ORIGINAL PAPER A Study of Innovative Alkali-Activated Binders for Soil Stabilisation in the Context of Engineering Sustainability and Circular Economy M. Mavroulidou 1 & C. Gray 2 & M. J. Gunn 1 & L. Pantoja-Muñoz 3 Received: 28 February 2021 /Accepted: 24 August 2021/ # The Author(s) 2021 Abstract In the context of sustainability in the civil engineering industry, chemical ground improvement is becoming increasingly used, as a generally more sustainable alternative to replacing and landfilling unsuitable for construction ground. However, traditional soil stabilisers such as Portland cement or lime are not environmentally impact-free; interna- tional research effort is thus focusing on the development of innovative cementing agents. This paper presents results from a feasibility study on the development of suitable alkali- activated slag cements for the stabilisation of two soils. A number of alkali-activators were considered, comprising potassium hydroxide, a range of alkali salts, as well as a material retrieved from waste (Paper Sludge Ash, PSA) which contains free lime. Indicative results of an extensive parametric study in terms of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) are shown, followed by results of ongoing oedometer tests to determine soil compressibility and some preliminary tests on selected soil/binder mixes to observe the durability to wetting-drying cycles. Overall, all alkali-activated cement mixes in- creased the UCS and stiffness of the soil. Carbonates and Na 2 SiO 3 used on their own gave lower strength increases. The highest strengths were achieved from AAC with KOH and Ca(OH) 2 from PSA, which showed similar strength gain. The latter material has shown consistently a lot of promise in terms of strength, stiffness and volumetric stability of the soil as well as treatment durability. Ongoing research focuses on further mix optimisation and a comprehensive mechanical and durability property testing supported by material analysis (mineralogical, chemical and microstructural) to gain a better understanding of the complex mechanisms involved. Keywords Alkali-activated cements; . Soil stabilisation; . Paper sludge ash; . Ground granulated blast furnace slag Circular Economy and Sustainability https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-021-00112-2 * M. Mavroulidou [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
A Study of Innovative Alkali-Activated Binders for Soil Stabilisation in the Context of Engineering Sustainability and Circular Economy
May 03, 2023
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