A Study of Rural Public Transport System – A Case Study of Mysore and Chamarajanagar Districts 2014 CiSTUP Page 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION Rural Transportation is crucial for development of the rural parts of the country. Nearly seventy percent of the population of India lives in rural areas. The rural areas should be well connected by roads and also all the amenities like hospitals, educational institutions, markets for selling their produce etc., should be provided in the rural areas so that the rural people will not come to the city and there will be no congestion in the cities. 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The objective is to study the rural transportation system of two districts of Karnataka i.e., Mysore and Chamarajanagar Districts and come out with suitable suggestions to improve the rural transportation system in these two districts. 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The scope of the study is limited to the study of rural transportation system in two districts of Karnataka i.e., Mysore and Chamarajanagar Districts. The study aims to understand the problems faced by rural people in reaching their destinations because of lack of good rural transportation system. These two districts have been considered based on their backwardness and limited road network and low frequency of public transport existing in these districts. 1.4 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY The methodology of the study is given below, Problem Identification Literature Review Collection of Secondary Data Design of Questionnaire Collection of Primary Data Data Analysis and Interpretation Compilation of the Report
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A Study of Rural Public Transport System – A Case Study of Mysore and Chamarajanagar Districts 2014
CiSTUP Page 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Rural Transportation is crucial for development of the rural
parts of the country. Nearly seventy percent of the population
of India lives in rural areas. The rural areas should be well
connected by roads and also all the amenities like hospitals,
educational institutions, markets for selling their produce etc.,
should be provided in the rural areas so that the rural people
will not come to the city and there will be no congestion in the
cities.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective is to study the rural transportation system of
two districts of Karnataka i.e., Mysore and Chamarajanagar
Districts and come out with suitable suggestions to improve
the rural transportation system in these two districts.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study is limited to the study of rural
transportation system in two districts of Karnataka i.e.,
Mysore and Chamarajanagar Districts. The study aims to
understand the problems faced by rural people in reaching
their destinations because of lack of good rural transportation
system. These two districts have been considered based on
their backwardness and limited road network and low
frequency of public transport existing in these districts.
1.4 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
The methodology of the study is given below,
Problem
Identification
Literature
Review
Collection of
Secondary Data
Design of
Questionnaire
Collection of
Primary Data
Data Analysis and
Interpretation
Compilation of the
Report
A Study of Rural Public Transport System – A Case Study of Mysore and Chamarajanagar Districts 2014
CiSTUP Page 2
Chapter 2.0
LAND USE & DEMOGRAPHICS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The area of Mysore District is around 6854 sq. kms. The
increased urbanization and the growth of employment
opportunities has increased migration of people from rural
areas which has led to the growth of population and the
population of Mysore as per provisional results of the 2011
census is 2,994,744 persons. The city of Mysore is the second
largest city in the State of Karnataka, next to Bangalore. The
city is located at the base of the Chamundi Hills about 146 km
southwest of the State Capital – Bangalore. It is spread across
an area of about 128.42 sq.km (50 sq. mile). The city is known
for palaces and it is known as “City of Palaces”. The city has a
strong educational and technological base and pleasant
climate. There is tremendous increase in the number of
vehicles plying on the roads and the total number of vehicles
as of 31st March 2011 is 4,38,003.
The Chamarajanagar district is situated in the southern part of
the Deccan Peninsula and it is the southernmost district of
Karnataka State. The area of Chamarajanagar district is around
5101 sq. kms. The Chamarajanagar was one of the important
towns in Mysore District. But it was separated from Mysore
District on 15th August 1997 by the Government of Karnataka
by dividing 4 taluks from Mysore District and made
Chamarajanagar as a separate district. The Chamarajanagar
district is known for hill stations and pilgrim places. The river
Cauvery has a water fall namely Shivanasamudra which is one
of the important tourist attractions. The pilgrim places such as
Malai Mahadeshwara Hills, Biligiri Rangana (B.R.) Hills and
Himavat Gopalaswamy Hills are situated here. The oldest
National Park is situated in Gundlupet Taluk namely Bandipura
National Park which is now converted to as “Project Tiger”.
The Chamarajanagar has one of the oldest temples namely
“Chamarajeshwari Temple” in the heart of the town, which
has been worshipped by the earlier Wodeyar’s of Mysore
Kingdom and it is their hometown. The population of
Chamarajanagar district is increasing since the turn of the
century and has a population of 10,20,932 as per 2011 census.
A Study of Rural Public Transport System – A Case Study of Mysore and Chamarajanagar Districts 2014
CiSTUP Page 3
2.2 LAND USE PATTERN
The total geographical area of Mysore District is 6,76,382
hectares out of which 62,851 hectares constitutes the forest
land. The net cultivable land is 4,86,410 hectares and of this
1,14,010 hectares of land is irrigated. Mysore has two types of
forests and they are moist deciduous where the rainfall is 900-
1100 mm and dry deciduous where the rainfall is 700 – 900
mm and Mysore District has the third richest forest wealth in
the State.
Table 2.1 Area of Various Taluks of Mysore District
Sl. No.
Name of the Taluk Geographical Area (Sq.Km)
1. Piriyapatna 815
2. K.R. Nagara 605
3. Hunsur 897
4. H.D. Kote 1618
5. Nanjangud 982
6. T. Narsipura 599
7. Mysore 815
District Total 6331
Source: Mysore.nic.in/diststat
The Chamarajanagar District consists of four taluks with an
area of 5,69,901 hectares out of which 2,75,610 hectares
(48.36%) is covered with forest, cultivable area is around
1,72,335 hectares (30.24%), uncultivable area is around
43,994 hectares (7.72%), fallow land is around 41,977
hectares (7.37%) and other cultivable land accounts for 35,985
hectares (6.31%). The forest land is more concentrated in
Kollegal Taluk with an area of 1,93,259 hectares (69.08%),
Yelandur with an area of 10,589 hectares (40%), Gundlupet
with an area of 44,859 hectares (31.90%) and Chamarajanagar
itself has an area of 26,903 hectares (21.85%).
Table 2.2 Area of Various Taluks of Chamarajanagar District
Sl. No.
Name of the Taluk Geographical Area (Sq.Km)
1. Chamarajanagara 1226.67
2. Gundlupete 1392.88
3. Kollegal 2785.82
4. Yelandur 266.34
District Total 5101.00
Source: Chamarajnagar.nic.in/diststat
2.3 POPULATION GROWTH
The population of Mysore District as per 2001 census was
26,41,027 out of which male population was 13,44,670 and
female population was 12,96,357 and the population of
A Study of Rural Public Transport System – A Case Study of Mysore and Chamarajanagar Districts 2014
CiSTUP Page 4
Mysore District as per 2011 census was 29,94,744 out of
which male population was 15,11,206 and female population
was 14,83,538. The population in various taluks of Mysore
District is given below,
Table 2.4
Population in Various Taluks of Chamarajanagar District
Table 2.3 Population in Various Taluks of Mysore District
Sl. No. Name of the Taluk Population (As per 2001 Census)
1. Tirumakudal Narsipura 279005
2. Nanjangud 360223
3. Heggadadevankote 245930
4. Mysore 1038490
5. Krishnarajanagara 239199
6. Hunsur 253926
7. Piriyapatna 224254
District Total 2641027
Source: Mysore.nic.in/population
Source: Mysore.nic.in/population
The population of Chamarajanagar District as per 2001 census
was 5,68,684 and the population of Chamarajanagar District as
per 2011 census was 10,20,962 out of which male population
is 5,13,359 and female population is 5,07,603. The population
in various taluks of Chamarajanagar District is given below,
2.4 LITERACY
The literacy rate of Mysore District is quiet high when
compared with other districts of the State except Bangalore,
Udupi and Mangalore Districts. The total literates of Mysore
District is 19,65,492 out of which male literacy is 10,70,649
and female literacy is 8,94,843. The total literacy rate of
Mysore District is 72.56 percent which is more than the
national average as per 2011 census.
Sl. No.
Name of the Taluk Population (As per 2011 Census)
1. Chamarajanagara 3,58,084
2. Gundlupete 2,22,932
3. Kollegal 3,57,776
4. Yelandur 82,170
District Total 10,20,962
A Study of Rural Public Transport System – A Case Study of Mysore and Chamarajanagar Districts 2014
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Table 2.5
Literacy Rate by Gender (Mysore District)
Sl. No. Gender Literacy
1. Male 10,70,649
2. Female 8,94,843
Total 19,65,492
Source: Provisional Census 2011.
The literacy rate of Chamarajanagar District is low when
compared to other districts of the State. The total literates of
Chamarajanagar District is 5,66,076 out of which male literacy
is 3,15,321 and female literacy is 2,50,755. The total literacy
rate of Chamarajanagar District is 61.12 percent.
Table 2.6
Literacy Rate by Gender (Chamarajanagar District)
Sl. No. Gender Literacy
1. Male 3,15,321
2. Female 2,50,755
Total 5,66,076
Source: Provisional Census 2011.
2.5 Importance of Rural Transportation
A good rural road network with good bus transportation
system will go a long way in improving the economic lot of the
rural folks. Many rural areas remain backward due to lack of
connectivity and also due to lack of rural public transportation
system.
The average road length in Karnataka is 68.73 kms per 100
sq.km of geographical area. When the actual road length of
the taluks is compared with the state average, it is found that
90 taluks out of 175 taluks have road length less than the state
average of 68.73 kms per 100 Sq.kms. of geographical area.
Some of the taluks like Kollegal, Bijapura, Sindgi, Indi, Kodagu,
Jevargi etc., are way backward in road connectivity. More
importance should be given for these taluks in providing road
connectivity. Only when most of these taluks are well
connected by All Weather Roads (AWR) there are changes of
economic development in these regions. Karnataka should
follow the example of Kerala in providing road connectivity.
When there is good connectivity of roads bus transportation
can be provided either by public or private bus operators.
A Study of Rural Public Transport System – A Case Study of Mysore and Chamarajanagar Districts 2014
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Rural Bus Transportation on main corridors can be provided by
public bus operators like KSRTC and private bus operators can
provide bus service in rural areas thus acting as feeder service
to KSRTC buses. At present both the KSRTC and private bus
operators operate buses on main corridors due to which there
is competition among them which results in accidents.
Kerala has good road transport system. All the villages in
Kerala are connected by AWR or FWR and with such high
connectivity most of the people live in their villages and
commute to nearby towns for work. Due to this high
connectivity migration to towns is avoided. The whole state of
Kerala is a vast network of villages and small towns and there
are only few urban slums. Kerala’s high standard of living is
partly due to better roads and connectivity.
2.6 ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF RURAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
There are many economic impacts of rural public
transportation. Some of these economic impacts are,
a) Employment and Business Activity
A good public transportation system in rural areas can lead to
increased employment and local business activity.
b) Increased Mobility
Ability to access education and training programs can