone with rusticated ground floor and giant pilasters under an extended dentil cornice is an attractive building. The Town Hall (NHLE 1205893) (Grade II) is an impressive building built in a Jacobean Style between 1895-1900, by Rotts Son and Hennings. It dominated the southern side of Talbot Square.

5.2.21 All of these buildings contribute to the diversity of the streetscape within the Study Area. Collectively they helped form the heart of Victorian and Edwardian Blackpool.

5.2.22 The Promenade was laid out in 1870 and has since been successively altered and embellished. Located between Talbot Square and the Central Pier, the Promenade is central to the character and experience of Blackpool. There are a series of Grade II shelters along Princess Parade, which were erected in the early 20th century. This part of the Town Centre Conservation Area is also a key element in understanding the tourism offer of 19th century Blackpool. The Hotel Metropole sits to the north of the Town Centre Conservation Area on the seafront and is a locally listed building.

5.2.23 To the south of the Metropole Hotel is the grassed Remembrance Square with its Grade II listed War Memorial (NHLE 1072010). The square and the memorial contribute to the character of Talbot Square and provide a spacious setting for the Grade II North Pier (NHLE 1205766). Broadly speaking, the architectural character of the Promenade is Victorian and Edwardian.

5.2.24 Talbot Square and the Promenade was designed to be the focal point of the area and this historic road pattern survives today with seven roads converging on the Square. Talbot Square and the Promenade have changed over the years and they are now dominated by infrastructure; however, the importance of the space with its impressive buildings, many of which are either listed or locally listed, is unquestionable.

Talbot Road

5.2.25 The north side of Talbot Road contains The Church of the Sacred Heart (NHLE 1072015) (Grade II*), an impressive decorated Gothic church constructed of stone under slate roof with an impressive west tower of four stages with angled buttresses and battlemented coping and tall corner pinnacles. Adjacent to this is The Sacred Heart Presbytery and shop (locally listed), a single storey brick built shop adjacent to a three storey, five bay red brick Presbytery which form an attractive group. Opposite is 26 Talbot Road (locally listed) this is an attractive building dating from the late 19th century of sand stand and classical proportions and detailing that was formerly a bank. There are three K6 telephone kiosks (NHLE 1266353, 1266368 and 1266355) located outside The Church of

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the Sacred Heart; these add interest and colour to the street scene and contribute to the group value of the buildings.

5.2.26 The buildings on Talbot Road between Abingdon and Topping Street are characterised by smaller properties arranged along the 19th century street pattern. This street is the part of the commercial and retail offer of Blackpool. Here alteration of the traditional and historic street frontage is apparent. The traditional shop fronts have been significantly altered to the extent that it is difficult to determine where they exist. Some architectural detailing of the 19th century can be seen but the rate of attrition is much higher and there are several 20th century infill buildings.

Clifton Street

5.2.27 The eastern part of the Town Centre Conservation Area is characterised by smaller properties that are arranged along linear routes. These typified the heart of the commercial and retail centre of early Blackpool and still form a hub of commercial activity. The streets epitomise late 19th century development but have suffered from potentially well-meant cumulative changes that have eroded the character and architectural detailing of the buildings.

5.2.28 Clifton Street is recognised within the Town Centre Conservation Area Proposed Extension of Boundaries Appraisal (Blackpool Council, October 2014) as being one of the most interesting streets within the Conservation Area. It was a former residential street of grand villas before being steadily converted to shops. The buildings on Clifton Street display a mix of architectural and historical features and many retain original architectural details at first and second floor level, such as stone banding and original fenestration. Whilst there are no listed buildings on this street, 22-28 Clifton Street (a former bank) is identified as a locally listed building and is an impressive structure with classical influences built in honey coloured sandstone.

Abingdon Street

5.2.29 Abingdon Street contains the Grade II listed Post Office (Front Range only) (NHLE 1225402) dating from 1910. The building was designed by architects of the Office of Works and built by R. Neill & Son of Manchester. It has an impressive Portland Stone façade designed in a Renaissance style. The notable and decorative features of the building are the large round-headed doorways, each with a pair of Atlantes on tall pedestals. The Post Office and the collection of eight Grade II K6 telephone boxes (NHLE 1072016) located immediately outside form an important visual group within the street scene. The Abingdon Street Market building, immediately to the south of the Post Office, is recognised through its designation as a locally listed building also contributed to the experience of the this part of the Town Centre Conservation Area. The Grade II* Winter Gardens (NHLE 1072007) is also visible and eye-catching focal point to the south.

5.2.30 The north end of Abingdon Street is dominated by the Grade II listed Central Library and Grundy Art Gallery (NHLE 1072014) by Cullen, Lockhead and Brown; which dates from1909-10. The building is constructed in red brick with stone dressings in a free Baroque style. The former Methodist Church (a locally listed building) is located adjacent to the library/ art gallery building.

Deansgate

5.2.31 Deansgate is a minor thoroughfare which runs east-west from Cookson Street to Abingdon Street. The street is characterised by 19th century domestic-scale terraces.

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Dickson Road

5.2.32 Dickson Road is a long road and an important historic linear feature in the townscape. It is the principal north-south route to North Shore. The street was laid out by the mid-19th century and was gradually developed over the next 50 years. The earliest buildings are located along the western side of the southern stretch; with three-storey houses built in the 1870s. The east side of the street was developed with tall red brick terraces by the 1900s. The street is intersected by streets running east-west giving glimpsed views to the sea to the west. The former Odeon Cinema (now ‘Funny Girls’) is a Grade II listed building (NHLE 1225407). The building is a local landmark and represents the entertainment interest of Blackpool. The Wilko Store (also on the corner of Talbot Road) and the former Station Hotel are identified as negative buildings. The Town Centre Conservation Area Appraisal (Blackpool Council 2014) states that these buildings “may offer opportunities for enhancement or redevelopment in the future” (para 6.7, p 50).

Topping Street

5.2.33 Topping Street was originally a street of lodging houses in close proximity to the original Blackpool railway station. These buildings were later converted to retail or commercial use. Most buildings are of late 19th century date with several examples built or re-fronted in terracotta in the inter-war period. There is one locally listed building on Topping Street to the southern end Churchill’s (83/85 Topping Street), a public house with decorative frontage. There are no listed buildings on the street.

Important Vistas

5.2.34 A number of vistas are identified within the ‘Town Centre Conservation Area Proposed Extension of Boundaries Appraisal’ (Blackpool Council, October 2014) these are:

• Looking down the length of Clifton Street towards North Pier; • Looking down the length of Clifton Street towards the Head Post Office; • Looking down the Length of Abingdon Street towards the Winter Gardens; and, • Looking from North Pier towards the Town Hall.

Negative Factors

5.2.35 A number of negative factors have been identified that affect the Town Centre Conservation Area and the historic buildings contained within it. These include the poor condition of the building stock, loss of architectural and traditional details, poor alterations to shop fronts, and lack of investment. These factors are attributed to the decline of tourism and a decline in the retail importance of the Talbot Square area.

5.2.36 The ‘Town Centre Conservation Area Proposed Extension of Boundaries Appraisal’ (Blackpool Council, October 2014) states that public realm works should focus on Talbot Square, where opportunities exist to enhance these historic spaces. The document states that future works within the area must consider the need to improve pedestrian linkages between the North Pier/ Seafront and the remainder of the Conservation Area. This will help draw visitors from the seafront into the buildings and streets of the Conservation Area.

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5.3 Non-Designated Assets

Prehistoric to Post-Medieval

5.3.1 The early history and archaeology of Blackpool is defined by its topography and coastline location. Only one asset within the study area is recorded from any time period prior to the early modern; the findspot of a coin of Constantius II (AD 353-354) found in close proximity to the North Pier in 1980 (PRN33539). The coin was located at a relatively shallow depth but it is the only findspot within the vicinity. As a single findspot with no associated archaeology, it is not an indication of Roman activity in this area and is more likely a chance or dropped find from another period.

5.3.2 During the early prehistoric period, during the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods, the coastline at Blackpool reached further out to sea than present (it is estimated that the coastline would have been approximately 25 km from where it lies today.), with a wide intertidal area (Wessex Archaeology 2006). The dry land and intertidal area to the west of the current coastline would have been utilised during the early prehistoric periods.

5.3.3 The area experienced marine inundation in the Neolithic period and it is thought that the present day shape of the coastline had formed by the Late Bronze Age/ Early Iron Age (ibid). The inundation caused the retreat of the coastline; however, there are some areas along the Lancashire coast where evidence of the earliest prehistoric activity can be identified, for example at Poulton-le-Fylde to the north-east where an elk skeleton was discovered in peat and dated to the Upper Palaeolithic (ibid) with Mesolithic activity identified to the south at Little Crosby in the form of flint scatters (ibid). There is potential for the discovery of early prehistoric archaeology within the Study Area; however, given the extensive development of Blackpool in the 19th century and the depth at which deposits of this date are likely to be found, this potential can be reduced to low to negligible.

5.3.4 By the Neolithic period, the coastline is thought to have been located around 2 km west of the current coastline, but there is little evidence of Neolithic and later settlement within the immediate area surrounding the Proposed Scheme. There is some evidence for Neolithic and Bronze Age activity in the wider vicinity with stone axes found within the mossland at Layton Hawes (Lancashire County Council 2003, 16) and a possible round cairn on the site of Stonyhill Lodge (ibid). This paucity of evidence continues to the Iron Age and it is likely that prehistoric settlement would have been concentrated on the margins of the mossland and on gravel islands surrounding the wetland areas. As stated above, the earliest archaeological evidence from within the study area dates to the Roman period; however, the nature of this find indicates that it is unlikely to indicate any form of settlement activity. The study area is recorded on Ptolemy’s map of Britain in the Roman period as being under the control of the Brigantes. Once the Romans had conquered the north-west of England in the 1st century AD, the area was controlled from a fort located at Kirkham with a road leading to this from Fleetwood (ibid). The coastline may have been utilised by the Romans, but there is no evidence for this and the potential for Roman archaeology within the Study Area is low.

5.3.5 There is no evidence for early medieval activity within the Study Area, although there was an influx of Viking activity into Lancashire from the Isle of Man in the 10th and 11th centuries. The Blackpool coastline would have seen landings and activity as the Vikings passed through (ibid). There is also no evidence of activity from the medieval period within the Study Area and the Speed map of 1611 of Lancashire shows the area as marshland.

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5.3.6 The name of Blackpool comes from the Spen Dyke which ran north-west from Marton Moss and discharged to the sea. The peaty nature of this brook and the use of the term “pull” to describe a stream discharging into the sea give Blackpool its name (Lancashire County Council 2003, 19). It is uncertain when occupation began within the area around the Black Pool, forming the later settlement. The first record of Blackpool comes in 1602 when there is a baptism record of a child belonging to a couple who live on the banks of the Black Pool (www.rmhh.co.uk). From this point on, it appears that a small number of dwellings were constructed in the area, forming a village on the coast. By 1754, as noted below, there was at least enough housing to provide lodgings for visitors.

Early Modern (1750 – 1901)

5.3.7 It is during this period that the settlement of Blackpool emerges from a small medieval settlement. Had it not been for the arrival of the railways and the rising fashion of sea bathing in England, Blackpool would not have become a thriving and incredibly popular seaside resort and would probably have remained small, nucleated and on the fringes of the country. It was also during this period that the buildings and streets within the Study Area were constructed.

5.3.8 Blackpool has been noted for its recreational facilities and opportunities for improvements to health since the mid-18th century. Visitors came to the town as early as 1750 to write about the newly fashionable trend of sea-bathing and by the 1780s, the large houses of the area were being used to accommodate wealthy visitors. Bishop Richard Pocoke, writing in 1754, noted that there was accommodation available at Blackpool (English Heritage 2014, p5) and William Hutton, writing in 1788 in his ‘Description of Blackpool’, notes the attractions of Blackpool and suggests new amenities to enhance the area. He also suggested that only 40 years earlier there was no accommodation in Blackpool indicating that this was a relatively new destination for visitors (ibid. Most of the visitors to Blackpool were coming from Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire and by 1781 a stagecoach service had been established during the summer taking visitors from these urban centres to Blackpool (ibid, 6). Although established and marketed as a resort for the upper classes, even the late 18th century, Blackpool was attracting lower class and working class visitors as well as visitors from the wealthier end of society.

5.3.9 Despite the rise in visitors and the endorsements for visiting Blackpool for health reasons, the settlement remained a relatively small town throughout the 18th century and over the first half of the 19th century, as can be seen on the 1838 tithe map of the parish. Some development had taken place to provide local amenities for wealthy visitors, with increasing purpose built guest houses for middle-class visitors; however, by 1801, the population of Blackpool was less than 500. This is to be expected as most of the visitors to the town would not be recorded on the census, but the small number of residents and households indicates a small workforce accommodating a relatively low number of visitors. Catherine Hutton, daughter of William Hutton, described the accommodation on offer in Blackpool along the seafront by 1788; which included an impressive seven houses offering accommodation (ibid). . A number of these houses were located on sites which would later be demolished and rebuilt as larger hotels, for example Bailey’s Hotel on the site of the later Hotel Metropole (PRN15418).

5.3.10 By 1851, the population of Blackpool had grown to above 2,500 and by the 20th century had surpassed 50,000. Housing stock rose from the mid-19th century onwards to accommodate the rapidly growing population, but within the Study Area, this housing stock was constructed as lodgings, with larger, grander hotels for the wealthiest visitors.

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A number of civic buildings were also constructed on a large scale. Given the popularity of Blackpool from the late 18th century onwards, and the seemingly large amount of visitors, it is surprising that Blackpool remained such a small town until the mid-19th century. The 1844 Ordnance Survey map shows little real change from the 1838 map; however it does show the arrival of the first railway into Blackpool. It was the arrival of this cheaper, faster transport, able to carry greater volumes of visitors that marked the shift in the fortunes of Blackpool and enabled the meteoric rise of the resort.

5.3.11 The 1844 Ordnance Survey map shows the first development within the Proposed Scheme footprint as the layout of Talbot Road, which is still extant. The road still lies along the same alignment and ran past the railway station, terminating at the Promenade and Coburg(h) House.

5.3.12 The arrival of the railway at Talbot Road in the 1840s (PRN5924) provided the catalyst for the expansion of Blackpool. The station opened in 1846, but was replaced in 1898 with Blackpool North. Neither is extant. The town was already well established as a resort and holiday destination but it was the arrival of the railway and easier access to the town that transformed the small seaside resort into a massive urban sprawl dedicated to leisure and recreation. It is during the period between the 1850s and 1900s that the majority of the assets located on the Historic Environment Record were constructed. The HER includes a mixture of extant and demolished structures which record the flourishing of the seaside resort and the scale of some of the buildings.

5.3.13 The buildings constructed in this first phase of expansion consisted of a mixture of civic and social buildings (e.g. schools, police stations, libraries, leisure and recreation facilities, and residential development. Talbot Square was created during this initial phase. The creation of this open space required the demolition of Coburg(h) House. This building is shown on the 1838 tithe map and again on the 1844 Ordnance Survey map, but by the 1877 map, the building has been demolished. Talbot Square created an attractive open space at the terminus of the Talbot Road which led onto the North Pier. The square contained a large drinking fountain (PRN15420), which is no longer extant. The creation of open spaces like Talbot Square and the construction of a number of smaller scale lodging houses meant that in the late 19th century, Blackpool was still appealing to middle class visitors. The town had the libraries and bowling greens that appealed to the gentry and the early years of the boom in popularity of Blackpool was very much focussed on the middle and upper classes (ibid, 37).

5.3.14 The layout of the streets within the Study Area was formalised by the 1877 Ordnance Survey map, and was probably laid out in the 1850s. The layout on the south side of Talbot Road is ad-hoc. The routes do not follow any field boundaries or former roads or tracks. The roads to the north of Talbot Road seem to follow a more considered grid system, again not following any former tracks or field boundaries. These roads were created and laid out on agricultural land. The likelihood of encountering earlier archaeological remains below these tracks is low, given the disturbance during their construction and later insertion of services. Furthermore, the nature of the Proposed Scheme means that deep excavation will not be required and therefore groundworks are likely to be within the matrix of previously disturbed ground.

5.3.15 The provision of a second railway line into Blackpool in the 1860s and the construction of the first pier (the North Pier, which opened in 1863) signalled a second phase of expansion in Blackpool. The opening of the pier was advertised in newspapers and would have attracted a lot of attention as an innovative engineering achievement. The original pier was a simple promenade pier with two wooden huts at the entrance. The

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idea of the pier and of the second railway was to attract more visitors, particularly the middle-class clientele that Blackpool was used to catering for. However, the easy accessibility of Blackpool from a number of nearby working class industrial towns and the cheaper cost of train travel meant that visitors from the working classes arrived in droves. By 1864, 400,000 visitors had walked along North Pier (ibid, 41) and the commercial success of the attraction drove the construction of a second pier, Blackpool South.

5.3.16 By the 1870s, the centre of Blackpool was focussed around the Study Area, with development along Talbot Road and the Promenade. This area, with the railway station and North Pier, was the focus for activity in Blackpool and was in contrast with the wider surrounding landscape. Beyond this central, dense area of development the remainder of Blackpool remained fairly undeveloped; for example, there was a large gap between the South Shore and North Shore developments at Blackpool and beyond the lines of the railway to the east there was very little development. This was to change after 1870, but in terms of the Study Area, most of the development within this area had already taken place.

5.3.17 In the late 19th century the western end of the Study Area, along the seafront, experienced significant change as a result of the trams along the Promenade. This can be seen on the Ordnance Survey mapping of 1890 and 1901. The provision of trams in Blackpool showed the town’s willingness to embrace innovation. The first tram line was installed in 1885, only six years after electric trams were first displayed at the Berlin Trade Fair. The early trams were powered by a conductor rail in a conduit between the rails, but this soon proved difficult to maintain and was replaced by an overhead line system. The conversion of the power transmission system was accompanied by the widening of the promenade, doubling of the tracks, and installation of new sea defences. The works resulted in the removal of the toll houses (PRN15419) at the start of North Pier.

5.3.18 By 1893, the number of visitors to Blackpool had grown to 2 million per year (ibid, 51), aided by the rebuilding of the railway station and lengthening of the platforms to accommodate tens of thousands of people per day during the height of the season. During this period, the shift away from middle class visitors and more genteel recreation was cemented with the construction of the Tower, the Pleasure Beach and the Winter Gardens; large-scale and ambitious venues aimed at entertainment of the masses. Within the Study Area were three theatres: the Theatre Royal (PRN15423), the Opera House (PRN15441), and the Alhambra (PRN15459) (formerly the Prince of Wales Theatre) which was also circus. Only the Opera House is still extant.

Modern (1901 – present)

5.3.19 By the 1920s, the visitor numbers annually to Blackpool had risen to 4 million (ibid, 51). The number of working-class visitors had outstripped the middle classes. This was facilitated by the expansion of the train station when it was rebuilt and named Blackpool North in 1898. This expanded the platforms of the station, enabling it to process the vast numbers of visitors who came on holiday.

5.3.20 After World War I, it was recognised that Blackpool needed to continue to change to attract new visitors and elements of a “garden city” were proposed; with key landscape architects such as Thomas Mawson employed to facilitate these changes, such as with the creation of Stanley Park. With the exception of the erection of the war memorial on the Promenade, these post-war changes did not really affect the Study Area.

25

5.3.21 The decline in visitor numbers began after the 1960s. Poor planning decisions led to the loss of historic buildings and the degradation of the historic fabric of the town. This is exemplified within the Study Area through the insertion of modern shop fronts within the historic buildings and the loss of features such as the tram lines. These changes, together with shifting holiday habits and the town’s increasingly poor reputation, saw a decline in visitor numbers and forced the closure of many of the large, grand hotels.

Cartographic Analysis

5.3.22 The first map available and relevant for this assessment is the 1838 tithe map. This map shows just how small and nucleated Blackpool was, even at the start of the 19th century after visitors had been coming to the area for around 70 years and the town was well-known for its sea bathing and health benefits. The only street shown on the 1838 tithe map which exists today is the Promenade along the seafront; although this only exists from what is now Talbot Square northwards. The centre of the town is to the south of the Study Area, with a number of large buildings shown lining the seafront and Church Street. None of the buildings that are extant today are shown on this 1838 map. Coburg(h) House, though unlabelled here, is shown in the centre of what would later become Talbot Square.

5.3.23 The 1844 Ordnance Survey map shows a slight increase in the number of buildings shown, including the addition of a bowling green (PRN15097) to the south of Talbot Road. The two main differences shown on this map are:

• The appearance of Talbot Road, which has been laid out travelling from the east down to Coburg(h) House where it terminates at the open area at the seafront; and

• The arrival of Blackpool Station at Talbot Road.

5.3.24 The 1877 Ordnance Survey map shows a radical change within the Study Area within the 30 year span between the surveys. The 1877 map shows the effect that the arrival of the railway had in spurring Blackpool to expand and grow, with the town developing infrastructure (civic architecture and recreational/ leisure development). Many of the listed and locally listed buildings were established during this period, including the Church of the Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church and the Clifton Hotel. The southern half of the Study Area, south of Talbot Road, is entirely covered in buildings and roads. Street and road networks have been laid out, not respecting any former field boundaries, and large blocks of development have been constructed alongside. The sea front has been developed with large properties overlooking the Promenade and the North Pier has been constructed. The area to the north of Talbot Road has been laid out with a more regular grid pattern of streets. It appears that these are unfinished on this map, with large areas of open space ready to be infilled with buildings. Coburg(h) House is no longer shown on the map. It has been demolished to create Talbot Square and the Blackpool Railway Station has been extended with a number of new lines added. The creation of Talbot Square and the location of the railway station meant that a direct link was provided for visitors arriving by train to walk directly down Talbot Road towards Talbot Square and have the North Pier in front of them.

5.3.25 Within the Proposed Scheme footprint itself, the only structures shown on the 1877 map are the railway station and the fountain within Talbot Square.

5.3.26 The 1890/93 map shows that the area to the north of Talbot Road, which was previously undeveloped, has begun to see development within a gridded street pattern. The railway station is now labelled Talbot Road Station and has been extended considerably

26

from the original building. The number of lines has increased with new lines added to the north-east of the railway station and additional buildings to accommodate the rapidly increasing visitor numbers. A tram line can be seen running along the Promenade from north to south and two toll houses at the entrance to the North Pier have been constructed.

5.3.27 The 1890/1901 Ordnance Survey map shows that the area to the north of Talbot Road is now completely infilled with development comprising commercial, residential, civic and religious buildings. The original railway station has been completely removed and replaced with a large building, capable of processing more visitors. New tram lines have been laid out with branch lines leading off the main Promenade track and along Talbot Road, Clifton Street, Abingdon Street and Church Street. The Promenade itself has been widened and the toll houses are no longer shown. The entrance to the North Pier has been altered and widened and the strengthening of the sea defences can clearly be seen.

5.3.28 The 1932 map shows little substantive change. Talbot Square is still shown with a number of tram lines running around the central island. The layout of the promenade has been altered slightly to accommodate the insertion of the listed War Memorial, located just outside the Proposed Scheme Site boundary. The Talbot Road Station continues to increase in size, with the platforms shown stretching far beyond the building itself to accommodate the thousands of visitors Blackpool was receiving in its heyday.

Archaeological Investigations and Potential

5.3.29 Three archaeological fieldwork events have taken place within the study area.

5.3.30 A desk-based assessment was carried out by WSP Environmental in 2009 (PRN35442) to support the planning application for the first phase of the Talbot Gateway development at the eastern end of the Proposed Scheme. The desk-based assessment highlighted the heritage resource and potential impacts as well as providing mitigation measures. The scheme received planning approval and as part of this development the 1930s Talbot Road multi-storey car park (PRN12871), the first to be constructed in England, was refurbished and re-clad.

5.3.31 Beyond the eastern Site boundary of the Proposed Scheme, an archaeological desk-based assessment and trial trench evaluation was undertaken by URS and Archaeology Wales Ltd in 2012 (PRN37217). The fieldwork was undertaken on land between Larkhill Street and Seed Street, which historic map analysis had shown was the location of 19th century housing and a public house, constructed as part of the expansion of Blackpool in the late 19th century. The evaluation trench uncovered and recorded the foundations of the terraced housing and public house.

5.3.32 The final item of fieldwork undertaken within the Study Area was a watching brief and excavation undertaken by Oxford Archaeology in 2009 (PRN5920). The fieldwork was undertaken in advance of the redevelopment of a site within the former burial ground of the church of St. John the Evangelist. The initial watching brief uncovered a number of burials and the excavation that followed uncovered a total of 73 burials. These burials were located outside of the Proposed Scheme footprint.

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5.4 Statement of significance

5.4.1 The significance of the Town Centre Conservation Area, the listed buildings and the locally listed buildings lies in their ability to collectively illustrate the historic development of the area; they denote the strong civic role and the earliest 19th century development of Blackpool as a resort. Blackpool’s tram and illumination heritage is an important part of its cultural identity. The streets that expand from this central core are illustrative of the continuous development of the town and the changing nature, appeal and popularity of Blackpool brought about by the arrival of the railway in 1846. The historic street pattern is also an important part of the historic interest.

5.4.2 The significance of the archaeological resource is the evidence it shows of the development of Blackpool as a resort town in the late 19th century.

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6. Potential Impacts

6.1.1 The Town Centre Conservation Area has been assessed as having historic interest that illustrates the development of Blackpool as a tourist destination from the 19th century onwards. The architectural interest of the area derives from bold buildings that reflect a range of architectural styles, materials and uses (domestic, civic, retail and commercial). The eclectic mix of buildings provides diversity and visual interest to the streetscape. Talbot Square was designed to be the focal point of the town and the historic road pattern, with seven roads converging on the Square, survives today. However, Talbot Square has changed over the years and is now dominated by highway infrastructure.

6.1.2 The Proposed Scheme will reintroduce trams into the public realm and will result in new track and rail infrastructure along the Promenade and Talbot Road (full details of the Proposed Scheme are provided in Chapter 3).

6.1.3 The Proposed Scheme will not physically harm the significance of the listed or locally listed buildings, as there will be no physical alteration to them. The main consideration is therefore the potential impact of the Proposed Scheme on the street and townscape of the Town Centre Conservation Area.

6.1.4 The built heritage assessment reported in Chapter 5 demonstrates that the Town Centre Conservation Area has historic and architectural interest which derives from the listed and locally listed buildings. Collectively the buildings contribute to a varied and active streetscape. However, it has also been identified that there have been a number of alterations to historic buildings (such as loss of original features and inappropriate shop fronts, signage and use of incongruous materials) that have had negative effects on the streetscape and setting.

6.1.5 The proposed additional signage, signalled junctions, OLE, pedestrian crossings and associated traffic management will lead to additional visual clutter within the Study Area, which could detract from the overall experience of the Town Centre Conservation Area. However, it is important to note that Talbot Square is an area that is constantly evolving and junctions have previously been changed and upgraded. The design intent is to combine OLE, street lighting and illuminations and re-use existing column positions wherever practicable to minimise clutter and change to vistas.

6.1.6 The loss of public realm in Talbot Square will diminish the experience of Talbot Square as a historic square and the focal point of the historic development of Blackpool; however, the Square has been subject to many changes since it was first laid out. Both historically and currently the Square has been dominated by road and tramway infrastructure. The existing public realm in the square is a more recent addition. The Proposed Scheme will provide an area of public realm within the footprint of the square, on the northern side of the proposed new tramway, and as such it will not be completely lost.

6.1.7 A number of vistas have been identified as contributing to the setting and experience of the Town Centre Conservation Area. The Proposed Scheme will be visible in the vista looking down the length of Clifton Street towards the North Pier and in the vista from the North Pier towards the Town Hall. Within these vistas the proposed scheme will introduce additional infrastructure within the view, particularly with the reintroduction of the OLE for the trams. However, this will be minimal as it is intended to combine lighting, OLE columns and illuminations to avoid any visual intrusions. It is also important to note that trams were a common feature of these vistas in the past.

29

6.1.8 The Proposed Scheme has the potential to impact upon below-ground heritage assets;

however, this impact is reduced by the disturbance caused by previous modern disturbance and development and by the low potential for archaeology to be located here in the first instance.

6.1.9 The proposed tram tracks will feed into the existing tram track on the Promenade and will run over the location of two former toll houses (PRN15419), which were located at the entrance of the North Pier. The toll houses were removed in the late 19th century as part of a scheme to provide new power transmission to the original sea-front tram lines. The original and existing upgraded tram lines also cross the site of the former toll houses and it is unlikely that any new below-ground activity will disturb their foundations. Furthermore, it is also highly unlikely that any significant below-ground remains of the toll houses would have survived the redevelopment works that have taken place within the Promenade. Therefore the impact from the Proposed Scheme will be no impact.

6.1.10 The proposed tram tracks and pedestrian crossings will be located over the site of Coburg(h) House, which once stood within what was later known as Talbot Square. The house was demolished between 1844 and 1870 to create Talbot Square. Construction activities associated with the creation of the track bed could potentially impact and reveal the foundations of Coburg House; however the potential for impact is thought to be negligible. This is because the demolition and creation of Talbot Square in itself would have removed the majority of the foundations of the building. In addition, Talbot Square has seen the insertion and subsequent removal of a drinking fountain, the insertion of services, re-surfacing of the road, construction of underground toilet facilities, and re-ordering of the traffic and road priorities. All of this activity will have caused below-ground disturbance affecting the survival of archaeology. It is unlikely that anything of significance would remain of Coburg(h) House. In addition, the nature of the construction activity for the tram lines means that no deep excavations would be required, thus the work is likely to take place within the matrix of already disturbed ground.

6.1.11 A negligible impact is predicted on the former site of the drinking fountain (PRN15420) in Talbot Square. It is possible that some connecting pipework from the fountain may remain; however, given the nature of the asset, it is likely that pipework has been removed in full at some point during the 20th century.

6.1.12 There is the potential for unknown archaeology to be located within the footprint of the Proposed Scheme. However, drawing on the discussion of the archaeological and historic background of the town in the section above, there is very low potential for archaeology of all periods with the exception of the early modern period. The nature of the expansion of Blackpool and the nature of the Proposed Scheme means that the tram is proposed to run along already extant streets and the majority of these streets were formed in the mid-19th century. The formation of the streets is likely to have removed archaeological deposits to a certain depth and the insertion of services and laying of the original tram tracks in the late 19th, early 20th century would also have removed archaeological deposits. The nature of the Proposed Scheme is means that the below-ground construction impact will be low.

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7. Summary

7.1.1 The historic and archaeological background has shown that Blackpool has been visited by people seeking rest and the restorative qualities of the sea and sea air since the 18th century. The first occupation of the area around Blackpool was in the medieval period, but the settlement remained small and nucleated, even after the first visitors arrived. Growth of the town did occur, with the construction of lodging houses along the sea front, mainly to the south of the study area, just south of the Proposed Scheme outline.

7.1.2 The catalyst for transformation from a moderately successful resort to massive urban conurbation catering to the masses cam in the mid-19th century with the arrival of the railway which allowed fast and relatively cheap transport. The rate of visitors from the 1870s onwards shows the rise in popularity with 4 million visitors annually by 1914. This changed the face of Blackpool. The streets along which the Proposed Scheme will run were laid out from the 1840s and the majority of the assets recorded on the LHER were constructed between the 1850s and 1890s.

7.1.3 The introduction of trams in 1885 provided Blackpool with further transportation and became a popular tourist attraction in their own right, especially during the illuminations. The Blackpool Tramway became synonymous with Blackpool as a resort.

7.1.4 The 20th century saw the decline of the town from its heyday before World War I through to the doldrums of the 1980s onwards. The decline has been most easily seen in the removal of the tramlines along many of the main streets, the demolition of major pieces of infrastructure such as the train station and the decline in the historic fabric of the town.

7.1.5 The Town Centre Conservation Area is of architectural and historic interest that is greatly contributed to by a high number of listed buildings and locally listed buildings adjacent to the site. Collectively they combine to raise the architectural quality of the Town Centre Conservation Area.

7.1.6 Town Centre Conservation Area has been established as having historic and architectural interest. Certain elements have been found to be affected by the Proposed Scheme, particularly in vistas towards and incorporating Talbot Square from Clifton Street towards the North Pier and from the North Pier towards the Town Hall, visual clutter from the proposed signage and OLE and the loss of public realm at Talbot Square.

7.1.7 As it is a Conservation Area there is a legislative duty to ensure that there is ‘special attention shall be paid to the desirability of preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of Conservation Areas’. This application has also had due regard to the legislative requirements of the Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 section 72 and has found that the Town Centre Conservation Area will be impacted by the Proposed Scheme. In addition the proposal has had regard to NPPF Chapter 12 specifically paragraphs 132 – 134 and 137 and has found that there will be less than substantial harm to the significance and setting of the Town Centre Conservation Area.

7.1.8 There is a legislative duty to ensure that there is special regard to the ‘desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses’. In addition, the NPPF states that any harm to or loss of significance should be exceptional. This application has had due regard to the legislative

31

requirements of the Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 section 66 and has found that the setting of the listed buildings has been preserved.

7.1.9 The reinstatement of trams on Talbot Road is beneficial to the town and would enhance the heritage of the area by providing a link to the heyday years of Blackpool when trams last traversed this same route.

7.1.10 No archaeological mitigation is recommended.

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8. References

Blackpool Borough Council, 2006. Blackpool Local Plan 2001-2016. Blackpool Borough Council: Blackpool. Blackpool Council, 2014. Town Centre Conservation Area Proposed Extension of Boundaries. Blackpool Borough Council: Blackpool. Blackpool Borough Council, 2016. Blackpool Local Plan Part 1: Core Strategy. Blackpool Borough Council: Blackpool. British Geological Society. Geology of Britain Viewer [Online]. Available from: http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html). [Accessed 18/04/16] Clarke, A. 1969. The Story of Blackpool. S. R Publishers Ltd. Wakefield Department of Communities and Local Government, 2012. National Planning Policy Framework. Department of Communities and Local Government: London. Department of Communities and Local Government, 2014. National Planning Practice Guidance. Department for Communities and Local Government: London. English Heritage, 2008. Conservation Principles. English Heritage, 2014. Blackpool’s Seaside Heritage. English Heritage. Swindon. Historic England, March 2015. GPA2: Managing Significance in Decision-taking. Historic England. Historic England, March 2015. GPA3: Setting and Views. Historic England. Lancashire County Council, 2005. Lancashire Historic Town Survey Programme: Blackpool Historic Town Assessment Report. Lancashire County Council. Wessex Archaeology, 2006. England’s Historic Seascapes. English Heritage. Accessed online: - http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/ehsliverpool_eh_2007/index.cfm

Appendix A: Figures

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A3

Title:Client:

Project: BLACKPOOL TRAMWAYEXTENSION TO NORTH STATION

SITE LOCATION PLAN 24/06/2016

FIGURE 1

LGLG

KHGB

BLACKPOOL COUNCIL1:5,000

LegendStudy Area

© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2015 Licence number 100019139.

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Design:

A3

Title:Client:

Project:PROPOSED LAYOUT

21/06/2016FIGURE 2

LGLG

KHGBBLACKPOOL COUNCIL

BLACKPOOL TRAMWAYEXTENSION TO NORTH STATION

1072007

1072010

1072014

1072015

1072016

1205766

1205810

1205886

1205893 1225402

1225407

12663531266355

1266368

1280615

1362391

1362393

1376195

1376196

© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2015 Licence number 100019139.

This document has been prepared by AECOM for the sole use of our Client (the "Client") and in accordance with generally accepted consultancy principles, the budget for fees and terms of reference agreed between AECOM and the Client.

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A3

Title:Client:

Project:DESIGNATED HERITAGE

ASSETS WITHIN 250M 24/06/2016

FIGURE 3

LGLG

KHGB

BLACKPOOL COUNCIL1:4,000

LegendStudy AreaGrade I Listed BuildingGrade II* BuildingGrade II BuildingLocally Listed BuildingConservation Area

BLACKPOOL TRAMWAYEXTENSION TO NORTH STATION

PRN15425

PRN12871

PRN12850

PRN13613

PRN15076

PRN15077

PRN15092

PRN15093

PRN15095

PRN15096

PRN15097PRN15098

PRN15099

PRN15403 PRN15404PRN15405

PRN15406

PRN15407PRN15408

PRN15409

PRN15420PRN15423

PRN15426 PRN15427PRN15428

PRN15429PRN15430

PRN15431PRN15433

PRN15434 PRN15435

PRN15436

PRN15437

PRN15438

PRN15439

PRN15440

PRN15441PRN15442

PRN15443PRN15444PRN15456PRN15457

PRN15458

PRN15459

PRN24288

PRN5924

PRN5952

PRN33511PRN33526

PRN33527

PRN33539

PRN15419

PRN15419

PRN15094

ELA2205

ELA1805

ELA1882

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Project:NON-DESIGNATED

HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN 250M 24/06/2016

FIGURE 4

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LegendStudy AreaArchaeological Events

Historic Environment RecordsRomanEarly ModernModern

BLACKPOOL TRAMWAYEXTENSION TO NORTH STATION

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Project:1838 24/06/2016

FIGURE 5

LGLG

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BLACKPOOL COUNCIL1:2,500

LegendStudy Area

BLACKPOOL TRAMWAYEXTENSION TO NORTH STATION

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FIGURE 6

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BLACKPOOL COUNCIL1:2,500

LegendStudy Area (Appoximate)

BLACKPOOL TRAMWAYEXTENSION TO NORTH STATION

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Project:1877 24/06/2016

FIGURE 7

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BLACKPOOL COUNCIL1:2,500

LegendStudy Area

BLACKPOOL TRAMWAYEXTENSION TO NORTH STATION

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Project:1890 - PUBLISHED 1893 24/06/2016

FIGURE 7

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BLACKPOOL COUNCIL1:2,500

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BLACKPOOL TRAMWAYEXTENSION TO NORTH STATION

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FIGURE 9

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BLACKPOOL COUNCIL1:2,500

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BLACKPOOL TRAMWAYEXTENSION TO NORTH STATION

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Any information provided by third parties and referred to herein has not been checked or verified by AECOM, unless otherwise expressly stated in the document. No third party may rely upon this document without the prior and express written agreement of AECOM.

5th Floor,2 City Walk,LEEDS, LS11 9AR

Tel: +44 (0) 113 391 6800Fax: +44 (0) 113 391 6899

www.aecom.com

Design:

A3

Title:Client:

Project:1932 24/06/2016

FIGURE 10

LGLG

KHGB

BLACKPOOL COUNCIL1:2,500

LegendStudy Area

BLACKPOOL TRAMWAYEXTENSION TO NORTH STATION

Appendix B: Gazetteer of Heritage Assets

Table B1: Archaeological Events within the Study Area

OBJECTID EvUID Name Reference

2337 ELA2205 Talbot Square, Blackpool, Lancashire: Trial Trench PRN37217

1878 ELA1805 St John the Evangelist Churchyard, Church Street, Blackpool: Watching Brief and Excavation PRN5920

1082 ELA1882 Talbot Gateway, Blackpool: Desk-Based Assessment and Walk-Over Survey PRN35442

Table B2: Non-Designated Heritage Assets within the Study Area

MONUID PERIOD Name Summary

MLA30270 Roman Blackpool A coin of Constantius II (c.AD 353-4) found within 100 yards of the North Pier in 1980 by Mr K T McKenzie of Blackpool. It was 12in below ground surface.

MLA15388 Early Modern Free Library, Talbot Road - Clifton Street, Blackpool

Library shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893. Built in 1868, later part of Yate's Wine Lodge, burnt down in 2009. No longer extant.

MLA13609 Early Modern Blackpool North Station, Blackpool

New Blackpool station, built in 1896-98, to replace the Talbot Road station when Blackpool was developing rapidly as a major seaside resort, with nearly 10,000 feet of platform face. Not shown on the 1844 OS map - but appears on the 1893.

MLA15039 Early Modern Raikes Hotel, Cookson Street, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, no longer extant.

MLA15040 Early Modern School, Church Street, Blackpool

School shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893. School house shown on OS six inch map, 1847.

MLA15042 Early Modern Stanley Arms Hotel, South King Street, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893.

MLA15055 Early Modern Saw Mill, Buchanan Street, Blackpool

Saw Mill shown on first edition 1:2,500 map.

MLA15056 Early Modern Corn Mill, Charles Street - Buchanan Street, Blackpool

Corn Mill shown on first edition 1:2,500 map.

MLA15058 Early Modern King's Arms Hotel, Swainson Street, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, no longer extant.

MLA15059 Early Modern Veevers Arms Hotel, King Street - Cookson Street, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, still extant.

MLA15060 Early Modern Bowling Green, Deansgate, Blackpool

Green shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, no longer extant

MLA15061 Early Modern Talbot Hotel, Talbot Road, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map.

MLA15062 Early Modern Washington Hotel, Deansgate Street - Topping Street, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, still extant.

MLA15366 Early Modern Duke of York Hotel, Banks Street, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, still extant.

Table B2: Non-Designated Heritage Assets within the Study Area

MONUID PERIOD Name Summary

MLA15367 Early Modern Sunday School, Banks Street, Blackpool

School shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, no longer extant.

MLA15368 Early Modern Unitarian Chapel, Banks Street - Dickson Road, Blackpool

Chapel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, still extant.

MLA15369 Early Modern School, Queen Street, Blackpool

School shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, no longer extant.

MLA15370 Early Modern Station Hotel, Talbot Road, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, no longer extant.

MLA15371 Early Modern Christ Church, Queen Street, Blackpool

Church of England church of 1865-6 by J Medland Taylor, no longer extant.

MLA15372 Early Modern Vicarage, Queen Street, Blackpool

Vicarage shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, no longer extant.

MLA15373 Early Modern Sunday School, Springfield Road, Blackpool

School shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, still extant.

MLA15374 Early Modern Chapel, Springfield Road, Blackpool

Chapel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893; still extant, but no longer a chapel.

MLA15381 Early Modern Bailey's Hotel, Promenade, near Queen Square, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893. Now the Hotel Metropole.

MLA15383 Early Modern Drinking Fountain, Talbot Square, Blackpool

Fountain shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, no longer extant.

MLA15384 Early Modern Old Railway Hotel, Talbot Road - Parker Street, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, still extant.

MLA15385 Early Modern School, Talbot Road, Blackpool

Presumably built at the same time as the church, 1857, no longer extant.

MLA15386 Early Modern Theatre Royal, Talbot Road, Blackpool

Theatre shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893.

MLA15387 Early Modern Bank, Talbot Road, Blackpool

Bank shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893.

MLA15389 Early Modern Union Chapel, A583, opposite Clifton Street, Blackpool

General Baptist chapel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, no longer extant.

MLA15390 Early Modern Sunday School, Edward Street, Blackpool

School shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, no longer extant.

MLA15391 Early Modern Timber Yard, Edward Street, Blackpool

Yard shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, no longer extant.

MLA15392 Early Modern Mill, off Cedar Street, Blackpool

Steam saw mill on OS 1892 1:500 map, no longer extant.

MLA15393 Early Modern Police Station, opposite. Cheapside, Blackpool

Police Station shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, no longer extant.

MLA15394 Early Modern Crown Hotel, Birley Street, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, still extant.

MLA15395 Early Modern St. John's Market, Market Street, Blackpool

Market shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, no longer extant.

MLA15396 Early Modern Fleece Hotel, West Street - Market Street, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, still extant?

MLA15397 Early Modern Burtons Buildings (former Albion Hotel), corner of Church Street - Promenade, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893.

Table B2: Non-Designated Heritage Assets within the Study Area

MONUID PERIOD Name Summary

MLA15398 Early Modern Castle Inn, Market Street, Blackpool

Inn shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, no longer extant.

MLA15399 Early Modern Market Hotel, Corporation Street, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, no longer extant.

MLA15400 Early Modern Vicarage, Leopold Grove, Winter Gardens, Blackpool

Vicarage shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893; no longer extant.

MLA15401 Early Modern Skating Rink, Winter Gardens, Church Street, Blackpool

Rink shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893.

MLA15402 Early Modern Bowling Green, Adelaide Street, Blackpool

Green shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893.

MLA15403 Early Modern Toll Houses, Coronation Street, Blackpool

Toll Houses shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, no longer extant.

MLA15404 Early Modern Opera House, Winter Gardens, Church Street, Blackpool

Opera House shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, still extant.

MLA15405 Early Modern Adelphi Hotel, Carter Street, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893; still extant, possibly shown on OS 1847 six inch map.

MLA15406 Early Modern Congregational Chapel, Victoria Street, Blackpool

Chapel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893.

MLA15407 Early Modern Sunday School, Victoria Street, Blackpool

School shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893 probably associated with the adjacent chapel.

MLA15419 Early Modern Prince of Wales Market, Central Beach, Blackpool

Market shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, no longer extant.

MLA15420 Early Modern Prince of Wales Baths, Central Beach, Blackpool

Baths shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, no longer extant.

MLA15421 Early Modern County and Lane Ends Hotel, Central Beach, Blackpool

Hotel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, no longer extant.

MLA15422 Early Modern The Alhambra (former site of the Prince of Wales Theatre), Central Beach, Blackpool

The Prince of Wales was built in 1879 and was replaced by the Alhambra in 1900 which contained a theatre, circus, restaurant and ball room; demolished in 1961. Renamed the Palace in 1904 when the circus part was closed.

MLA24086 Early Modern Corner of Birley Street and Lytham Street, Blackpool

Manchester and County Bank opened in 1881, still extant.

MLA5923 Early Modern Blackpool Station, Talbot Road

Original Blackpool railway station on the Poulton and Blackpool Railway opened in 1846. Originally known as Blackpool (Talbot Road) Station, replaced by Blackpool North in the 1898.

MLA5951 Early Modern Blackpool, near Dickson's Hotel

Lime kiln shown on OS six inch map, 1847; no longer extant.

MLA30242 Early Modern Gustav Bitter, Blackpool 28th/29th December 1878. GUSTAV BITTER. A steamer in ballast Liverpool-Ghent grounded opposite Palace Hotel.

MLA30257 Early Modern Constitution, Blackpool Lytham, near Preston, 1 March 1825. The CONSTITUTION, of London, bound to Lancaster, was driven on shore last night, about 6 miles north of this place.

Table B2: Non-Designated Heritage Assets within the Study Area

MONUID PERIOD Name Summary

MLA30258 Early Modern True Love, Blackpool 1810 wreck of brigantine which stranded near Blackpool on her passage from Liverpool; a wooden sailing vessel, built in 1766 in Maryport.

MLA15382 Early Modern Toll Houses, North Pier, Blackpool

Toll Houses for the North Pier shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, no longer extant.

MLA15382 Early Modern Toll Houses, North Pier, Blackpool

Toll Houses for the North Pier shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, 1893, no longer extant.

MLA15057 Early Modern Chapel, Charles Street, Blackpool

Wesleyan Methodist chapel shown on first edition 1:2,500 map, no longer extant.

MLA12868 Modern Talbot Road Multi-storey Car Park and Bus Station, Blackpool

Multi-storey car park and bus station built in 1937-9. The first multi-storey car park in the country and immediately requisitioned by the air force on completion in 1939. Designed by GW Stead for the Blackpool Corporation.

MLA12847 Modern Princess Parade, Blackpool Early concrete colonnade, 1912. Part of the Blackpool Promenade, constructed around the Metropole Hotel.

Table B3: Listed Buildings within the Study Area

List Entry Name Grade

1205810 TOWER BUILDINGS I

1071998 STANLEY COTTAGE II

1072005 SUNDIAL 7 METRES SOUTH OF BISPHAM PARISH CHURCH (ALL HALLOWS) II

1072006 CORAL BINGO AND SOCIAL CLUB (KING EDWARD) II

1072008 CHURCH OF THE HOLY TRINITY II

1072009 RAIKES HALL HOTEL II

1072010 WAR MEMORIAL II

1072011 IMPERIAL HOTEL II

1072012 PROMENADE SHELTERS II

1072013 PROMENADE SHELTERS II

1072014 CENTRAL LIBRARY AND GRUNDY ART GALLERY II

1072016 GROUP OF EIGHT K6 TELEPHONE KIOSKS OUTSIDE HEAD POST OFFICE II

1072402 THE OLD COTTAGE II

1072404 FISH STONES II

Table B3: Listed Buildings within the Study Area

List Entry Name Grade

1072405 MARKET CROSS II

1072406 STOCKS II

1072407 WHIPPING POST II

1072408 25, 27, 29 AND 31, MARKET PLACE II

1073157 K6 TELEPHONE KIOSK OUTSIDE MIDLAND BANK II

1116645 MINERS' CONVALESCENT HOME II

1204609 2, MARKET PLACE II

1204619 4, 6 AND 10, QUEEN SQUARE II

1205755 ATTACHED WALL TO NORTH BLOWING SANDS AND ATTACHED WALL TO NORTH

II

1205761 1 AND 2, FISHERS LANE II

1205764 LITTLE MARTON MILL II

1205766 NORTH PIER II

1205804 PROMENADE SHELTERS II

1205886 BLACKPOOL CITADEL AND WINSTONE HOUSE II

1205893 TOWN HALL II

1225337 WALKERS HILL FARMHOUSE AND ATTACHED BARN AND SHIPPON II

1225402 GENERAL POST OFFICE (FRONT RANGE ONLY) II

1225407 ODEON CINEMA II

1225409 ELMSLIE SCHOOL II

1266353 K6 KIOSK II

1266355 K6 KIOSK II

1266368 K6 KIOSK II

1280483 PROMENADE SHELTER II

1362190 FOX'S FARMHOUSE II

1362191 1, VICARAGE ROAD II

1362385 STAINING WINDMILL II

1362390 BISPHAM PARISH CHURCH (ALL HALLOWS) II

1362391 CHURCH OF ST JOHN II

Table B3: Listed Buildings within the Study Area

List Entry Name Grade

1362392 PROMENADE SHELTER II

1362393 CLIFTON HOTEL II

1376194 CEMETERY CHAPEL II

1376195 METHODIST CHAPEL II

1376196 SYNAGOGUE II

1389506 THE CASINO AT BLACKPOOL PLEASURE BEACH II

1393721 CABIN LIFT II

1405845 SAVOY GARAGE II

1072007 THE WINTER GARDENS II*

1072015 CHURCH OF THE SACRED HEART II*

1072401 CHURCH OF ST CHAD II*

1280615 GRAND THEATRE II*

1387319 THANKSGIVING SHRINE OF OUR LADY OF LOURDES II*

Appendix C: Consultation Responses

From: Davison, Andrew Sent: 25 February 2016 10:53 To: Wendy Shaw Cc: Stallibrass, Sue Subject: Blackpool Tramway extension Dear Wendy,

Sue Stallibrass has passed on your email.

Historic England has no objection to the proposed tramway extension, and have made it clear in our formal response to the Planning Inspectorate’s consultation on your formal request for a screening/scoping opinion that we do not consider that the proposals will have a significant harmful impact on the historic environment. Indeed, we consider that the existing tramway can be said to contribute to the character of the Blackpool Town Centre Conservation Area.

Regards,

Andrew Davison Principal Inspector of Ancient Monuments North West Historic England | Canada House 3 Chepstow Street | Manchester | M1 5FW

1

From: Harold Blythe Sent: 08 April 2016 19:15To: Tramway ExtensionSubject: Extension of tramway to North Station

Dear Sir or Madam,   I am writing, in my capacity of Chairman of the Fylde Tramway Society, to offer our support for the tramway extension to North Station. Until now, the lack of a credible public transport link from the station to the hotels and other accommodation by the seafront, has been a major stumbling block for our members arriving from all parts of the country. The bus services, while providing links to other parts of the town, have never properly served the needs of the vast majority of our visitors. To have a modern, environmentally friendly and reliable service direct from the point of arrival will be a major selling point in the revitalisation of the town.   On a personal note, as a resident on the A587 at Rossall, it would be a boon to be able to travel direct to the Station. This would be a welcome payback for the many times I have dragged suitcases up Talbot Road, and I am sure there are many other Fylde residents to which the same will apply.   I wish you good luck with this very worthwhile project,   Yours sincerely,   Harold Blythe.  

Appendix D: Site Visit Photographs

Plate 1: View South on the Promenade (the Metropole Hotel (locally listed) right)

Plate 2: Clifton Hotel (NHLE 1362393) Grade II, Talbot Square

Plate 3: Counting House (locally Listed Building), Talbot Square

Plate 4: Royal Bank of Scotland (locally Listed Building), Talbot Road

Plate 5: Town Hall (NHLE 1205893) Grade II, Talbot Square

Plate 6: Church of the Sacred Heart (NHLE 1072015) Grade II*, Talbot Road

Plate 7: View West Talbot Road (towards Talbot Square)

Plate 8: View East Talbot Road

Plate 9: South Side of Talbot Road (south of Abingdon Street)

Plate 10: South Side of Talbot Road (north of Abingdon Street)

Plate 11: View West of Talbot Road (from corner of Topping Street towards Talbot Square)

Plate 12: Dickson Road

Plate 12: Abingdon Street (from Talbot Road)

Plate 13: General Post Office (NHLE 1225402) Grade II and Group of Eight K6 Telephone Kiosks (NHLE 1072016) Grade II

Plate 14: General Post Office (NHLE 1225402) Grade II (close up of the pair of Atlantes on tall pedestals)

Plate 15: Clifton Street (from Abington Street towards Talbot Square)

Plate 16: 22-28 Clifton Street (locally Listed Building)

Plate 17: Talbot Square