1 A Strategic Road Map to Implement Eco-Sustainable Water Infrastructure (Pembangunan Sumber Daya Air berbasis Lingkungan Berkelanjutan ) in Indonesia Eva G. Abal and Candra R. Samekto (for BAPPENAS and UNESCAP) Version 9 - January 2014 1 1 Please note that this remains in draft form prior to future consultation.
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1
A Strategic Road Map to Implement
Eco-Sustainable Water Infrastructure
(Pembangunan Sumber Daya Air berbasis Lingkungan
Berkelanjutan )
in Indonesia
Eva G. Abal and Candra R. Samekto
(for BAPPENAS and UNESCAP)
Version 9 - January 20141
1 Please note that this remains in draft form prior to future consultation.
i
Table of Contents
SUMMARY IV
I. BACKGROUND 1
A. WATER CHALLENGES IN INDONESIA 1
B. CONCEPT OF ECO-EFFICIENCY 2
A) WHAT IS ECO-SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE (ESWIN)? 3
B) INITIAL APPLICATION OF THE APPROACH IN INDONESIA: LESSONS LEARNEDERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
II. THE ROADMAP FOR ECO-SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE (ESWIN) 5
A. STATUS AND LEVERS FOR ESWIN 5
C) THE SIX ECONOMIC CORRIDORS AND RELATED WATER DEMANDS 8
D) INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 12
B. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ESWIN ROADMAP 12
B) ESWIN, SUPPORTING IWRM FRAMEWORK 15
C) EXTENDING ESWIN TO MANAGE THE WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS 15
C. THE PROPOSED ESWIN ROADMAP 17
A) OBJECTIVES AND PROCESS OF THE ESWIN ROADMAP 17
B) ROADMAP TARGETS AND TIMEFRAME 18
C) THE ESWIN ROADMAP FRAMEWORK 18
D) ENABLING COMPONENTS 20
D. PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES 29
III. APPENDIX 34
APPENDIX I: KEY STAKEHOLDERS FOR ESWIN ROADMAP 34
APPENDIX II. THE SIX ECONOMIC CORRIDORS 38
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Pathway to ESWIn and green growth in the six economic corridors ........................... 9
Table 2. Foundation activities: Institutional Coordination and Planning. ................................. 22
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Indonesia’s six economic corridors. ........................................................................... 8
Figure 2. Positioning ESWIn in Indonesia’s water regulations and River Basin plans. ....... 12
Figure 3. Positioning Eco-
Sustainable Water Infrastructure in Indonesia’s Policies and Plans. ..................... 14
Figure 4. ESWIn can be one of the effective approaches to achieve the vision of IWR
M Plans (e.g. Citarum IWRM Roadmap). ............................................................... 15
Figure 5. Paradigm shift required to reflect water-energy-food nexus...................................... 16
Figure 6. The overall targets of the Roadmap for 2013-2019 .................................................... 18
Figure 7. Proposed strategic framework for the implementation of ESWIn Roadmap. .......... 20
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ECO-SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE (ESWIn) FOR INDONESIA:
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Summary
1
I. Background
A. Water challenges in Indonesia
Indonesia is the second largest country in Asia and the Pacific in terms of total
renewable water availability2. It has average annual rainfall over 2500 mm, but this
falls disproportionately over the year. During the rainy season from May to September,
the country receives 80% of annual rainfall while the remaining 20% falls over a 7
month period. In addition, rainfall is not evenly distributed over the country. For
example, areas such as Bali and Java have abundant rainfall (~2000 mm/annum),
while other areas (such as Nusa Tenggara) receive very limited rain (~400-600
mm/annum). The spatial and periodic distribution of rainfall poses a challenge to
Indonesia’s water supply and water resource management, despite its abundant water
resources.
In addition, sanitation and drinking water are serious challenges. Over recent decades,
rapid urban and industrial development has contributed to a decline in water quality as
well as water availability. As a result, securing potable and clean water has been
challenging. Inadequate and aging water infrastructure and lack of operation and
maintenance capacity have compounded these problems. The increasing demand for
water due to rapid population and economic growth will further aggravate water
security in the future.
In the past, the development of water resources and infrastructure played a critical role
in stimulating rapid economic growth and reducing widespread poverty in Indonesia.
However, in recent years growing demand for water has put pressure on aging
infrastructure, requiring substantial long-term investment. Given the importance of the
role that water infrastructure has played in the socio-economic development of
Indonesia, inadequate and inefficient water infrastructure along with worsening water
2 United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. 2012. Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Bangkok, Thailand.
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security will likely most likely negatively affect national development prospects in the
long term.
To address the challenges facing water resource management, the Government of
Indonesia has initiated a water resources sector reform programme that encompasses
policy, institutional, legislative and regulatory measures. In parallel, the Government
has undertaken actions at the central and local levels to address the challenges of
water scarcity and use.
Overall, there remains a need for a new approach toward water infrastructure
development and a shift in paradigm to include community participation, effective
institutions and good information systems, and adequate data to augment conservation,
utilization and control3.
B. Concept of eco-efficiency
The dominant paradigm of natural resource management by centralized authorities has
resulted in unsustainable use of those resources, while sub-national authorities often
lack the means and legal powers to bring about change. This is especially so in the
cross-boundary dimensions of water systems, which suffer from a lack of coordinated
response and management of resources over different levels of the government. This
necessitates a fundamental shift in the management and use of resources, including
the development of effective and collaborative institutional frameworks and
relationships. However, developing countries, including Indonesia, face challenges in
transforming towards a new paradigm of infrastructure development and ecosystem
services that enhances productivity through adequate investment in those resources
while pursuing rapid economic development.
3 Sugiyanto and C. Samekto. 2008. The Status and Challenges of Water Infrastructure Development in Indonesia. Presented in the First Regional Workshop on the Development of Eco Efficient Water Infrastructure for Socio-Economic Development in Asia and the Pacific Region; Seoul, November 10-12, 2008.
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a) What is Eco-Sustainable Water Infrastructure (ESWIn)?
For Indonesia, eco-efficient water infrastructure is often referred to as eco-sustainable
water infrastructure (ESWIn). It can be defined as an integrated approach in water
infrastructure development to achieve ecological and economic efficiency through i)
maximizing the value of water related services; ii) optimizing use of natural resources
and; iii) minimizing impacts on ecosystems. In Bahasa Indonesia, ESWIn could be
referred to as “Pembangunan Sumber Daya Air berbasis Lingkungan Berkelanjutan”.
For water resources, the eco-efficient infrastructure approach represents a paradigm
shift of water resource management from market-based efficiencies dominated by
water supply to a more holistic strategy based on multiple objectives and balancing
ecosystem services, economic development and human welfare. In so doing it also
can be seen as complementing the outcomes of the United Nations Conference on
Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 2012 ( the Rio+20
Conference) which called for a shift to a green economy in the context of sustainable
development and poverty eradication4.
Water is recognized to be at the core of sustainable development and is closely linked
to a number of key global challenges 5 . In this connection, eco-sustainable
infrastructure contributes to achieving sustainable development and poverty reduction
by enhancing resource efficiency including energy and water resources. Therefore,
eco-sustainability in water infrastructure should be accepted as an implementing
strategy to achieve Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 1 (poverty reduction) and
MDG 7 (environment protection) in a complimentary manner.
Eco-sustainable infrastructure includes not only innovative physical components such
as green construction technologies and efficient management knowledge, but also
emphasizes non-physical or institutional infrastructure components such as promotion
4 United Nations. 2012. The Future We Want: Outcome document adopted at Rio+20.
5 United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. 2013. Chiang Mai Declaration. Adopted at the 2nd Asia Pacific Water Summit. 20 May 2013.
4
of ecological pricing and green tax reform, application of resource sensitive design
and integrated planning infrastructure, decentralized planning, and technologies which
support sustainable use of ecosystem services6.
Indonesia has initiated the shift towards eco-sustainable water infrastructure through
the National Medium-Term Development Plan 2010-2014 as one of the policy
directions in water infrastructure development, especially for raw water supply and
flood management. The concept of eco efficient clearly states on Chapter 5 of Book II
of the National Medium Term Development Plan 2010-2014 (page 56 and 65). One of
the water resources development objectives in the period of 2010 - 2014 is to increase
the coverage and quality of raw water service in optimal, sustainable, fair and
equitable manner by developing and applying low priced and environmental friendly
water treatment technologies in line with eco-efficient principles. Water related
disasters management particularly floods and landslide will be undertaken through
combined structural and non-structural approaches. It focuses on high density regions,
strategic areas, as well as the centre of economic growth by means of river
revitalization and applying eco-hydraulic values as a shifting paradigm from river
rehabilitation to river management.
Indonesia can potentially provide broader lessons in eco-sustainable water
management at the regional level. Indonesia’s economy is currently positioned as the
16th largest in the world by nominal GDP. In the water resources management arena,
Indonesia is also actively involved in many organizations such as Network of Asian
River Basin Organizations (NARBO) and Global Water Partnership South East Asia.
Many countries face similar challenges in terms of economic development and
environment issues to Indonesia. Indonesia’s experience in adopting such an
important conceptual and policy shift could therefore provide a positive example for
6 United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. 2011. The Policy Brief and Recommentation for Decision Makers on How to Integrate Eco-Efficiency into the Five-year Development Plan in Indonesia: A Discussion Paper. Bangkok, Thailand:UNESCAP.
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other nations in addressing the challenges and barriers in managing water resources
for the development of a green economy in the context of sustainable development
and poverty eradication, as a core outcome of the United Nations Conference on
Sustainable Development (Rio+20 conference)7.
II. The Roadmap for Eco-Sustainable Water Infrastructure
(ESWIn)
A. Status and Levers for ESWIn
Eco-sustainable water infrastructure (ESWIn) development provides a mechanism to
address the challenges of accelerating economic development in the context of climate
change and disaster resilience in Indonesia. A number of existing plans and strategies
provide levers for the operationalization of the ESWIn concept in Indonesia and
provide a strong basis for the implementation of the ESWIn Roadmap.
ESWIn operationalizes the principles adopted in various laws and regulations into
planning documents and offers coherence across different levels of government, i.e.
national, provincial and district/city levels. Local governments are very important
players in the implementation of ESWIn. ESWIn should be reflected in the existing
planning process and is aimed to complement rather than duplicate existing roadmaps
that aim for sustainable development.
a) Indonesia’s Water Reform: The Water Act (Law 7/2004)
Indonesia’s Water Act covers all aspects of water resources including water resources
conservation, management, and control damage to the environment caused by
overexploitation of water resources. Law7/2004, based on the IWRM principle, is
aimed at promoting a coherent, integral, sustainable and open approach to water
resources management. More importantly, the law encourages community, businesses
7 United Nations. 2012. The Future We Want: Outcome document adopted at United Nations Conference on Sustainable development (Rio+20 conference)
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and non-government organizations to participate in the process of planning for the
integrated management of water resources.
b) National Development Plans
i. Long-Term National Development Plan (RPJN 2005-2025)8
The National Development Vision for 2005-2025, which is embedded in Indonesia’s
Long Term National Development Plan, is an Indonesia that is self-reliant, advanced,
just and prosperous. The Plan, which is stated in Law 17/2007, outlines eight National
Development Missions summarized as: 1) Realizing a society that has high morals,
ethics, culture, and civilization, based on the Pancasila; 2) Realizing a nation that is
competitive; 3) Realizing a democratic society based on the rule of law; 4)
Realizing an Indonesia that is secure, peaceful, and united; 5) Realizing development
that is equitable and just; 6) Realizing an Indonesia that is balanced and sustainable;
7) Realizing Indonesia as an archipelago nation that is self-reliant, advanced, strong,
and that is based on the national interest; and 8) Realizing an Indonesia that has an
important role in the international community.
ii. Medium –Term National Development Plans (RPJMs)9
The strategy to implement the Vision and Mission is specified in five-year stages in
the form of the Medium-Term Development Plans. It has four separate medium term
plans and each term has a scale of priorities and development strategy that constitute a
continuity of scale of priorities and development strategies of preceding periods. The
Second RPJM (2010-2014) aims at the greater consolidation of the reform of the
country in all fields by emphasizing endeavors for increasing the quality of human
resources, including the promotion of capacity building in science and technology and
8 Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS), Republic of Indonesia. 2005. The National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN 2005 – 2025).
11 Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS), Republic of Indonesia. 2010. The National Mid-Term Development Plan (RPJM 2010-2015)
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the strengthening of economic competitiveness. Amongst other objectives, the second
Medium-Term National Development Plan advocates for the accelerated development
of infrastructure by further enhancing cooperation between the government and the
business community.
iii. Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia’s Economic
Development (MP3EI)10
Indonesia’s Master Plan (2011-2025) is an integral part of the National Development
Plan. MP3EI directive is aimed at implementing the 2005-2025 Long-term National
Development Plan, with the vision of the acceleration and expansion of Indonesia’s
economic development to create a self-sufficient, advanced, just, and prosperous
Indonesia. Therefore, it aims to provide the building blocks to transform Indonesia
into one of the ten major economies in the world by 2025. MP3EI features two main
elements of development: ‘Acceleration’ and ‘Expansion’. The acceleration element
of development is expected to boost Indonesia’s economic growth. By 2025,
Indonesia aims a per capita income of USD 14,250-USD 15,500 with total GDP of
USD 4.0-4.5 Trillion.
Indonesia’s economic development targets encompass all regions of Indonesia, and
will impact on all communities across the country. To achieve this objective, the
MP3EI promotes both existing and new growth centers, which combine sectoral and
regional development approaches into one strategy. This strategy will increase the
accumulative growth of the development within individual regions, and at the same
time reduce spatial imbalance between regions. Reflecting specific characteristics and
local conditions, each region will have its own development plan. With regard to the
Roadmap to ESWIn, all development plans have significant implications for water
resources management.
To achieve these goals, the MP3EI identifies eight main programmes which consist of
12 Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs and Ministry of National Development Planning. 2011. Masterplan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia Economic Development 2011 - 2025. 1 ed. Jakarta: Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs.
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twenty two main economic activities. The three main elements of the implementation
strategies are as follow:
a. Developing the regional economic potential in 6 Indonesia Economic Corridors:
Sumatra Economic Corridor, Java Economic Corridor, Kalimantan Economic
Corridor, Sulawesi Economic Corridor, Bali – Nusa Tenggara Economic
Corridor, and Papua – Kepulauan Maluku Economic Corridor;
b. Strengthening national connectivity locally and internationally;
c. Strengthening human resource capacity and national science and technology to
support the development of main programs in every economic corridor.
c) The Six Economic Corridors and Related Water Demands
Under the MP3EI, the focus for national development will be through six economic
corridors that comprise all major economic regions in Indonesia, as illustrated in
Figure 1. The theme for each economic corridor is formulated taking into
consideration the vision of: Indonesia as basis for global food security, center of
processing products of agriculture, plantation, fishery, mineral and energy resources
as well as a center of global logistics.
Figure 1. Indonesia’s six economic corridors
9
The following Table 1 of the ESWIn Roadmap evaluates the water-related demands
placed through the development economic corridors, and the options which exist
through policy to ensure sustainable resource management with the key focus being
on water. Appendix 2 outlines the corridors in detail.
9
Table 1. Pathway to ESWIn and green growth in the six economic corridors
Economic Corridor
Characteristics Economic Development Focus Challenge in Economic
Development ESWIn Leading Agencies
Sumatera Rich Natural resources Minerals and mining Medium to heavy rainfall Moderate population
density
Main economic activities are palm oil and rubber (agriculture and industry), coal, steel and shipping
Construction of Sunda Straits Bridge
Improvement of transport services (land handling and port capacity)
Land and water use competition – within agriculture (paddy, palm oil and rubber) and between agriculture, industry, settlements (domestic use)
Deforestration Wastewater issues
especially from mining and industries
Water supply provision for supporting high demand from ports and industrial activities as well as domestic use in urban and rural areas
Promoting sufficient use of water for managing water demand through introduction of new technology together with incentive mechanisms and public awareness campaigns
Small-scale water supply alternatives for domestic use particularly in rural areas, e.g. community managed water supply systems and rainwater harvesting at household level
Proper use of decentralised cheap technology for treating wastewater, e.g. constructed wetlands
PPP for centralised water supply provision for urban areas and industries
Payment for environmental services and polluter pay principles
Provision of sufficient power for industry
Local Governments Ministry of Environment Ministry of Public Works
Java Large population High densities Humid tropical climate with
heavy rainfall Fertile soil especially for
paddy
Shifting to services-based economy
Main economic activities; food & beverage, textile, transportation equipment, shipping, ICT, defence equipment, and greater Jakarta area
Improvement of transport systems (port, mass public
Water supply and sanitation provision for people in both urban and rural areas
Water supply provision for industries and other economic activities
Huge electric power demands
Land subsidence and groundwater over
Sustainable electric power generation, e.g. solar cell, biogas and micro-hydro power plant for remote rural areas
Rainwater harvesting to increase access to safe and clean water; and at the same time reduce flood peak flow
SRI and irrigation water reuse (with optimised treatments)
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry of Public Works Local Governments
10
Economic Corridor
Characteristics Economic Development Focus Challenge in Economic
Development ESWIn Leading Agencies
transport, and roads) Provision of electricity, clean
water treatment plant and wastewater treatment facilities.
Reforming flood control systems
extraction in some big cities Waste water issues Flooding
Cheap and proper decentralised sanitation technologies
Water sensitive urban design, water reuse and water recycle
Centralised waste water treatment plant through PPP especially for industry
River cleaning and restoration
Kalimantan Large land areas including tropical forest
Massive peat land areas Medium to heavy rainfall Natural resources potential Majority of the people in
rural areas work in farming and fisheries sectors
Main economic commodities; oil and gas, coal, palm oil, steel, bauxite and timber
The development of supporting infrastructures: improving access roads and transportation networks, increasing river and sea port capacities, increasing electricity generating capacity,
Conservation issues (forest and peat land)
Water supply and electricity provision for mining and industry in remote areas
Massive electricity demand for industries
Clean water and sanitation provision particularly in remote rural areas
Environmental impacts especially from mining
Sustainable electric power generation, e.g. water generated power plant (micro hydro power)
Sustainable forest and peat land management
Proper spatial planning and implementation
Decentralised water supply system, electric power generation, and waste water treatment plants (including sanitation) in remote areas (for mining and industry activities as well as domestics)
Law enforcement and incentives mechanism
Ministry of Forestry Ministry of Environment Ministry of Public Works Local Governments
Sulawesi Large land area Long coast lines Medium to heavy rainfall Moderate population
density
Main economic activities; agricultural sectors (rice, corn, soybean, and cassava), cocoa, fisheries, nickel and oil & gas.
Increasing agricultural production
Developing big-scale and home
Competing use of land and water for agriculture and industry activities
Environmental impacts from mining and industry
Provision of water and electricity for economic
Law enforcement and incentives mechanism
Small scale decentralised community based water supply systems and sanitation provision
Centralised water supply and waste water treatment in urban areas
Ministry of Public Works Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Environment Local Governments
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Economic Corridor
Characteristics Economic Development Focus Challenge in Economic
expansion and electricity generation (amongst other demands) requires greater
attention.
In addition, in seeking to secure and utilize water resources to support the
development of economic corridors as national development policy, there is a need to
also look beyond a single-sector approach and also develop multi-institutional
relationships.
The Government of Indonesia recognizes a need to enhance water security by
embedding the concept of eco-sustainability into national development strategies and
plans. To achieve this, BAPPENAS and UNESCAP with support from the Korea
International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) has initiated the development of the
Strategic Roadmap to support implement Eco-sustainable Water Infrastructure in
Indonesia. In so doing the ESWIn Roadmap aims to support the stated goals of
accelerated economic growth and the achievement of environmentally sustainable
development and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. As seen Figure 3, the
ESWIn Roadmap is positioned as a supporting strategy to implement the MP3EI.
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15
Figure 3. Positioning the Eco-Sustainable Water Infrastructure in Indonesia’s Policies and Plans
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The Roadmap, outlined from page 18, defines the vision, timeframe, and framework
for such actions, and supporting activities. The key players to implement the Roadmap
are identified in appendix 1.
b) ESWIn—Supporting IWRM Framework
ESWIn can play a role in targeting the operationalization of relevant water regulations.
ESWIn as an approach can play a critical role in the Pola dan Rencana (River Basin
Planning Documents). For example, implementing ESWIn in Bandung can be one of
the effective approaches to realise and compliment the vision of the Citarum IWRM
Roadmap (figure 4).
Figure 4. The Citarum IWRM Roadmap (source?)/ESWIn can be one of the effective approaches to achieve the vision of IWRM Plans (e.g. Citarum IWRM Roadmap)
c) Extending ESWIn to Manage the Water-Energy-Food Nexus
A combination of rapid economic growth and shifting consumption and production
patterns will intensify demand for food, water and energy to unprecedented levels in
Indonesia in coming decades. Many of these challenges are interdependent, and can
no longer be managed as separate issues or through segmented sectors. Increasingly
there is a need to develop integrated planning modalities and to shift planning systems
and institutional relationships towards integrated nexus planning in which ecosystem
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services are understood and managed holistically. Figure 5 clearly illustrates a
paradigm shift toward the nexus planning.
The nexus of water, food and energy security in a time of climate change has attracted
increasing attention. Managing ecosystem services to support rapid economic growth,
and the demands of more urban-driven national development, is essential to ensure
strong economic performance, social equity, environmental sustainability, and
effective governance. Water is critical to this framework, and is increasingly central to
food and energy security debates and actions. These demands must be effectively
understood and managed.
To address the challenges associated with the food-water-energy nexus, development
of eco-sustainable water infrastructure needs to be considered for both the urban and
rural context and for the long term. ESWIn can play a crucial role by promoting
sustainable growth and poverty reduction through enhancing resource efficiencies and
access.
Figure 5. Paradigm shift required to reflect water-energy-food nexus
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C. The Proposed ESWIn Roadmap
By 2025, the Roadmap aims to improve human wellbeing for present and future
generations through eco-sustainable water infrastructure that will a) optimize the
value of water resources, while b) minimizing the impact of development on
ecosystems
To achieve this vision, the ESWIn mission is: to enable and develop infrastructure in
urban, rural, agricultural, industry and energy sectors that will:
Improve water, food and energy efficiency;
Reduce wastes and
Achieve clean rivers.
a) Objectives and Process of the ESWIn Roadmap
The objectives of the Roadmap are:
1. To define an agreed ESWIn vision for Indonesia and its economic regions;
2. To outline and propose a mechanism to re-align existing planning documents;
3. To coordinate the various activities amongst different sectors related to water
resource development to achieve clean rivers;
4. To provide an effective communication process to raise awareness,
understanding, and support for the ESWIn approach; and
5. To define and guide the implementation plan and corresponding activities
towards the ESWIn vision, including knowledge and capacity building and
funding mechanisms.
To achieve these objectives, the Roadmap for ESWIn will be delivered in two phases:
Phase 1: The development of a Strategic ESWIn Roadmap
This document outlines Phase 1. This phase will highlight the critical complementary
role of the ESWIn Roadmap in supporting the MP3EI principles. This current phase
will have the major objective of raising awareness and engaging key stakeholders. In
this Phase, BAPPENAS, as Coordinating Agency for the Roadmap, will implement a
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holistic awareness and engagement strategy on the ESWIn Roadmap. This phase will
deliver an ESWIn Implementation Plan (Phase 2).
Phase 2: The Implementation of the ESWIn Roadmap
The development of a detailed Implementation Plan of the ESWIn Roadmap will
facilitate a commitment from all key stakeholders through an engagement process.
Through monitoring and evaluation of the outcomes of the implementation stage, the
roadmap can be reviewed and refined over time.
b) Roadmap Targets and Timeframe
The timeframe for the implementation of the ESWIn Roadmap (Phase 2) is proposed
to be aligned with the third Medium-Term National Development Plan (RPJM),
specifically the third RPJM, which includes the period 2015-2019. To ensure this,
Phase 1 of the ESWIn Roadmap will be implemented over the period 2013-2014. The
overall targets of the Roadmap are specified in the following diagram:
Figure 6. The overall targets of the Roadmap for 2013-2019
c) The ESWIn Roadmap Framework
The strategic framework will be refined and finalized in consultation with a broad
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range of key stakeholders and experts to ensure an agreed and integrated approach to
the implementation of the roadmap. An overall agreed vision for ESWIn is supported
by activities around a number of water-related key sectors, which form the “pillars” of
an implementation plan for ESWIn in Indonesia. The vision will be underpinned by a
concept of green growth/green economy, consistent with the MP3EI. The aim is to
ensure that ESWIn is dovetailed with existing plans.
ESWIn is a holistic strategy based on multiple objectives, scales, sectors and
stakeholders within the framework of protecting ecosystem services for human
welfare in a participatory manner. ESWIn will ultimately promote sustainable growth
and poverty reduction by enhancing resource efficiency in the context of water-
energy-food nexus.
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Figure 7. Proposed strategic framework for the implementation of the ESWIn Roadmap
d) Enabling components
In order to realize the implementation of the key components of the Roadmap it is
essential that it is supported by a prioritization of investment in infrastructure,
promotion of eco-efficiency in national development planning, and a fostering of
collective capacity and institution building.
In line with its tasks and function, BAPPENAS will lead the initial efforts to develop
the implementation plan for ESWIn Roadmap for Indonesia. The role of BAPPENAS
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will include, but not be limited to:
Facilitation of communication and coordination in developing the roadmap
Coordinating and monitoring the implementation stage
Acquiring and sharing of knowledge on innovative mechanisms of