A Short History of Freshwater Science (aka, Limnology)

A Short History of Freshwater Science

(aka, Limnology)

Early Limnology: Lake Morphology

Early Limnology: Temperature Profiles

Early Limnology: Crazy Microorganisms

Early Limnology: Nuisance Algal Blooms

Advances in the last 200 years

Freshwater Systems as

MICROCOSMS

Freshwater Systems as

INTEGRATORSOR

Stephen Forbes (1844-1930)Forbes SA. 1887. The lake as a microcosm. Bull of the Peoria Scientific Association, Reprinted Bulletin of the Illinois State Natural History Survey 15: 537-550.

Raymond L. Lindeman (1915-1942)

Cedar Bog Lake, MN

Lindemann RL. 1942. The trophic-dynamic aspects of ecology. Ecology 23: 399-418.

Margaret B. Davis

Rogers Lake, CT

Davis MB. 1969. Climate changes in southern Connecticut recorded by pollen deposition at Rogers Lake. Ecology 50: 409-663.

Davis MB. 1969. Climate changes in southern Connecticut recorded by pollen deposition at Rogers Lake. Ecology 50: 409-663.

Depth (m)

Age (yrs 1000)

Streams and Rivers as

Nature’s Plumbing

Gene E. Likens and Herb Bormann

The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH

1 km

The Small Watershed Concept

Sample input… …and output

Whole-Watershed Manipulations

Effect of Forest Removal on Stream Temperature

Effect of Forest

Removal on Nutrient Export

Advances in the last 150 years

Freshwater Systems as

MICROCOSMS

Freshwater Systems as

INTEGRATORSAND