A seminar report on lubricants

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Seminar Report

On

“STUDY OF LUBRICANT IN

MANUFACTURING”

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Acknowledgement

I am heartily thankful to my supervisor, PROF: Darshan Vaishnav & PROF: Hani Chotai, whose encouragement, guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop an understanding of the subject.

I am also thankful to our HOD: PROF Suresh Pareek to give a chance to understanding this subject.

Lastly, I offer my regards and blessings to all of those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the project.

Krunal Patel.

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Abstract

Lubricant is the basic requirement in all manufacturing industries to lubricate the sliding and rolling component to reduce the wear and tear and for increasing the life component.

Now a day there are many types of the lubricant are used depending upon their requirement so we can select proper lubricant according the working condition of the component.

So we will see in this seminar basic types of lubricant which is used in the industries.

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  CONTENTS…

topics Page no.

Introduction. 1

Lubrication system component 2

Requirements & characteristic of lubricant

3

Types of lubrication system 4

Splash lubrication system.(fig.) 5

Parameters affect to lubricant 6

Types of Lubricants. 7

Castor oils. 8

Synthetic oils 9

Grease 10

Grease(fig.) 11

Solid Lubricant & figure. 12

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INTRODUCTION

What is lubricant?

It is a viscous liquid which is applied between the two moving or sliding surfaces which reduces the friction, wear and heat.

No metal to metal contact occurs.

Lubrication

Lubrication is the act of applying lubricant and lubrication substance which are capable of reducing friction between moving mechanical parts.

Lubricants are liquid, semi-liquid or solid substances that are used between two surfaces which are in close condition and are in motion, to reduce the friction caused between them.

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Lubrication is the process or the method adopted to introduce take lubricant between the two surfaces to reduce the wear and tear of the surfaces and to help in easing the pressure generated between the opposing surfaces.

The introduced lubricant film can be a liquid, solid, solid-liquid dispersion, liquid-liquid dispersion (greases) or in unusual circumstances even a gas. In most cases it is a liquid.

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Lubrication system component

Engine bearings

Oil pressure indicator

Oil seals and gaskets

Oil cooler

Engine oil

Oil pump

Pressure relief valve

Oil filter

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Requirements & Characteristic of Lubricants.

The Most important characteristic is its viscosity.

The resistance of an oil to flow. High viscosity is oil that flows slowly. Low viscosity is oil that flows freely.

Lubrication reduces sliding and rolling frictions for increasing the life of parts and components and also prevents the wear.

Reduce Electrical and Mechanical power consumption.

Protect bearing and other Components from corrosion and rust etc.

Obtain smooth and noiseless working.

To reduce wear and tear.

Wide range of variety so selection of lubricant is easy according to our requirement.

Lubricants will occupy the clearance between moving parts through the capillary force, thus sealing the clearance. This effect can be used to seal pistons and shafts.

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TYPES OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM

a. Pressure lubrication .

i. A mechanical pump supplies oil under pressure to the bearings throughout the engine.

ii. The mechanical pump is mostly used in all Pressure lubrication systems.

b. Splash lubrication.

i. Used in addition to pressure lubrication on aircraft engines.

ii. A scoop is provided through which lubrication is carrying out.

iii. A scoop is attached to the piston which move with the piston directly.

iv. Working is easy though the quantity is not controlled.

c. Combination of pressure & Splash.

i. Positive introduction of oil to the bearings and other components.

ii. Cooling effect is done by the large quantities of oil.iii. It is directly supply to the component so Satisfactory

lubrication in various parts of the engine.iv. No waste of any oil during lubrication.

d. Wet sump lubrication.

i. System consists of a sump, in which the oil supply is contained.

ii. The sump is attached to the bottom of the engine and through which whole engine is lubricated..

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e. Dry sump lubrication.

i. Oil supply is carried in a separate tank.ii. Scavenger pumps used to return the oil to the tank.

iii. Used in radial engines and engines capable of sustained inverted flight.

Splash lubrication system.

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Parameters affect to lubricant

A no. of factors affects to determine effectiveness of lubricant.

These factors include load, temperature, viscosity, flow rate, speed, alignment, condition of surface, and purity of the lubricant.

At low speed cohesiveness is required to keep the lubricant from being squeezed out from between the two surfaces.

If the load is higher than lubricant required the use of high viscosity lubricant.

Purity is main consideration to obtain effective lubrication to whole engine and also prevent scaling because impure substance causes ineffective lubrication.

Flow rate is also maintained to prevent the wastage of the lubricant oil and also control the heat generation.

Lubricant is supplied to according to the whole surface condition.

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Types of Lubricants.

Castor oils. Synthetic oils. Mineral oils. Grease. Silicone oils. Etc…

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A. Castor oils.

Castor oil is natural plant oil obtained from the seed of the castor plant. The castor seed is the important products as one of the world's most important industrial oils.

Castor oil was one of the earliest commercial products.

CASTOR SEEDS.

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Synthetic oils.

Synthetic oils that are use where extreme temperature, fire resistance, and other special application

requiring their chemical characteristics.

Advantage of synthetic oils.

Better chemical & shear stability

Decreased evaporative loss.

Improved fuel economy in certain engine configurations.

Better lubrication on cold starts

Longer engine life

Limitation:-

The production and capital cost of synthetic oils is high.

Environmental question in handling and disposing of some type of synthetic oils have also been a more difficult..

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Grease

These commonly consist of 80-90% mineral oil with 10-20% of Bingham oil.

Normally Grease is semisolid.

This semisolid nature of grease provides some shear strength, when the applied shear stress is greater than a critical value.

Greases are typically applied in areas where a continuous supply of oil cannot be retained, such as gears.

Normally grease can sustain temperature up to 180 degree.

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Grease

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Solid Lubricant

It Provide film between two moving parts to reduce friction and wear, usually for following:-

high temperature,

aerospace,

nuclear radiation,

And other environment high temperature where not tolerated by oils and grease.

Solid lubricants are materials which are able to reduce friction between two surfaces sliding against each other without the need for a liquid media.

Graphite , hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide are examples of materials that can be used as solid lubricants, often to very high temperature. The use of some such materials is sometimes restricted by their poor resistance to oxidation

APPLICATION:-

a. Used in extreme temperature and pressure.

b. Solid lubricants are effective in application where the lubricated equipment is immersed in water that may be polluted by other lubricants, such as oils and grease.

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Solid Lubricant(fig.)

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CONCLUSION

Lubrication is fundamental to the operation of all engineering machines. It is required to minimize friction, wear and also provides a cooling function and a surface protection function.

There are any varieties available like liquid lubricant, solid lubricant & Gas lubricant so the study of lubricant is very important to satisfy and to improve performance of lubricating oils.

After this seminar we can conclude that Lubricant is very important substance in the all mechanical component and also in sliding and rolling component to improve working.

REFERENCES

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WEB:

www.Engine_drivetech.com www.Moray-stark(lubrication) http://www.digilube.com/about.htm http://www2.tech.purdue.edu http://www.findtoyou.com/powerpoint/lubricant.html http://www.slideworld.com/slideshows.aspx www.edocfind.com/en/ ppt / lubricants . ppt -1.htm happytreeflash.com/ppt-on-liquid-lubricants-ppt.htm www.extremefriction.physics.ncsu.edu

BOOKS:

Applied Tribology By, Michel M. khonsari. Tribology Hand Book By

For Friction, Wear, & Lubricants. McGarey, William G. The Oil That Heals: A

Physician's Successes with Castor Oil Treatments. A.R. E. Press, 1993.

Wilson, Billie Ann, et al. Nurses Drug Guide 1995. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1995

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