A Workshop for Communities Implementing Water Loss Management Prepared for Columbia Basin Trust

A Workshop for Communities Implementing Water Loss

Management

Prepared for Columbia Basin Trust by IKEN Services Ltd.

May 2013

Leak Detection Methods

• Introductions & Learning Objectives

• Review of Prior Work on Water Loss

• Leak Detection Methods & Equipment

• Break

• Field Work: Leak Detection Tools/Methods/Equipment

• Lunch

• Field Work: Leak Detection Tools/Methods/Equipment

• Break

• How Leak Detection Fits into a Water Loss Management Plan

By the end of this workshop participants will:

• Understand the role that leak detection plays in an overall Water Loss Management Program;

• Become familiar with the tools and equipment used in leak detection;

• Be able to identify types of distribution system leakage by various acoustic methods;

• Determine the feasibility and economy of common leak detection methods for their utility.

Community status reports

• On a sheet of flip chart paper, list the work done to date on water loss management in your utility.

• IWA Water Balance Components

• Night Flow Analysis

• Real Loss vs. Background Leakage

Quick Review from January 2013

7

System

Input

Volume

Authorized

Consumption

Revenue

Water

Non

Revenue

Water

Billed

Authorized

Consumption

Unbilled

Authorized

Consumption

ApparentLosses

RealLosses

Water

Losses

Billed Metered Consumption

Unbilled Unmetered Consumption

Unauthorized Consumption

Customer Meter Inaccuracies

Leakage on Transmission &Distribution Mains

Billed Unmetered Consumption

Unbilled Metered Consumption

Leakage on Service Connections up to metering point

Leakage and Overflows at Reservoirs

IWA Standard Water Balance

7

Putting the Pieces Putting the Pieces TogetherTogether

UARL calculation based on •mains length,•number of services,•customer meter location•average pressure

Pressure M anagem ent

Pressure

Management

Infrastructure LeakageIndex ILI

= CARL/UARL(ICF is zone ILI)

Active LeakageControl

Speed and Quality of Repairs

Speed and quality

of repairs

Active Leakage Control

Pipe M aterials M anagem ent:

selection,installation,

m aintenance,renew al,

replacem ent

Pipeline and Assets

Management: Selection,

Installation, Maintenance,

Renewal, Replacement

Unavoidable Annual Real

Losses UARL

Current Annual Real Losses CARL

8

• Active leakage is defined as an active effort to locate and repair unreported leaks

• Sonic Survey• Correlation Surveys• Noise Logging Surveys• Night Flow Sector Analysis• Temporary or Permanent

District Metered Area• Step Testing• Transmission Main Surveys

Active Leakage Control Measures

• We're going to look at acoustic methods of leak detection

• to support work done already in Night Flow Analysis within District Metered Areas.

Active Leakage Control Measures

Tackling Unreported Break Awareness

Awareness: length of time a leak runs before utility personnel are aware of it - you can't repair

what you don't know is out there!

A L R

BURST DURATION

FL

OW

RA

TE

TIME

Tackling Unreported Break Location

A L R

BURST DURATION

FL

OW

RA

TE

TIME

Tackling Unreported Break Repair

A L R

BURST DURATION

FL

OW

RA

TE

TIME

Active Leakage Control Measures

Recorded Profile vs. Estimated Legitimate Demand

12:00 AM 1:00 AM 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 5:00 AM

Time

Flo

wra

te Estimated Leakage

Recorded Profile

Estimated Legitimate Demand

Sonic Leak SurveysThe basic method for finding any leak is sounding. This method involves listening to each main’s fitting and service connection stop taps in a zone, DMA or suspected area, to determine if there is a noise that could potentially be a leak.

Sonic Leak Surveys…• Should be considered as a preventive

maintenance program; conducted routinely regardless of whether more advanced leakage methods are used.

• Not as effective on non-metallic pipes.

• Can be labour intensive

• Difficult to determine achieved savings or effectiveness without other monitoring in place.

…Sonic Leak Surveys• Incorporate listening methods when doing other

maintenance:– Hydrants– Valves– Service repairs– Main repairs

Noise Logging Surveys• Analysis of acoustic logger data

• A good leak noise will produce a steady concentrated sound.

• Typically a high peak with a narrow spread

• General wide spreads with no definite peaks are normal when no leaks are present

Noise Logging Surveys

Sonic Ground Microphone Surveys• Hard on the technician – walking and listening!• Everything sounds the same after a while.• Very effective over short distances.• Better used as leak location confirmation tool.

Correlation Surveys• More effective then sonic surveys but also much more time consuming and expensive.

• Correlation equipment in constant development.• Best used as a leak pinpointing tool.

Correlation Pinpointing• Correlation is only as good as information provided!• Proper training needed to interpret results.• Always confirm with ground microphone, if possible.

Correlators in Hard Situations• Unknown mixed pipe situation.

• I can hear it … but it won’t correlate!

• Background Noise!

Repair Time• The “Repair” component deals with how quickly the leak is isolated or a repair crew is dispatched and the repair completed.

• The “Quality” aspect covers the actual repair itself and is geared towards ensuring the following key components:

• Safety• Water Quality• Proper Training• Documentation

m3

/ day

75

reported mains burst

82.5 m3

1.1 Days

Lm3

/ day

unreported serviceconnection burst

> 4500 m3

25182.5 Days

RA

m3

/ day

16 Days

reported service connection burst

400 m3

25

RLA

Bursts with high flow rates don’t produce the largest volume of Real Losses! Run time is a key factor.

Step Testing

(Isolating (valving) sections of the DMA)

Step testing lets you sector off parts of your DMAs to further prioritize leak localization efforts.

Step Test between 1am & 3am

0

1

2

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1:50

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2:10

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2:20

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2:40

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4:20

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4:40

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4:50

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5:00

:00

time period (5 minute intervals)

flow

(litr

es/s

ec)

Reservoir Drop Test• By isolating a reservoir to a known area and determining the rate of

fall in the reservoir, minimum night flow can be established.

Township of King Temporary DMA ExerciseNightly Pressure Profiles, Schomberg

October 28 - November 1, 1999

30.8

30.9

31.0

31.1

31.2

31.3

31.4

31.5

31.6

31.7

31.8

1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00

Time (a.m.)

Pre

ssu

re (

m)

October 28, 1999

October 29, 1999

October 30, 1999

October 31, 1999

November 1, 1999

Legend

Active Leakage Control +Pressure Management

• Flow rates from unreported breaks are commonly estimated and added.

• But, as leaks are fixed, system pressure rises…• …background leakage increases…• …new breaks may be generated.

• Thus actual reduction in night flow is less then estimated.

• But…if pressure management is possible, pressure can be reduced as breaks are repaired.

• And full benefit obtained from active leakage control intervention.

• Familiarization with types of leak detection equipment

• Locating leakage in real time

• Distinguishing between types of sound

• Logistics for conducting leak sweeps

Group Work- Learning Objectives

Three Leak Areas

Progress through each station

Each operator uses equipment to pinpoint noise

Move to next station

Field Exercise- Agenda

Field Exercises- Location

C:\Users\Mike\Desktop\AATraining\CBT 2012\Administrative\leakdetection\Creston - Leak Detection Zones (May 2013).pdf

• Break into three groups:

– Jamie- using the correlater area 1

– Mike- leak locating area 2

– Meredith/Elise- leak locating area 3

Group Work- Learning Objectives

Field Exercises- Location

C:\Users\Mike\Desktop\AATraining\CBT 2012\Administrative\leakdetection\Creston - Leak Detection Zones (May 2013).pdf

Reform groups

Return to each station

Confirm leakage location and type

Review successes/challenges with different types of equipment

Move to next station

Field Exercise- Agenda

• With other members at your table, review your community's leak detection program

• Analyze needs in order to begin leak detection as presented

Developing a Water Loss Plan

• Present to the larger group results of your analysis and include:

• Budget

• Resources

Developing a Water Loss Plan

• What strategies are available to your community in order to meet Water Loss Targets?

• Advanced training?

• Pooled resources?

• Contract services?

Developing a Water Loss Plan

What's Next for Your Community?

Summary

Question & Answer

Evaluation & Wrap Up

• District Metered Areas Guidance Notes, 2007, J. Morrison, Water Loss Task Force

• Managing Leakage By DMA- A Practical Approach, J. Morrison, IWA Task Force 2004

• A Manager's Non Revenue Water Handbook, Farley & Wyeth, 2008

• AWWA Water Loss Committee

• NZ Water Loss Guidelines, Richard Taylor 2010

www.cbt.org/[email protected]

Meredith Hamstead, CoordinatorColumbia Basin Water Smart