This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Stakeholders’ strategies / policies with respect to a specific technology (functionality)
Adopt technology
Dimension resources
Configure technology
Use technology
ISP
Longer
Shorter
Adap
tatio
n tim
esca
le
At each stage conflicting incentives may exist at the socio-economic layer. The combination of actors’ strategies lead to a tussle outcome, which is characterized by the benefit that stakeholders get.
• If the tussle outcome is considered “unfair” by a subset of stakeholders, they can react by:• Leaving the system• Adopting another technology/ reconfiguring the selected one• Asking the regulator to intervene by restricting other
stakeholders’ policies• … hence making the outcome unstable
• Even though a tussle outcome can be considered “fair” by all stakeholders of that particular functionality, it can destabilize other functionalities (spillover effect to other tussles)
Analyzing the anticipated tussles can shorten unstable periods & help the long-term success of a technology
Purpose of Tussle Analysis• Defines a systematic approach for understanding the impact of
introducing new Internet technologies• Why a new technology is needed today?• What are the interests of existing stakeholders today?• What options do existing technologies offer to stakeholders?• What are the properties of existing outcome in terms of performance
& stability? • What would be the effect of a new technology to the ecosystem in
the future? • How would the interests of existing and new stakeholders be
affected?• How would the options of existing and new stakeholders be affected? • Can this technology help reaching a “fairer” outcome regarding this
functionality, or increase efficiency in case of an already stable outcome?
Don’t hesitate to contact us if your research project is interested in performing a tussle analysis for understanding the existing (and/or future) socio-economic issues related to your proposed Future Internet technologies.
• A tussle-aware Internet protocol should• lead to a stable outcome by allowing all involved
stakeholders to express their interests and affect the outcome (“Design for Choice” Principle)• It does not impose one particular outcome because no one
can guess it
• avoid spillovers to other functionalities (“Modularize along the tussle boundaries” Principle)
Clark, D. D., Wroclawski, J., Sollins, K. R., and Braden, R.: Tussle in Cyberspace: Defining Tomorrow’s Internet. IEEE/ ACM Trans. Networking 13, 3, pp. 462-475, June 2005
• The “Design for choice” principle provides guidance in designing protocols that allow for variation in outcome. Useful properties are: • “Exposure of list of choices” suggesting that the stakeholders
involved must be given the opportunity to express multiple alternative choices and which the other party should also consider.
• “Exchange of valuation” suggesting that the stakeholders involved should communicate their preferences in regard to the available set of choices (for instance by ranking them in descending order).
• “Exposure of choice’s impact” suggesting that the stakeholders involved should appreciate what the effects of their choices are on others
• “Visibility of choices made” suggesting that both the agent and the principal of an action must allow the inference of which of the available choices has been selected. Clark, D. D., Wroclawski, J., Sollins, K. R., and Braden, R.: Tussle in Cyberspace: Defining Tomorrow’s Internet. IEEE/
ACM Trans. Networking 13, 3, pp. 462-475, June 2005
Towards avoiding tussle spillovers to other functionalities
• The “Modularize the design along tussle boundaries” principle helps in identifying whether tussle spillovers can appear.
• A protocol designer can check any of the following two conditions:• “Stakeholder separation”, or whether the choices of one
stakeholder group have significant side effects on stakeholders of another functionality (another tussle space), for example creates economic externalities between stakeholders of different tussle spaces.
• “Functional separation”, or whether different stakeholders use some functionality of the given technology in an unforeseen way to achieve a different goal in some other tussle space, i.e., the functionality of technology A interferes (and possibly cancels) with functionality of technology B.
Clark, D. D., Wroclawski, J., Sollins, K. R., and Braden, R.: Tussle in Cyberspace: Defining Tomorrow’s Internet. IEEE/ ACM Trans. Networking 13, 3, pp. 462-475, June 2005