A SELECTED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY NATURAL …pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAY499.pdf · Sebuah Bibliografi Pilihan dan Beranotasi . ... Analisa Dampak Lingkungan/Environmental Impact

A SELECTED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON NATURAL RESOURCES AND

THE ENVIRONMENT OF INDONESIA AND GUIDE TO ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

Laura Murphy August 1987

Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan Indonesia Sebuah Bibliografi Pilihan dan Beranotasi serta

Petunjuk Sumber Informasi Tambahan

Translated by Hira Jhamtani (penterj emah)

Environmental Planning and Management Project

International Institute for Environment and Development

This document was produced for the Environmental Planning and Management Project of the International Institute for Environment and Development under contract NGO/IA/87-02. It was developed at the request of USAID/Indonesia as background material for a review of natural resources and environmental policy and management in Indonesia.

The author has worked in Jakarta with Indonesian environmental organizations since 1983. The translator is staff of the Secretariate of the NGO Network for Forest Conservation (jKEPHI).

The Environmental Planning cnd Management Project is a cooperative

agreement between the International Institute for Environment and Development and the U.S. Agency for International Development to respond to requests for assistance from developing countries in a variety of environmental and natural resource management problems.

Single copies of this document are available free from:

International Institute for Environmeut and Development 1717 Massachusetts Ave. N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20036 (202) 462-0900

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Dokumen ini dibuat untuk proyek Perencanaan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (Environmental Planning and Management Project) pada Lembaga Internasional Lingkungan Hidup dan Pembangunan (International Institute for Environment and Development), berdasarkan kontrak nomor NGO/IA/87-02. Dokumen imi disusun atas permintaan USAID/Indonesia sebagai bagian dari tinjauan pengelolaan dan kebijakan sektor lingkungan hidup dan sumber daya alam Indonesia.

Penulis telah bekerja di Jakarta dengan lembaga swadaya masyarakat di bidang lingkungan hidup, sejak tahun 1983. Penterjemah adalah staf dari Sekretariat Kerjasama Untuk Pelestarian Hutan Indonesia (SKEPHI) di Jakarta.

Proyek perencanaan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup adalash

persetujuan kerjasama antara International Institute for Environment and Development dan Lembaga Amerika Serikaz untuk Pembangunan Internasional (U.S. Agency for International Developwent). Tujuan proyek ini adalah memberikan bantuan sesuai permintaan dari negara-negara berkembang dalam berbagai masalah pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan lingkungan.

Dokumen ini dapar diperoleh cuma-cuma dari:

1717 Massachusetts Ave. N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036

(202) 462-0900

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This bibllography was compiled onl' with assistance from many sides. I wish to acknowledge the aupport and materials provided by all the individuals and their institutions listed in Part Two of this document; the many government, research, university, development and non-governmental agency representatives. Particular appreciation goes to the initiator, Ronald Greenberg of USAID and members of the USAID environmental review team for whom this bibliography was originally brought into existence. Joyce provided invaluable skills as typist, and Hira was a quick and accurate translator. Thank you.

UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH

TERIMA KASIH kepada senua yang telah membantu dan memberi bahan bagi penyusunan bibliografi ini.. Pertama, terima kasih kepada individu-individu dan lembaga-lembaga yang mereka wakili yang tertera di Bagian Dua dokumen in!. Para pejabat dan peneliti ini merupakan perwakilan lembaga pemerintah, LSM, donor, penelitian dan univezsitas. Selaniutnya, penghargaan khusus patut diberikan kepada Ronald Greenberg, yang mempelopori penulisan dokumen ini, serta anggota tim survei ling.eungan dari USAID. Joyce merupakan pengetik ahli yang sangaL saya hargai, dan pekerjaan Hira selalu cepat dan tepat.

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CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv Ucapan Terima Kasih

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii Dafcar Singkatan

INTRODUCTION 1 Pengantar 6

USING THE BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 Cara Menggunakan Bibliografi 7

KEY TO BIBLIOGRAPHY

Kunci Bibliografi 10

PART 1: SELECTED ANOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF INDONESIA 11

Bagian 1: Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan Indonesia Sebuah Bibliogrdfi Pilihan dan Beranotasi 11

I. BACKGROUND 11 Latar Belakang

o Policy and Regulations (Kebijakan dan Peraturan)

o General (Umum)

II. FORESTRY AND LAND USE 16

Kehutanan dan Tata Guna Lahan

o Background/General (Latar Belakang/Umum) o Tropical Forestry (Masalah Hujan Tropika) o Transmigration (Transmigrasi) o Agroecology and Land Management (Agroekologi dan

Pengelolaan Lahan)

III. WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION 33 Pelestarian Air dan Tanah

IV. COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES 39 Sumber Daya Laut dan Pesisir

V.. CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 46 PelestariauL Keanekaragaman Hayati

VI. PESTICIDES 53 Pestisida

VII. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS 57 Dampak Peobangunan Industri

VIII. HUMAN ECOLOGY AND URBAN ENVIRONMENT 66 Ekologi Manusia dan Lingkungan Perkotaan

Ix. INSTITUTIONS AND INITIATIVES 70 Lembaga-lembaga dan Inisiatif

o GOI-Donor, (Pemerintah Indonesia-Donor) o NGO and Research Agencies (LSM dan Lembaga Penelitian) o University Environmental Study Centers (Pusat Pr:nelitian

Lingkungan Hidup di Universitas)

PART 2: GUIDE TO ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 79

Bagian 2: Petunjuk untuk Sumber Informasi Tambahan

I. A. CONTACTS IN INSTITUTIONS 79

B. KONTAK PERORANGAN DAN LEMBAGA 87

C. SUMMARY: Selected Contact Persons 92 According to Field

Ringkasan: Kontak-Kontak pilihan menurut bidangnya

II. ADDRESS LIST OF AGENCIES 95 Daftar Alamat Lembaga-Lembaga

III. JOURNALS, MAGAZINES AND BULLETINS 99 Majalah'dan Buletin

IV. INFORMATION SOURCES/LIBRARIES 103 Sumber Informasi/Kepustakaan

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ANDAL

BAPPENAS

BIOTROP

BKPSL

BOR.IF

BPS

CIDA

DOA

DOF

EMDI

FAO

Ford

G01

HPH

IBRD

lIED

IPB

ITB

IUCN

KEPAS

KLH

KLH Asmen

KRAPP

LBH

LBN

LIPI

LP3ES

LSM

LSP

MAB

NGO

PC

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Daftar Singkatan

Analisa Dampak Lingkungan/Environmental Impact Analysis Badan Perencanaau Pembangunan Nasional/National Development Planning Board Southeast Asia Regional Center for Tropical Biology/Pusat Biologi Tropika Badan Kerjasama Pusat Studi Lingkungan/Board for Cooperation among Environmental Study Centers Bogor Research Institute for Food Crops/Badan Penelitian

Tanauan Pangan Bogor Biro Pusat Statistik/Central Bureau of Statistics Canadian International Development Agency Department (Ministry) of Agriculture/Departemen Pertanian Department (Ministry) of Forestry/Departemen Kehutanan Environmental Management Development for Indonesia (United Nations) Food and Agriculture Organization Ford Foundation Government of Indonesia/Pemerintah Indonesia Hak Pengusaha Hutan/Forest Concession permit International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Institute for Environment and Development Institut Pertanian Bogor/Bogor Agriculture Institute Institut Teknologi Bandung/Bandung Institute of Technology Internaticial Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Kelompok Penelitian Agroekosistem/Agroecosystem Study Group (Department of Agriculture) Menteri Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup/State Ministry for Population and the Environment KLH Asisten Menteri/Assistant Minister to KLH Kelompok Relawan Anti-Penyalahgunaan Pestisida/NGO Network against the Misuse of Pesticides Lembaga Bantuan Hukum/Legal Aid Institute (see PPBN-new name) Lembaga Biologi Nasional

Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia/Indonesian Institute of Sciences Lembaga Penelitian, Pendidikan dan Penerangan Ekonomi dan Sosial/Institute for Economic and Social Research, Education and Information Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat/Community self-reliant organization (NGO) Lembaga Studi Pembangunan/Development Studies Institute Man and Biosphere Project Non-Governmental Organization/LSM Pesticide Commission/Komisi Pestisida (Department of Agriculture)

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PDII

Perhutani

PPBN

PPLH

PPLH-IPB

PPLH-ITB

PPLH-UGM

PPSDL-UNPAD

PPSML-UI

PSPK

PUSDI-PSL

SK

SKEPHI

SKREPP

UGM

UI

UNDP

UNESCO

UNPAD

USAID

USAID/ARD

WALHI

WWF

YIH

YPMD

Pusat Dokumentasi Informasi Ilmiah (dahulu PDIN)/National Center for Scientific Information Documentation (previously PDIN)

Perusahaan Hutan Indonesia/State Forestry Company Pusat Penelitian Biologi Nasional/National Center for Biology Research

(Menteri) Pembangunan dan Pengawasan Lingkungan Hidup (sejak 1983, KLH)/Ministry for Development and Environment Supervision (since 1983, KJR) Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup InstItut Pertanian Bogor/Center for Environmental Studies, Bogor Agriculture Institute (also see PUSDI-PSL-IPB) Pusat Peaelitian Lingkungan Hidup Institut Teknolog! Bandung/Center for Environmental Studies, Bandung Institute of Technology Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup Universitas Gajah Mada/ Center for Environmental Studies, Gajah Mada University Pusat Penelitian Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan Universitas Padjadjaran/Center for Research on Natural Resources and the Environment, PadjadJaran University Pusat Penelitian Sumber Daya Manusia dan Lingkuiigan-UI/ Center for Research on Human and Natural Resources, University of Indonesia Pusat Studi Pengembangan Kelautan/Center for Marine Resources Development Studies Pusat Studi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (IPB)/Natural Resources and Environment Management Study Center %IPB) (new name of PPLH) Surat Keputusan/governmental decree Sekretariat Kerjasama untuk Pelestarian Hutan Indonesia/ NGO Network for Forest Conservation in Indonesia Sekretariate KerJasama Relawan untuk Penanggulangan Pencemaran/NGO Network for Pollution Control Universitas Gajah Mada/Gajah Mada University Universitas Indonesia/University of Indonesia United Nations Development Program United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Universitas Padjadjaran/Padjadjaran University U.S. Agency for International Development USAID Office of Agriculture and Rural Development Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia/Indonesian Environmental Forum World Wildlife Fund Yayasan Indonesia Hijau/Green Indonesian Foundation Yayasan Pengembangan Masyaralkt Desa/Rural Community Development Foundation

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INTRODUCTION

This document is the second, improved version of a bibliography originally commissioned by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) in Jakarta, Indonesia, as part of a country specific environmental review undertaken in May 1987. An officer of USAID/Jakarta arranged the review by a team of environmental experts and the consultancy to produce the bibliography. Briefly, the USAID review team assessed the current environmental conditions in Indonesia and identified institutions and current initiatives, particularly as they related to the efforts of USAID. They prepared a report and recommendations for ongoing

or new USAID involvement in environmental conservation and development policy and activities. The report is being used for internal planning purposes within USAID.

The preparation of a bibliography of information resources concerning the environment and natural resources of Indonesia was considered important for several reasons. First, while there is much information available, there is a shortage of accurate environment/ natural resources information and little is readily accessible or known to those who might need it. Second, Indonesia suffers from a wide range

of environmental concerns, exacerbating the first problem by sheer diversity of topics to be covered (especially for the USAID team assessment). Obtaining reliable information is an energy and time-consuming process. Finally, it was recognized that a broad-ranging

bibliography for the Indonesian environment and natural resources did not yet exist. Such a document would be useful to many Indonesian and international organizations such as development agencies, environmental research centers, universities, government departments, and environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

I produced this document after meeting with environmental experts

and officials from various sectors, discussing the major issues and activities, and collecting recommended and available documents for review. In the course of producing this bibliography, in addition to collecting documents, I gathered other useful information on institutions, libraries, and journals related to environment/natural resourcer. This information is compiled in Part Two of this report, a "Guide to Additional Information Resources". This section describes institutions' programs, and lists pecples, libraries, and periodical

publications. It is intended to complement the bibliography by assisting readers in tracking down ipecific citations and obtaining further information on a subject.

Hopefully, this document, as an attempt to classify and disseminate knowledge of important environmental issues and efforts, will encourage further exchange and application of information in Indonesia.

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USING THE BIBLIOGRAPHY

As the bibliography was prepared in a short time, some readers may find it lacking in some areas while sufficient in others. It is best to keep in mind the limitations within which this list was prepared. It will also aid the reader to understand the criteria for organizing documents, also discussed below. As usual in classifying, some arbitrariness was called for, so the reader may occasionally have to cross-index for him/herself.

Limitations

Considering the breadth of issues and volume of information available, I set priorities and made assumptions to limit the task to one possible in the given time and resources. (The original document was produced within a month, limited to libraries and contacts on Java. The improved version was produced over the following few months through intermittent work.)

First, I focused my search towards environmental or natural resource assessments, syntheses of research, and other overviews. I disregarded many specific, specialized reports except as additional information when the document seemed to shed new light on the topic.

also considered whether documents would be likely to be available outside the country. The purpose was to emphasize reports by Indonesian institutions, which tend to be poorly distributed and hard to locate although frequently deserving of attention.

Next in priority were reports by consultants and researchers working on projects of the Indonesiao government and international donor and development agencies (especially USAID). I reasoned that these documents would be useful to inform others on the various activicias and initiatives of the many institutions at work here, as well as to provide data on a specific issue (i.e., soil conservation).

Of last importance were articles for popular consumption which merely rehashed information and issues already represented in original research and studies. Exceptions were articles which presented new or important viewpoints (for example, on transmigration) and which seemed to be a particularly concise, clear and objective introduction to the issues at hand.

In addition to these priorities, I further simplified my task in that I did not attempt to provide complete abstracts for all the documents I reviewed. This would have been an impossible in the time given. However, I attempted to provide sufficient information in the notes to guide readers to the documents which suit their purpose.

I

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I also did not attempt to cover population as an environmental issue, as the issue would require a bibliography of its own. This problem is covered in various documents as a factor in environmental stress, in human ecology, and other areas of intersection between the two fields. Similarly, energy as an issue was left out, although the theme is touched on in various documents.

I did not particularly emphasize Enlish or Indonesian language materials, but selected according to availability, quality and topic.

Although English predominates overall, the balance varies from one topic to another.

In general, I did not review documents produced prior to 1980 (an

arbitrary cut-off date). There have been many changes in the condition and quality of the environment since then. Also, an unmanageable amount of materials has emerged just since 1980, let alone before then.

Classification

The system I used to organize the citations is fairly simple. I will briefly describe the criteria for each classification to assist the reader in locating materials and cross-indexing, among categories.

I. General

This section covers environmental policy, strategy and regulations and comprehensive environmental sector reviews. Also, here are books and

articles discussing environment and development issues in general, cr which cover a wide range of specific ccncerns.

II. Forestry and Land Use

Documents pertaining specifically to forestry policies and the forestry sector are included here, as well as general statistics on

forests and land use. This section covers tropical forest issues (ecology, shifting cultivation, indigenous tribes, etc.) and transmigration in sepirate sections. Agro-forestry, social forestry, land conversion, reforestation and other approaches and probiems in land use are combined in a final area. The following category is closely related tk this one.

il. Water and Soil Consjervation

Although related to section II above, this section was sufficiently large and significant to list separately. Major donor and 0O watershed project papers, land resource assessments, feasibility studies, &oil conservation measures and recommendations are contained here, as well as major workshop proceedings and articles discussing watershed issues more generally.

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IV. Coastal and Marine Resources

This section contains major studies for development of the marine and coastal sector, such as fisheries, mining, etc. It includes research results of specific environmental concerns such as pollution and erosion) and studies and recommendations concerning conservation of coral reef, mangrove forest, and other marine habitats. Additional conservation materials are contained in the next section.

V. Conservation of Biological Diversity

This section lists national conservation plans and strategies, assessments of conservation needs of significant natural habitats, and reports on genetic and natural resource conservation activities and institutions, including the national park system. Various articles on genetic diversity are included here. Specific issues in forestry and coastal sectors may be found listed in those sections as well.

VI. Pesticides

This contains materials documenting the growth of the domestic pesticide industry, production and use of pesticides, impacts on humans and the environment, such as resistance: integrated pest management and other approaches, and specific GOI regulations pertaining to pesticides.

VII. Industrial Development Impacts

Included here are reports of environmental impact analyses of industrial development areas in Jakarta, West Java, Aceh and Kalimantan. Also included are an ocean pollution study, research on water quality in urban areas, a Jakarta Bay pollution study and management plan, and urban waste and disposal studies (also see the Human Ecology and Urban Environment section).

VIII. Human Ecology and the Urban Environment

Contained here are mostly papers and articles by the environmental study centers with a human ecology approach. Action research in W. Java uplands, urban fringe development, scavengers, aerial mapping for urban planning, and urban waste management are the major topics. There are also several studies of quality of the urban environment (also see section VII, Industrial Development Impacts).

IX. Institutions and Initiatives

These materials are mostly reports and publications from NGO, university, donor and government agencies (Kd!) describing their activities and areas of concern. Also included are papers eddressing environmental education and manpower needs. As a guide to current activities, see also major reports mentioned in Section I (General).

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IV. Coastal and Marine Resources

This section contains major studies for development of the marine and coastal sector, such as fisheries, mining, etc. It includes research results of specific environmental concerns such as pollution and erosion, and studies and recommendation& concerning conservation of coral reef, mangrove forest, and ocher marine habitats. Additional conservation materials are contained in the next section.

V. Conservation of Biological Diversity

This section lists national conservation plans and strategies, assessments uf conservation needs of significant natural habitats, and reports on genetic and natural resource conservation activities and institutions, including the national park system. Various articles on genetic diversity are included here. Specific issues in forestry and coastal sectors may be found listed in those sections as well.

VI. Pesticides

Tnis contains materials documenting the growth of the domestic pesticide industry, production and use of pesticides, impacts on humans and the environment, such as resistance: integrated pest management and other approaches, and specific GOI regulations pertaining to pesticides.

VII. Industrial Development Impacts

Included here are reports of environmental impact analyses of industrial development areas in Jakarta, West Java, Aceh and Kalimantan. Also included are an ocean pollution study, research on water quality in urban areas, a Jakarta Bay pollutiin study and management plan, and urban waste and disposal studies (also see the Human Ecology and Urban Environment section).

VIII. Human Ecology and the Urban Environment

Contained here are mostly papers and articles by the environmental study centers with a human ecology approach. Action research in W. Java uplands, urban fringe development, scavengers, aerial mapping for urban planning, and urban waste management are the major topics. There are also several studies of quality of the urban environment (also see section VII, Industrial Development Impacts).

IX. Institutions and Initiatives

These materials are mostly reports and publications from NGO, university, donor and government agencies (KLH) describing their activities and areas of concern. Also included are papers addressing environmental education and manpower needs. As a guide to current activities, see also major reports mentioned in Section I (General).

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Final Notes

To further aid the reader, I have designated documents on the basis of their significance according to subjective and objective indicators: such as the extent to which it is referenced by others, the scale of effort, the reputation of the author, recommendations from expe-rts, and the uniqueness of the topic or approach. Some designations may be questioned, but still the attempt to differentiate should be of some use. The designations do not reflect the quality of the data or presentation, merely its overall importance.

A double star "**" signifies fundamental or particularly significant documents, for example background legislation or landmark studies. A single star "*" signifies those which seems particularly useful for a topic. Any other documents can be considered valuable for additional reading for more knowledge or perspective on a given subject.

Following each citation, sources are given in parentheses, i.e., (KLH, WALHI), to dssist in locating and obtaining the document. A list describing these places and how to locate them is given in section two (Information Sources and Libraries), of the Guide to Additional Resources. These sources include the original implementing agencies as well as libraries or collections.

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PENGANTAR

Bibliograft ini disusun atas permintaan Lembaga Amerika Serikat untuk Pembangunan Internasional (USAID) Jakarta sebagai bagian dari tinjauan sektor lingkungan yang dilaksanakan bulan Nei 1987. Penyusunan bibliografi ini merupakan sarana untuk membantu tim peninjau sektor lingkungan tersebut.

Bibliografi sumber informasi bidang lingkungan dan sumber daya alam Indonesia dianggap penting karena beberapa alagan. Pertama, informasi dan data akurat tentang berbagai aspek lingkungan Indonesia sangat kurang. Informasi yang ada kadang-kadang tidak diketahui lokasinya atau tidak terjangkau oleh yang nemerlukannya. Indonesia sedang menghadapi sejunlah masalah lingkungan yang sangat be'aneka ragam,

keadaan yang menyulitkan proses pencarian data. Banyak waktu dan tenaga

dihabiskan dalam pencarian dokumen referensi.

Selain itu, bibliografi semacam ihi belum dibuat, tetapi dianggap

dapat digunakan oleh lembaga-lembaga laLn seperti departemen pemerintah,

Pusat Studi Lingkungan dan LSM Adang lingkungan. Mudah-mudahan bibliografi inl dapat mendukung program lingkungan lainnya.

DaJsxm mengumpulkan judul dokumen untuk bibliografi ini, penulisnya bertemu dengan ahli serta pejabat lingkungan, dau mengulas dokumendokumen. Penulisnya bertemu dengan sekitar lebih dari 30 orang dan/atau lembaga di Jakarta, Bogor, Bandung dan Yogyakarta. Mereka terdiri dari anggota-anggota lembaga penelitian, pemerintah, departemen, universitas LSM dan badan-badan pembangunan. Pertemuan dengan berbagai pihak ini sangat bermanfaat untuk mendapat gambaran kegiatan bidang lingkungan

hidup dan mengidentifikasi serta mendapatkan dokumen. Karenanya,

keterangan yang mereka be--ikan juga says cantumkan di Bagian Kedua laporan ini, bersama alamat-alamat, daftar perpustakaan, dan deskripsi

beberapa majalah dan buletin yang dianggap berguna. Bagian Kedua ini merupakan Petunjuk untuk Sumber Informasi Tambahan.

Dengan demikian, dokumen ini mencakup beberapa macam informasi:

1. Kumpulan dokumen bidang lingkungan dan sumber daya alam di Indonesia, beserta keterangan singkat mengenai isi tiap-tiap dokumen, serta tempat dokumen disimpan.

2. Daftar perorangan dan lembaga yang bergerak dalam bidang sama beserta alamat mereka.

3. Daftar sumber-sumber lain dan alamatnya; perpustakaan, majalah dan buletin.

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CARA MENGGUNAKAN BIBLIOGRAFI

Pads awalnya, draft pertama bibliografi ini selesai disusun pada bulan Maret 1987, namun kemudian direvisi dan diterjemahkan. Laporan yang sekazang ini lebih Jelas dan seimbang. Walaupun denikian, pembaca mungkin masih menemukan kelemahan-kelemahan dalam bibliografi ini. Disini saya membicarakan keterbatasannya. Kemudian, sistem klasifikasi dijelaskan untuk membantu dalam pencarian dokumen yang tepat.

Keterbata3an

Banyak informasi mengenai berbagai aspek masalah dan kegiatan di bidang lingkungan hidup Indonesia yang tersedia. Mengingat ukuran informasi yang besar ini, saya membuat beberapa prioritas untuk membatasi sumber informasi yang saya kumpulkan dan dengan mempertLmbangkan waktu yang pendek saya batasi pada sumber informasi di pulau Jawa.

Pertama, dalam mengumpulkan dokumen says menekankan pada analisa lingkuigan hidup atau sumber daya alam, sintesa penelitian, dan kajian. Dengan demikian, saya melevatkan banyak studi kasus yang spesifik serta laporan penelitian khusus kecuali sebagai informasi tambahan, atau kecuali jika tidak tersedia bahan dokurnentasi lain. Dengan kata lain, tujuati says adalah menseleksi dokumen-dokumen yang akan menyajikan gambaran akurat tentang keadaan lingkungan hidup serta lembaga-lembaga yang berkaitan di Indonesia saat ini.

Kemudian, saya mengidentifikasi sumber informasi prioritas untuk mencari sumber informasi primer dan dokumen-dokumen yang kemungkinau tidak terdapat di luar Indonesia. Jadi, saya mencari dokumen dan artikel yang terutama di tulis oleh peneliti, ahli lingkungan dan pejabatpejabat Indonesia. Hal inl saya lakukan karena laporan-laporan oleh lembaga-lembaga Indonesia cenderung tersebar kurang luas dan sukar dicari, walaupun sering bersifat penting. Selanjutnya saya memilih bahan-bahan yang ditulis oleh konsultan dan peveliti untuk pemerintah, lembaga donor dan badan-badan pembangunan internasional.(terutama

USAID). Dokumen yang kurang penting adalah makalah populer yang ditulis oleh jurnalis, karena cenderung berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu; kecuali yang memang membahas isyu baru atau hal yang rumit, cecara jelas dan singkat, untuk pars pembaca awam.

Selanjutnya, abstrak yang saya cantumkan mungkin kurang lengkap, karena tidak memungkinkan, mergingat waktu yang sempit. Sebaliknya, saya mencoba menyajika catatan informasi yang memadai untuk mengarahkan pembaca kepada dokumen yang mereka cari.

Dalam bibliografi ini, says tidak mencantumkan secara khusus topik kependudukan atau energi hebagai topik lingkungan. Namun topik-topik ini tercakup dalam berbagai dokuzen, misalnya sebagai faktor tekanan terhadap lingkungan.

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Koleksi publikasi in! terbatas pada karya-karya yang diterbitkan sejak 1980 (dengan beberapa pengecualian). Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan daftar terbaru mengenai topik-topik yang ada, Juga karena Jumlah penerbitan sudah banyak sekali sejak 1980, apa lagi sebelumnya.

Akhirnya, saya tidak member! tekauan khusus pada bahan bahasa Inggeris atau Indonesia. Saya menseleksi menurut penyediaan, mutu dan topik. Walaupun, secara umum, dokumen bahasa Inggeris lebih banyak, keseimbangan bahasa bervariasi dar topik ke topik. Judul buku tetap dalam bahasa aslinya.

Sistem Klasifikasi

Sistem yang saya gunakan untuk mengatur sitasi in! cukup sederhana. Namun, saya akan menguraikan dengan singkat is! dari tiap kelompok untuk membantu pembaca dalam mencari bahan-bahan.

Selain itu tanda dua bintang (**) meuunjukkan dokumen-dokumen dasar atau yang mempunyai kepentingan khusus, misalnya peraturanperaturan dan penelitian sektoral. Tanda bintang satu (*) menunjukkan

bahan-bahan yang tampaknya berguna untuk topik-topik tertentu. Dokumen-dokumen lain bisa dianggap sebagai bacaan tambahan untuk mempelajari atau mendapat gambaran lebih jauh mEngena! suatu topik.

I. Topik Dasar

Ini meliputi kebijakan, strategi dan peraturan-peraturan lingkungan hidup, tinjauan tentang lingkungan hidup dan arcikel-artikel yang membahas topik lingkungan dan pembangunan secara umum.

Ii. Kehutanan dan lata Guna Lahan

Bagian in! meayajikan dokumen-dokumen khusus mengenai kebijakan dan sektor kehutanan, selain juga statistik umum kehutanan dan tata guna lahan. Dokumen-dok:men mengenai masalah hutan tropika (peladangan be rpindah, kebakaran hutan tahun 1982-83) dan transmigrasi dapat ditemukan di sin!. Yang terakhir, dicantumkan pula topik agro-forestry, perhutanan sosial, konversi lahan, reboasasi, dan pendekatan untuk pemecahan masalah termasuk uraian tentang proyek.

III. Pelestarlan Air dan Tanah

Walaupun berAubungan dengan bagian II, kelompok in! cukup besar untuk dipisalkan. Kelompok ini meliputi makalah-makalah proyek pelestarian DAS (Daerah Aliran Sungai) utama yang ditangani donor dan pemerintah Indonesia, serta analisa, penelitian kelayakan, studi Sumber daya tanah, langkah-langkah atau rekomendasi bag! pelestarian tanah.

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IV. Sumber Daya Pantai dan Laut

Bagian ini mencakup analisa dan usulan dalam bidang pengembangan sektor sumber daya laut dan pantai, hasil penelitian masalah lingkungan yang khusus seperti pencemaran dan erosi, serta penelitian kebutuhan khusus akan pelestarian habitat laut.

V. Pelestarian Keanekaragaman Hayatl

Pada kelompok ini terdaftar rencana dan strategi. pelestarian nasional, analisa kebutuhan pelestarian alam, laporan kegiatan dari 1Kmbaga-lembaga pelestarian plasma nutfah, serta informasi tentang sistem Taman Nasional. Dokumen yang secara khusus membahas isyu pelestarian hutan dan pelestarian laut/Desisir dapat dilihat pada bagian II dan IV.

VI. Pestisida

Bagian ini meliputi bahan dokumentasi mengenai pertumbuhan industri pestisida, produksi dan penggunaan pestisida, dampak padalingkungan dan manusia, dan kecenderungan lain, serta peraturan-peraturan pemerintah yang kbusus.

VII. Dampak Pembangunan Industri

Tercakup dalam bagian ini adalah laporan analisa dampak lngkungan (ANDAL) daerah pengembangan industri di Jakarta, Jawa Barat, Aceh dan Kalimantan. Juga mencakup penelitian pencemaran laut, penelitian mutu air di perkotaan, studi pencemaran Teluk Jakarta dan rencana pengelolaannya, dan penelitian limbah kota serta pembuangannya. (Lihat juga bagian Ekologi Manusia dan Lingkungan Perkotaan).

VIII. Ekolosi Hanusia dan Lingkungan Perkotaan

Bahan pada kelompok ini kebanyakan merupaken makalah dan artikel oleh Pusat Studi Lingkungan dengan pendekatan ekologi manusia. Riset aksi pada lahan dataran tinggi di Jawa Barat, pembangunan pinggiran kota, pemulung, peta udara untuk perencanaan kota, dan pengelolaan limbah kota merupakan topik-topik utama. Terdapat pula bebezapa penelitian mengenai mutu lingkungan perkotaan (Lihat Juga bagian VII).

IX. Lembaga-le,7baga Inisiatif

Bahan-bahan pada kelompok ini,kebanyakan berupa laporan dan publikasi dari LSM, universitas, lembaga donor, dan badan pemerintah (KLH) yang menguraikan kegiatan mereka serta titik perhatiannya. Makalah tentang kebutuhan pendidikan lingkungan dan tenaga kerja tercakup pula disini.

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Key to Bibliography (Kunci Bibliografi)

xx/oo fundamental document, landmark studies (dokumen dasar, penelitian sektoral yang penting)

x/o : important for topic (penting untuk topik tertentu)

_ additional material. (bahan informasi tambahan)

Other (Lain-lain):

Alphabetical per section (urutan alfabetis)

Information source given in parentheses following each citation, i.e., (KLH, WALHI) (Sumber informasi disebut dalam kurung setelah zetiap sitasi/pemasukan, misalnya (KLH, WALHI)

# 5212P

PART 1: SELECTED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF INDONESIA

Bagian 1: Sumber daya Alam dan Lingkungan Indonesia

I. BACKGROUND (LATAR BELAY-KNG)

Government Policy & Regulations (Kebijakan dan Peraturan Pemerintah)

Hardjasoemantri, Koesnadi 1985. Environmental Legislation in Indonesia. Gajah Mada University Press, 1985. 41 pp. (KLH, UGM, WALHI)

** Discusses historical background and implications of Indonesian Environmental Legislation (especially No. 4, 1982).

on Membahas sejarah dan implikasi dari Undang-Undang Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (terutama No. 4, 1982).

KLH (Office of Ministry of State for Population and Environment) Asmen I, 1985. Baku Mutu Lingkungan Hidup, Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan dan Analisis Dampak Lingkungan. Laporan Khusus Asmen I, Menteri Negara KIH, Jakarta. (KLH)

The major GOI documents (regulations) pertaining to environmental

impact analysis and control of water, sea and air pollution. Listq of quality standards for water, air.

o Dokumen-dokumen utama dari Pemerintah Indonesia tentang Analisa Dampak

Lingkungan (ANDAL) dan pengendalian pancemaran air, laut serta udara. Termasuk daftar-daftar standar mutu air, udara.

KLH, 1986. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 29 Year 1986 pertaining to Analysis of Impacts on the Environment. (KLH, EMDI)

Translation of official document produced by environmental ministry which lays out requirements, conditions, method of implementation, and support for conducting environmental impact analyseL of development projects.

Terjemahan dokumen resmi yang diterbitkan oleh Kantor Menteri Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup. Dokumen ini menyajikan syarat-syarat, keperluan, metoda pelaksanaan dan penunjang bagi pelaksanaan analisa dampak iingkungan dari proyek-proyek pembangunan.

0

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PPLH (Minister of State for Supervision of Development and Environment) 1978. Strategy to Prepare a Programme for Environmentally Adapted Development, Government of Indonesia, Jakarta, July 12, 1978. 73 pp. (KLH, USAID)

Addressed to interaational organizations interested in helping Indonesia develop its resource base. Presents policy and key issues. Transmigration and human settlements were identified as priority areas. Other recommended actions were: environmental surveys (data collecticn) institution-building for the Ministry, marine resource conservation, and environmental analysis training.

Ditujukan kepada organisasi-organisasi internasional yang tertarik untuk membantu Indonesia dalam pengembangan sumber dayanya. Menyajikan masalah-masalah kebijalan dn umum. Transmigrasi dan permukiman dinyatakan sebagai masalah utama. Usulan lain adalah: survai lingkungan (pengumpulan data), pengenbangan institusi bagi Kementeriar, KLH, pelestarian sumber daya laut dan latihan ANDAL.

PPLH, 19G2, Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 4 tahun 1982. Tentang Ketentuan-ketentuan Pokok Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, Government of Indonesia, Jakarta (KLH)

** Official document. Environmental Laws of 1982, with explanation.

oo Dokumen tesmi. Undang-Undang Lingkungan Hidup 1982, dengan keterangannya.

General (Umum)

BPS, 1986. Statistik Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia 1985. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta. February 1986. 245 pp. (BPS, KLH, WALHI)

Compilation of primary source data from surveys by Central Bureau of Statisics, as well as additional statistics from other government agencies. Covers agriculture (incl. forestry) industry, mining, housing, health, population, transportation.

oo Kumpulan data primer dari survai yang dilakukan oleh Bito Pusat Statistik, ditambah data statistik dari badan pemerintah lain. Meliputi pertanian (terrmasuk kehutanan), industri, pertambangan, perumahan, kesehatan, kependudukan, transportasi.

Clarkson, James 1984. "Some Parameters of Indonesia's Population and Environment: Draft." Prepared for Ministry of Population and Environment, December 1984. 49 pp. (USAID, KLH)

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Attempts to understand interaction between population and environment considering natural resources and agricultural capacity, uneven population pressures, new technologies, specific problems of forest and coastal zone management, with the aim of raising questions and identifying needs (i.e., a land-use inventory). Issues are valid although some data is out-of-date.

Upaya untuk mempelajari interaksi antara kependudukan dan lingkungan

hidup dengan memper-timbangkan daya dukung sumber daya alam dan pertanian, tekanan penduduk yang tidak merata, teknologi baru,

masalah-masalah pengelolaan hutan dan daerah pesisir yang khusus. Tujuannya adalah mengangkat masalah dan mengindentifikasi kebutuhan (yaitu inventarisasi tata-guna tanah). Masalahnya sahih, walaupun beberapa data sudah kadaluwarsa.

Goodland, R. 1981. Indonesia's Environmental Progress in Economic Development. Office of Environmental Affairs, World Bank and Center for Natural Resource Management and Environmental Studies. Bogor Agricultural University. Indonesia. (World Bank, IPB)

** Slightly outdated but still good introduction to the major environmental issues in forestry, transmigration, human ecology, energy, conservation, and the principal agencies and institutions. Discusses environmental education and activities of the Environmental Ministry. Includes an extensive bibliography.

oo Pengenalan pada masalah lingkungan utama dalam bidang kehutanan, transmigrasi, ekologi manusia, energi, pelestarian dan lembaga serta badan-badan utama yang terlibat. Sedikit kadaluwarsa namun masih penting. Membahas pendidikan lingkungan dan kegiatan-kegiatan Kantor KLH. Mencakup daftar pustaka yang ekstensif.

Hardjono, Joan. 1986. "Envi:onmental Crisis in Java," Prisma, Institute for Economic and Social Research, Education and Information (LP3ES) Jakarta. No. 39, March 1986, pp. 3-13. (LP3ES, WALHI)

* Discussion of man-made environmental crisis on Java. Brief overview of major rural problems (deforestation, population pressures, etc.)

and urban (unplanned growth, crowding, waste disposal etc.) and current initiatives.

o Membahas krisis lingkungan buatan manusia di Jawa. Ulasan singkat tentang masalah-masalah utama di pedesaan (penggundulan hutan, tekanan penduduk, dll.) di perkctaan (pertumbuhan tidak terencana, kepadatan, pembuangan limbah, dll.) serta inisiatif-inisiatif yang sekarang ada.

Hainsworth, Geoffrey, 1985. "Economic growth, Basic Needs and Environment in Indonesia: The Search for Harmonious Development." Southeast Asian Affairs 1985, Singapore: Institute for Southeast Asian Studies, 1985. pp. 152-173. (EXDI, USAID)

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Discussion of GOI development policy and institutions and their relation to specific environmental concerns. Optimistic view of Indonesian strategies to combine economic growth and environmental conservation.

Bahasan tentang kebijakan dan lembaga-lembaga pemerintah dan hubungannya dengan masalah-masalah lingkungan yang khusus. Pandangan

optimis tentang strategi Indonesia untuk pembangunan berwawasar lingkungan.

KLH, 1986. Neraca Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah 1986 (per Propinsi 7.TMenteri Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup (KLH), Jakarta. (KLH)

** State of the environment and population in 27 provinces, prepared by the State Ministry for Population and the environment. Detailed statistics and assessment.

oo Menyajikan kondisi lingkungan hidup dan kependudukan pada ke-27 propiusi. Dokumen yang disusun oleh Kantor Menteri Negara

Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup ini di3.engkapi dengan statistik dan analisis terinci.

MacKinnon, Kathy, 1986. Alam Asl Indonesia: Flora, Fauna dan Keserasian. Kerjasama Yayasan Indonesia Hijau dan Penerbit P.T. Gramedia, Jakarta. 299 pp. illus. appen. (YIH, WALHI, SKEPHI)

** The most comprehensive, illustrated Indonesian language book on the Indonesian natural environment. Covers rainforests in Sumatra and 1.a-, natural-- p-.._ _in- a ----and Bali,,i!rian Jaya and the Nuna

Tenggara Islands, and specifically, unique and significant flora, fauna and habitats of each region. Discusses mangroves, coastal areas, rivers and caves, as iwportant ecosystems; includes good illustrations and photographs for identification of species. Final chapter considers man and his impacts in the natural environment. Produced by Green Indonesian Foundation (YIH),

oo Buku bergambar dalam baliasa Indonesia tentang iingkungan alami Indonesia. Merupakan buku paling komprehensif. Menyajikan informasi tentang hutan hujan di Sumatra dan Kalimantan, taman alami di Jawa dan Bali, Irian Jaya dan kepulauan Nusa Tenggara. Secara khusus membahas flora, fauna dan habitat yang menarik dan unik pada tiap daerah. Mengkaji hutan bakau, daerah pesisir, gua dan sungal sebagai ekosistem penting. Memuat gambar daa foto yang bagus untuk identifikasi jenis.

Pads bab rerakhir membahas manusia dan dampak kegiatannya terhadap lingkungan alami.

UNDP, 1983. Report of the Environment Sector Review (Vol. I, II, III). United Nations Development Program and Ministry of PopulAtion and Environment. Project of the Government of Indonesia. INS/83/009. Jakarta, Indonesia. 400 pp. (approx). (UNDP, KLH)

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** In-depth assessment of environmental conditions: discusses industrial waste, pesticides, forests, watershed management, coastal resources, industny location. Recommendations ro GOI. Also see Phase II proposal below.

00 Kajian mendalam tentang kondisi lingkungan: membahas limbah industri, pestisida, hutan, pengelolaan D,', sumber daya pesisir, lokasi industri. Rekomendasi untuk pemerintah Indonesia. Lihat juga proposal fase II dibawah ini.

UNDP, 1987. "Project Document, Environmental Sector Review Phase IT." Project of Government of Indonesia and United Nations Development Program. (UNDP)

Describes platned folJow-up to UNDP Environmental Sector Re'iewl 1983.

Menguraikan rencana tindak lanjut dari laporan UNDP 1983 (Environmental Sector Review 1983).

Whitten, Anthony, Sengli Damauik, Jazanul Anwar, Nazaruddin Hisyam, 1984. The Ecology of Sumatra. Gajah Mada University Press. Institute for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Canada an- Centre for Research and Environmental Studies (CRES), University of North Sumatra. 583 pp. (UGH Press, EMDI).

The most comprehensive discussion of the types and condition of flora, fauna and ecosystems of Sumatra, and environmental threats in Sumatra.

o Bahasan paling lengkzp tentang tipe dan kondl.Ei flora, fauna dan ekosistem Sumatra, ser-a ancaman-ancaman terhadap lingkungan di Sumatra.

Whitten, Anthony, Muslimin Murtafi, Gregory Hendersou. 1987. The Ecology of Sulawesi. Gajah Mada University Presc. School for Resource an Environmental Studies. Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada and Environmental Study Centre, Hasauuddin University, Ujung Pandang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. 777 pp. (EMDI, UGM Press)

The most comprehensive presentation of the types, threats to and condition of flora, fauna, and ecosystems in Sulawesi.

o Menyajikan tipe dan kondisi flora, fauna dan ekosistem Sulawesi secara komprehenoif termasuk ancaman-ancaman.

http:kondl.Ei

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GOI-IIED, 1985. Volume 11. A Revi. of Is3ues Affecting Sustainable Development of Forest Lands in Indonesia. 150 pp. plus appendices.

GOI-IIED, 1985. Volume Ill. Background Paper. 147 pp. plus

appendices.

GOI-IIED, 1985. Volume IV. Recommended Strategies. 14 pp.

GOI-IIED, 1985. Executive Summary. 7 pp.

** The above four volume. discuss in detail problems in the forest sector

due to population pressure and expansion, logging practices, pc or land plaunLag, and related impacts of erosion on agriculture, fisheries and

rivers. Th documents present an analysis of present forest policies relating to these issues, and propose alternative strategies. They

are generally quite critical of the Ministry of Forestry, its policies and management of forestE, and also of the lack of inter-agency

coordination. These do-umen~s are the source and subject of much new debate and concern for forests. Some of the data and conclusions have

been questioned, but the issues raised and intentions to correct bad practises are generally acceptedi. Concessions for logging and timber

estates and transmigration are the subject of much study and criticism. A strategy for action is proposed for the

Departments/Ministries of Forestry, Public Works, Transigration, the Interior, Information, Institutional Reform, Trade, Industry,

Communications, and Population and the Environment.

oo Buku 4 jilid ini nembahas masalah sektor kehutanan akibat tekanan dan

ekspansi penduduk, praktek pembalakan, perencanaan tata guna lahan

yang lemah, dan dampak e:osi terhadap peztanian, perikanan serta

sungai yang berkaitan. Dokumeu ini menyajikan analisa kebijakan kehutanan saat ini, yang berkaitan dengan 1syu-isyu di atas, dan

mengusulkan strategi alternatif. Isi dokumen in! umumnya bersifat kritis terhadap Departemen Kehutanan, kebiJakau dan pengelolaan hutan,

Juga terhadap tidak adanya koordinasi antar-lembaga. Publikasi ini

juga merupakarn sumber dan subyek perdebatan baru serta keprihatinan

dalam bidang kehutanan. Beberapa data dan kesimpulan relah

dipertanyakan. Walaupun demikiRn isyu yang diangkat dan niat untuk

memperbaiki praktek yang salah umumnya bisa diterima. Banyak kajian

dan kritik dilontarkan terhadap transmigrasi, konsesi HPH dan hutan

tanaman industri. Ada usuian strategi aksi untuk Departemen

Kehutanan, Pekerjaan Umum, Transmigrasi, Dnlam Negeri, Penerangan,

Perdagangan, Industri, Perhubungan serca Kependudukan dan Lingkungan

Hidup.

Priakusuma, Soetaiso, James Bethel, and Gerard Schroeder, 1984. "Proposal for

Establishment of an Institute for Forestry Research Samarinda (IFRS)."

(Dept. of Forestry) Samarinda, E. Kalimantan, August 1984. 164 pp. (USAID)

0

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Part of Forestry Department's plan to develop research agencies

throughout the nation (E. Kalimantan being first priority), as branches of Agency of Forestry Research and Development. This proposal addressed needs (manpower, facilities, budgetary) for conducting research to support Dept. of Forestry, with coordination among existing/planned forest research and education institutions in Samarinda. Reviews current forestry research (natural forests, estates, mangroves, manufacturing, etc.) and training and communication.

Bagian dari rencana Departemen Kehutanan untuk mengembangkan badan-badau penelitian di seluruh negeri (dengan Kalimantan Timur sebagai priorirtas pertama), sebagai cabang-cabang badan penelitian dan pengembangan kehutanan. Usulan ini membahas kebutuhan (tenaga kerja, fasilitas, anggaran) untuk melakukan penelitian bagi penunjang

Departemen Kehutanan, dengan koordinasi di antara lembaga-lembaga pendidikan dan penelitian kehutanan, baik yang sudah ada maupun yang direncanakan di Samarinda. Mengkaji penelitian kehutanan saat iri (hutan alami, hutan tanaman, hutan bakau, produksi, dil) serta latihan dan komunikasi.

Roberts, RW et al. 1986. Forestry Sector Survey, Canadian International Development Agency, Indonesia. Forestry Planning Mission, May 1986. 300 pp. (CIDA)

* An assessment of current forestry sector including international assistance. Recommendations for possible CIDA collaboration including

planning, watershed management, nature conservation, and human resources development. Useful complement to GOI-IIED report above as it discusses social, economic, institittional factors.

Kajian tentang sektor kehutanan dewasa ini, termasuk bantuau internasional. Rekomendasi untuk kemungkinan kerjasama dengan CIDA, termasuk perencanaan, pengelolaan DAS, peleet'arian slam dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia. Pelengkap berguna bagi laporan GOI-IIED (diatas) karena membahas faktor-faktor sosial, ekonomi dan kelembagaan.

Ross, MS 1984. Forestry in Land Use Policy in Indonesia. Thesis for PhD.

University of Oxford. (USjID)

Assessment of Classification System of Transmigration Lands. Proposes new classification system for GOI. Also has statistics for forestry and transmigration.

Analisis sistem klasifikasi dari lahan transmigrasi. Mengusulkan sistem klasifikasi baru bagi pemerintah Indonesia. Jugs menyajikan statistik kehutanan dan transmigrasi.

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World Bank, 19 June 1986, Indonesia Forestry Project Preparation Mission. (World Bank, USAID)

Detailed discussion and analysis of proposed World Bank-GOI forestry development project (see Department Kehutanan, Nop. 1986). Components

include institutional strengthening, inventory, training, research and information services; Wonogiri water catchment development, and National Park Development in E. Java and Bali. Provides background of policy, legislation, and programs that led to proposed program.

Pembahasan dan analisa proyek GOI-Bauk Dunia untuk pengembangan sektor kehutanan. Komponen proyck mencakup DAS Wznogirli, Taman Nasional di Bali dan Jawa Timur, dan pengembangan kelembagaan melalui latihan/pendidikan, penelitian, sistem informasi, dan inventarisasi hutan nasional.

Troical Forcsts (Hasalah Hutan Tropika)

Adisoemarto, S. ed., 1978. Proceedings of Workshop on the Indonesian MAB Project No. 1 in East Kalimantan, Samarinda, 23-27 March 1978. Man ana Biosphere Project, Indonesia. (M'AB-LIPI)

Several papers by noted researchers summarize extent of research under the Indonesia Man and Biosphere project to date, covering biological resources, native tribes, farming practices and socio-economic conditions relating to development. Many new research and articles have been done since then (by Kartawinata, Vayd2, etc.).

Beberapa makalah oleh peneliti-peneliti terkenuka yang meringkas

penelitian terbaru dibawah proyek Manusia dan Biosfere (MAP), meliputi sumber daya hayati, penduduk asli, praktek pertanlan dan keadaan sosial-ekonomi yang dihubuDgkan dengan pembangunan.

GO1, 1984. Dampak Kebakaran Hutan di Kalimantan Timur dan Saran Kebijakan Pananggulangannya. Laporan Tlm Ahli Antar Departemen. Kerjasama Kantor Menteri Negara KLH, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Departemen Kehutanan, Jakarta. 1984. 120 pp. (approx) + maps. (KU, PPSML-UI, DOF)

Report of interdepartemental team of experts coucerning impacts of East Kalimantan Forest Fire, with recommendations for future prevention, monitoring, Lz=eneration, etc.

Laporan tim ahli antar departemen yang menyangkut dampak kebakaran hutan Kaltim, dengan rekomendasi bagi pencegahan dimasa mendatang, pemautauan, pemulihannya, dll.

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Johnson, Brian, 1984. "The Great Fire of Borneo. Report of a visit to Kalimantan Timur a year later, May 1984." World Wildlife Fund, November, 1984. 22 pp. (SKEPHI)

A combination of first hand observations and summaries of previous studies of the fire. Examines possible causes and social and ecological iipacts,

Gabungan pengamatan langsung dan ringkasan-ringkasan penelitian cerdahulu tentang kebakaran hutan. Mengamati sebab-sebab kebakaran serta dampak sosial dan ekologis.

Kartawinata, K, 1984. "Forest conversion in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: The Activities and Impacts of Timber Companies, Shifting Cultivators, Migrant Pepper Farmers, and Others." Chapter 7 of EcoloSy in Practice: Part 1. Production Systems in Tropics. pp. 98-125. (SKEPHI)

Research under the MAkB program in the Apo Kayan, Telen River and

Samarinda areas concluded that economics influence environmental destruction by shifting cultivators, farmers and unlicensed wood-cutters, and that commercial operations cause greatest damage overall. The study examined forest structure, land-use and settlement patterns, and community perception, drawing on previous work also.

0 Penelitian program MAB di daerah Apo Kayan, sungai Telen, dan Samarinda. Menyimpulkan bahwa masalah ekonomi menimbulkan perusakan lingkungan oleh peladang berpindah, petani dan penebang liar namun HPH menimbulkaz kerusakan yang paling besar secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini mengamati struktur hutan, pola tata-guna lahan dan pemukiman, dan persepsi masyarakat, mencantumkan juga hasil

penelitian-penelitian terdahulu.

LBN-LIPI, 1983. " Secondary Succession and Other Ecological Changes in the Tropical Rain Forests after being Destroyed by Humans in East Kalimantan." A short research report on Man and Biosphere Project No. 1 rarried out by the National Institute of Biology - LIPI from 1976-1981 for the Indonesian Man and Biosphere Program Committee, Bogor, 1983. (SKEPHI, MAB)

Very detailed, comprehensive assessment of ecological changes in tropical forests of East Kalimantan due to logging, shifting cultivation, roads, etc.

0 Analisa mendalam dan komprehensif tentang perubahan-perubahan ekologis dalam hutan tropika Kalimantan Timur akibat HPH, peladangan berpindah, pembangunan jalan, dll.

Mackie, C. 1984. "The Lessons Behind East Kalimantan's Forest Fires." Borneo Research Bulletin, Vol. 16, No. 2, September, 1984. p.63-7 3 . (SKEPHI)

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* An ecologist's brief assessment of impacts (social, ecological, economic) on E. Kalimantan tropical forests of 1982-3 major forest fire. Some recommendations for further research and action.

o Analisa singkat seorang ekolog tentang dampak (sosial, ekologi, ekonomi) kebakaran hutan tahun 1982-33 terhadap hutan tropika Kaltim. MHuyajikan beberapa rekomendasi bagi kegiatan dan penelitian lcbih lanjut.

Mackie, C. 1985. "Shifting Cultivators and Deforestation: The Case of Borneo's Forest Fire." Women in Forestry, Summer 1985. pp. 36-38. (SKEPHIj

Brief assessment of ecological condition and impacts on Dayak people in E. Kalimantan, and the interrelated factors which led to severity of fire.

Analisa singkat tentang kondisi ekologi dan dampak kebakaran terhadap masyarakat Dayak di Kalimantan Timur, serta faktor-faktor yang saling berkaitan yang menimbulkan hebatnya kebakaran.

Wilson, W. and Andrew Johns, 1932. "Diversity and Abundance of Selected Animal Species in Undisturbed Forest, Selectively Logged Forest and Plantations in East Kalimantan, Indonesia." in Ecological Conservation, Applied Science Publishers Ltd. England, 1982, pp. 205-218. (SKEPHI)

Brief survey and literature search revealed relationship between logging and plantations on wildlife diversity and density. Recolonization seemed feasible when other disturbances in adjacent lands were minimized.

Uraian survai dan studi literatur yang mengungkapkan hubungan antara pembalakan dan perkebunan pada keragaman dan kepadatan hewan liar. Rekolonisasi tampak mungkin jika gangguan-gangguan lain di lahan-lahan yang berdekatan dikurangi.

Vayda, Andrew P., (ca. 1981) "Research Notes: Research in East Kalimantan on Interactions between People and Forests: A Preliminary Report". Borneo Research Bulletin No. 13, pp. 3-15. (SKEPHI)

Overview of research findings to date by joint US-Indonesian Man and Biosphere project in three regions of Kalimantan Forests: Apo Kayan, Telen River and Samarinda vicinity. Observed impacts on forests of indigenous tribes (Dayak), immigrants (Buginese) and other operations. Observations yielded some valuable information for planners, invalidating previous assumptions concerning mobility of

farmers, and destructiveness of "permanent" (resettled) vs. shifting cultivation practises. Destructive logging practises were traced to urban, commercially-oriented iudividuals (not subsistence) as well as timber companies.

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o Ulasan hasil-hasil penelitian mutakhir oleh proyek gabungan MAB Amerika Serikat-Indonesia pada tiga daerah hutan Kalimantan, yaitu: Apo Kayan, Sungai Telen dan sekitar Samarinda. Mengamati dampak

kegiatan suku asli (Dayak), imigran (Bugis) dan kegiatan lainnya terhadap hutan. Hasil pengamatan memberi infoimas berharga bagi para perencana, yang menumbangkan asumsi terdahulu meilgenai mobilitas para petani, dan kerusakan pertanian "menetap" vs. berpindah. Praktek pembalakan merusak di tudingkan kepada warga kota yang berorientasi komersial (dan bukan subsisten) serta HPH.

Transmigration (Transmigrasi)

Aditjondro, G. 1985. "Transmigrasi di Irian Jaya: Injak Rem dan Kurangi Gas." Kabar dari Kampung No. 18/Th.III, Desember 1985, pp. 6-11. (YPMD, SKEPHI)

Article by Irian Jaya NGO spokesman/environmentalist critiques Irian Jaya transmigration from s,'cial perspective.

Artikel tentang transmigrasi di Irian Jaya ditinjau dari perspektif sosial, oleh tokoh dan kritikus transmigrasi Irja.

Aditjondro, George, March 1986. "Transmigzation in Irian Jaya: Issues, Targets, and Alternative Approaches." Prisma. Institute for Economic and Social Research, Education and Infozmation, No. 39, March 1986. pp. 67-82. (YPMD, SKEPHI)

Irian Jaya NGO leader explains opposition to transmigration and

discusses environmental and social impacts in Irian Jaya. Good perspective on conflicting attitudes towards transmigration in Irian Jaya.

o Tokoh LSM Irian Jaya menerangkan sikap menentang terhadap transmigrasi dan membahas dampak sosial serta ll.ngkungan di Irja. Perspektif yang baik tentang perbedaan sikap terhadap transmigrasi di Irja.

Aditjondro, G. September 1986. "Transmigration in Indonesia. The Role of the World Bank in promoting Big Business, High-Tech and Bureaucratic Centralization through an Environmentally Ursound Program." Presented at Citize.s' Conference on the World Bank, Washington, D.C. USA, September 28-30, 1986. (SKEPHI)

Provides some recommendations for improving the current program

through involving local communities and transmigrants in planning &nd development.

o Menyajikan beberapa rekomendasi untuk memperbaiki program saat ini dengan melibatkan masygrakat Esetempat dan transmigran dalam perencanaan dan pembangunan transmigrasi.

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Budiman, Arief, peny. 1985. Transmigrasi di Indoncsia: Ringkasan Tulisan dan Hasil-Hasil Penelitian. Penerbit P.T. Gramedia, Jakarta. 261 pp. (SKEPHI)

Well organized collection of abstracts from newspapers, reports, bulletins and other publications on wide ranging aspects of transmigration research and implementation. Organized according to type of transmigrant, aspect of the program under review: cultural, environmental, agricultural, economic, technical and others. Should be handy reference for in-depth research.

o Kumpulan abstrak dari beberapa sumber (pers, laporan, buletin, dll.) mengenai transmigrasi secara luas. Informasi dikelompokkan menurut tipe transmigran, dan segi pada proyek seperti pola pertanian, ekonoini, industri kecil; mencakup juga kebudayaan, lingkungan hidup, dli. Dokumen ini berguna sekali bagi paLa peneliti yang mencari informasi mendalam.

Clarke, L.J., 1980. "Report oa Land Ciearing for Transmigration in the Outer Islands of Indonesia" Project Working Document UNDP/FAO

INS/78/012. Department of Manpower and. Transmigration, Jakarta. January 1980, 38 pp. (SKEPHI)

Detailed physical and economic analysis of mechanical (tractor, etc.) clearing and methods (in Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Irian Jaya)

concludes that mechanized systems are too damaging and expensive, and recommends return to manual clearing using chainsaws, especially in transmigrant areas.

Analisis ekonomi dan fisik dari cara pembukaan tanah secara mekanik (traktor, dll. di Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan dan Irian Jaya). Menyimpulkan bahwa sistem mekanik sangat mahal dan merusak, serta menyarankan kembali ke cara manual dengan menggunakan chainsaw, terutama di daerah transmigrasi.

Department of Transmigration, October 1986. "Staff's suggestions in the Framework of the Enforcement of Government Regulations 29 Year 1986 on the Analysis of Environmental Impact." The Directorate of Settlement Environmental Issues. Directorate General of Settlement Preparation. DOT* October 20, 1986. 8 pp. (SKEPHI, EMDI)

A plzn prepared by the environmental unit of DOT for compliance with a

new state regulation concerning environmental impact analysis.

o Rencana yang disiapkan oleh bagian lingkungan, Departemen TransmigrAsi, sesuai dengan peraturan negara yang baru tentang analisa dampak lingkungan.

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Department of Transmigration, December 1986. "Project Statement. Transmigration Programmes with Environmental Considerations." The Directorate of Settlement Environmental Issues, Directorate General of Settlement Preparation, DOT. (SKEPHI, ENDI)

Outline of plan for environmentally appropriate projects; through

impact analysis, management plans, guidance for transmigrants, monitoring.

Garis besar rencana proyek-proyek berwawasan lingkungan; melalui analisa dampak, rencana pengelolaan, bimbingan bagi transmigran, pemantauan.

Departemen Penerangan RI, 1985. Pembangunan Transmigrasi di Indonesia. Perkembangan Pelita I, II, III, dan Tahun I Pelita IV. Jakarta, Juni 1985. 172 pp. (SKEPHI)

A report published by the Department of Information covering transmigration from 1969 to 1985 with maps, statistics from Dept. of Transmigration.

o Laporan tentang transmigrasi dari tahun 1969 samlai 1985, dilengkapi peta, statistik dari Dep. Transmigrasi.

Hard Iono, J. 1986. "Transmigration: Looking to the Future." Indonesian Economic Studies Vol. XXII, No. 2., August 1986. pp. 28-53. (SKEPHI)

Discussion of factors affecting recent implementation and success of transmigration projects such as site selection, soil, land preparation, use of contractors, with projection to coming years. Includes national statistics. Discussion of policy and institutional developments affecting planning and implementation.

Membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan dan keberhasilan program transmigrasi saat ini, seperti pemilihan lokasi, tanah, penyiapan lahan, penggunaan kontraktor, dengan proyeksi untuk tahun-tahun mendatang. Mencakup statistik nasional. Membahas pula perkembangan kebijakan dan kelembagaan yang mempengaruhi perencanaan dan pelaksanaan.

Otten, Mariel, 1986. Tranamigrasi: Myths and Realities Indonesian Resettlement Policy, 1965-1985. IWGIA, International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs Document No. 57, Copenhagen. October 1986. 255 pp. (SKEPHI)

Extensively researched and in-depth discussion of major issues in the transmigration program, particularly critical of GOI policies,

implementation and approach. Environmental degradatio is discussed as are concerns for human rights infringements, corrupti on, poor

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planning, political objectives (i.e., ic Irian Jaya). It also blames special interests - private contractors, donors and foreign consultants for continuation of the programme to suit their orn aims.The book is not fully representative of the views of many Indonesian critics of Transmigration, nor does it present alternatives; but it usefully compiles most critical arguments in a single document.

o Pembahasan mendalam dan berdasarkan penelitian ekstensif mengenai isyu utama dalam program transmigrasi, terutama menyajikan kritik terhadap

kebijakan pemerintah, implementasi dan pendekatan. kerusaken lingkungan banyak dibahas, disamping keprihatinan terhadap pelanggaran hak-hak azasi, korupsi, perencanaan yang buruk, tujuan politis (yaitu

Irian Jaya). Buku ini juga menyalahkan '.ontraktor swasta, pemberi dana dan konsultan asing yang punya minat tertentu dan bekerja demi kepentingannya sendiri dalam kelangsungan program. Buku ini tidak mewakili pandangan kritikus Indonesia secara penuh, dan juga tidak menyajikan alternatif; tetapi buku ini mengumpulkan debat paling kritis dalam satu dokumen.

Rich, B. 1986. "Letter to World Bank, concerning Transmigration in Indonesia, Adverse Environmental and Social-Cultural Impacts of World Bank Financed Transmigration under Repelita IV." Signed by major cavironmental NGOe. October 10, 1986. (SKEPHI)

Rich, B. 1987. Follow-up to World-Bank letter of 1986 (Response to WB response). April 8, 1987. Attached to Rich, 1986. (SKEPHI)

Expresses basis for concern of international NGOs for the impacts of transmigration on indigenous triles, forests, soil, etc. Aimed at influencing World Bank involvement in transmigration programs. World Bank Transmigration Review and GOI-IIED Forestry report are main reference documents.

Menerangkan d~aar-dasar keprihatinan LSM internasional bagi dampak transmigrasi terhadap suku-suku asli, hutan, tanah, dll. Bertujuan

mempengaruhi keterlibatan Bank Dunia dalam program transmigrasi. Bahan rujukan utama berupa ulasan Bank Dunia dan laporan GOI/IIED.

Secrett, Charles, 1986. "Environmental Impact of Transmigration". The Ecologist, Vol. 16, no. 2/3, 1986. (SKEPHI)

One of the articles which appeared in a special issue criticizing the transmigration program, particularly World Bank, and other donor involvement. Documents deforestation, poor site selection, inappropriate farming practices, etc. References GOI/IED forestry

review (other accompanying articles look at the social, cultural, political, economic and other aspects).

- 26 -"

Salah-satu artikel dalam majalah Ecologist edisi khusus yang mengkritik transmigrasi, khususnya dari segi dampak negatif terhadap hutan, tanah, dan lingkungannya. Sumber primer adalah laporan GOI/IIED mengenai sektor kehutanan. (Artikel lain di Ecologist membahas aspek sosial-budaya, ekonomi, politik).

SKEPHI, 1987. Bunga Rampai Tranamigrasi. Pusat Informasi Hutan, Sekretariat KY.rjasama untuk Pelestarian Hutan Indonesia, Jakarta, July 1987. (SKEPHI)

Contains a selected, annotated bibliography of transmigration

references, tables and statistics, selected articles, reports of SKEPHI surveys, and lists of individual/institutional contacts. Useful reference and guide for the transmigration activist/researcher.

o Mencakup bibliografi beranotasi tentang transmigrasi, beberapa gambar dan ilustrasi statistik, pilihan artikel-artikel, laporan dari survai SKEPHI sendiri, serta daftar referensi perorangan/kelembagaan. Berguna sebagai petunjuk dan referensi bagi para peneliti/aktivis transmigrasi.

United States, 1986. "Transmigration in Irian Jaya." Cable of Results of survey by R. Greenberg (AID Jakarta), P. Slutz and R. Rapson (Dept. of State, Jakarta). October 10, 1986. (USAID)

* Summary of first hand observations by U.S. Embassy and USAID personnel of transmigration sites in Irian Jaya; discussion of iml cts on soil, forests, biological diversity, indigenous tribes. Condition of transmigrants. Viability of transmigration program discussed from agricultural, economic and social perspective.

o Ringkasan dari pengamatan langsung lokasi-lokasi transmigrasi di Irian Jaya oleh staf USAID dan Kedutaan Amerika; membahas dampak terhadap tanah, hutan, keanekaragaman hayati, suku-suku asli serta kondisi transmigran. Membahas pula kelayakan program transmigrasi dari segi pertanian, ekonomi dan sosial.

World Bank, 1986. Indonesia Transmigration Sector Review. Document of the World Bank. Project Department, East Asia and Pacific Region. October 29, 1986. 230 pp. Maps. (World Bank, USAID)

** Comprehensive, important document assessing transmigration sector frca Repelita I to now. Environmental, economic, social and cultural implications are discussed. Recommends major efforts to improve environmental planning and management and to consider social benefitp for locals/transmigrants. Contains statistics on transmigration program inc. number s ttled, Incomes, etc.

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oo Dokumen penting yang mengkaji sektor transmigrasi sejak Repelita I sampai sekarang. hembahas implikasi li-Jkungan, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Memberikan usulan untuk mempeAoaiki perencanaan lingkungan, dan mempertimbangkan keuntungan sosial. Memuat statistik transmigrasi.

YPMD, 1985. "Tahun Depan, Tahun Rehabilitasi. (Wawancara dengan KaKanwil DepTrans Prop. Irja)." Kabar dari Kampung No. 18/Th.l1I, Desember 1985, pp. 18-26. (YPMD, SKEPH PH Y

Interview with the head of the lrian Jaya Regional Office of the Department of Transmigration. Discusses targets, locations, social impacts. Related articles on locations.

Wawancara dengan kepala Kanwil Departemen Transmigrasi Irian Jaya.

Membahas target, lokasi, dampak sosial. Terdapat pula artikel-artikel tentaug lokasi yang bersangkutan.

Agroecology and Land Management (Agroekologi dan Pengelolaan Lahan)

Departemen Kehutanan, Ford Foundation, 1986. Laporan Pelaksanaan Program Perhutanan Sosial (social forestry). Tahap: Tahun 1986. Direksi Perum Perhutari. Administrator Perhutanan Sosial, Sub Program Jawa, Jakarta. 54 pp. (Ford)

Report of end of Phase I development of social forestry projects in 13 Java locations. Physical data, project descriptions, problems. Outlines Phase II program implementation.

Laporan.akhir da-i fase I program perhutanan sosial pada 13 lokasi di Jawa. Mencakup data fisik, uraian proyek, masalah, serta garis besar implementasi program fase II.

Fakultas Kehutanan IPB, 1979. "Evaluasi mengenai Program Penyelamatan Hutan, Tanah dan Air di Daerah Aliran Sungai Ciujung/Teluk Lada, Ciliwung/Cisadane

dan Citanduy/Cisanggarung." Daerah Tingkat I Jawa Barat dengan Direktorat Reboasasi dan Rehabilitasi, Direktorat Jenderal Kehutanan. 21 pp. No. 333/75 Eva/Ex. 1 Manggala Wanabakti, Jakarta. (DOF)

Report on the GOI Dept. of Forestry, Soil and Water Conservation Project; an evaluation by the Forestry Department of Bogor Agricultural Un.veraity of Reforestation Efforts in West Java. The evaluation team concluded that improvements were needed in project management, grass-roots planning and implementation, mapping and budgeting.

Laporan proyek Departemen Kehutanan. Evaluasi upaya penghijauan di Jawa Barat oleh Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Tim evaluasi menyimpulkan bahwa perlu peningkatan dalam pengelolaan proyek, perencanaan dan pelaksanaan dari lapisan bawah, pemetaan dan anggaran.

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IUCN, KLH, 1987. "Lavironmental Guidelines for the Conversion of Forest Lands." Workshop on Environmental Consideration in the Corversion of Forested Lands. IUCN and the Ministry of Population and Environment. Jakarta, March 12, 1987. (USAID, KLH)

* Executive Summary (English) and Papers (ILdonesian) covering several aspects of forest conversion from environmental perspective: national policy, regional policy, implementation of forestry, agricultural, transmigra.tion and infrastructure projects, international donorparticipation.

0 Ringkasan (dalam bahasa Inggris) dan makalah-makalah (dalam bahasa Indonesia) yang mencakup berbagai aspek kinversi hutan dari segi

lingkungai: kebijakan nasional, kebijakan daerah, pelaksanaan proyek-proyek kehutanan, pertanian, transmigrasi dan infra-struktur; membahas juga partisipasi lembaga donor internasional.

KEPAS, 1985. Tidal Swamp Agroecosystems of Southern Kalimantan. Workshop Report on the Sustainable Intensification of Tidal Swamplands in Indonesia, held at Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, July 18-24, 1983. Kelompok Penelitian Agroecosystem, Agency for Agricultural Research and Development. 146 pp. (KEPAS, USAID)

Summary of the state of the art in conversion of swamplands for agriculture, based on research at 5 study sites. Concludes with key questions and list of priorities for further research, i.e., appropriate crops, pest control, integration with transmigration.

o Ringkasan keadaan seni dalam mengubah lahan rawa untuk pertanian, berdasarkan penelitian pada 5 lokasi. Menyimpulkan dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan utama serta daftar prioritas bagi penelitian lebih lanjut, berupa: jenis tanaman yang sesuai, pengendalian hama, dipadukan dengan transmigrasi.

KEPAS, 1985. The Critical Uplands of Eastern Java. An Agroecosystems Analysis. Kelompok Panelitian Agroecosystem, Agency for Agricultural Re.3earch and Development, Republic of Indonesia. 213 pp. (KEPAS, USAID)

* Report of a workshop in April 1984 which produced key questions for

research and development of upland management systems. Includes an analysis of upland agroecosystems.

o Laporan lokakarya yang diadakan pada bulan April 1984. Menyajikan pertanyaan-pertanyaan bagi penelitian dan pengembangan sistem pengelolaan lahan dataran tinggi. Dilangkapi dengan analisa agroekosistem lahan dataran tinggi.

KEPAS, 1986. Agroecosystem Daerah Kering di Nusa Tenggara Timur: Studi Kasus Enam Desa Pengembangan Pertanian. Kelompok Penelitian Agro Ekosistem. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. 119 pp. (KEPAS, USAID)

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Report on a study of indigenous agroecosystems and local resource management strategies in sLmi-arid Eastern Nusa Tenggara province.

o Laporan penelitian agroekosistem tradisional dan strategi pengelolaan

sumber daya setempat di daerah setengah-kering di Nusa Tenggara Timur.

Mackie, Cynthia, 1986. "Report on Agroforestry and Silviculture Research in Java". American Association for the Advancement of Science Diplomacy Fellow, Bureau for Asia and the Near East, U.S. Agency for International Development, Jakarta, June 1986. 31 pp. (USAID)

Limited (one month) review of existing work in agroforestry reseach (Java). Lists agencies operating (i.e., Ministries of Agriculture and rorestry, Biotrop). Also gives recommendations for improving USAID uplands agriculture project, and describes possible information exchanges and/or cooperation with other agencies on the agroforestry/silviculture components.

Studi terbatas (sa.tu bulan) mengenai penelitian dan kegiatan di bidang"agroforestry" di Pulau Jawa Menyebutkan lembaga-lembaga yang terlibat (misalnya Dept. Pertanian, Kehutanan dan Biotrop)..

Memberikan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan prcyek USAID di pertanian lahan dataran tinggi (uplands) serta menggambarkan kemungkinan kerjasama antar-lembaga di bidang agroforestry.

Nasendi, B.D. "The Development of Social Forestry Programme in Indonesia". Presented at SE Asia Regional Workshop on Social Forestry, Pattaya Thailand 17-19 March 1987. 24 pp. (Ford)

Gives macro-view of social forestry in Indonesia. Defines various terms, describes conditions and approaches for Java and outer islands. Discusses Perum Perhutani social forestry project (working with Ford Foundation).

0 lenggambarkan secara makro dan singkat keadaan dan pengertian perhutanan di Indonesia, baik di Pulau Jawa maupun luar Jawa. Membicarakan proyek Perum Perhutani, kerjasama dengan Yayasan Ford.

Peluso, Nancy, 1987. "Social Forestry in Java; An Evaluation". Ford Foundation, Jakarta, March 1987. 57 pp. (Ford)

Report of evaluation of Phase II in joint Ford-Dept. Forestry social forestry project in Java. Reviews field staffing, technologies and managerial aspects. Makes recommendations for improving implementation.

Laporan evaluasi proyek Perum Perhutani dan Yayasan Ford dalam bidang kebutanan sosial pada akhir fase kedua. Membahas dari segi personil,

teknologi, dan aspek pengelolaan proyek. Memberikan beberapa usulan untuk memperbaiki pelaksanaannya.

0

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PPLH-UGM and Proyek Pengembangan Effisiensi Penggunaan Sumber-Sumber Kehutanan, 1987. Laporan Akhir. Pmetaan Ekosistem Lahan Kritis. DAS Cimanuk Hulu, DAS Bengawan Solo, DAS Brantas Hulu untuk Kantor MNKLH. Yogyakarta, January 1987. (PPLH-'UGM)

Third stage in critical lands mapping project. Discusses conceptions/ cr.teria of critical lands, and attempts to fo-mulate a new understanding and guidelines for managing critical lands. Tests the conception in a degraded watershed areas (Brantas). (Previous r ports

which discuss Cimanuk and Bengawan unavailable). Merupakan fase ketiga dar proyek pemetaan lahan kritis. Membahas konsep/kriteria lahan kritis, dan upaya untuk memformulasikan pengertian baru dan petunjuk umum bagi pengelolaan lahan kritis. Menguji konsep di DAS kritis (Brantas). (Laporan terdahulu yang membahas Cimanuk dan Bengawan Solo tidak dapat diperoleh).

Saragih, Bungaran, Wilson Lombong and Widadeng Hardjanto, 1982. "Penelitian Ekouomi Pola Penggunaan Tanah Daerah Rulu Aliran Way Seputih." Pusat Studi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. (PPLH-IPB)

Study of farming and economic systems in the Way Seputih river basin in Lampung province. Touches on reforestation benefits.

Penelitian sistem ekonomi dan pertanian di lembah sungai Way Seputih,

propinsi Lampung. Menyinggung manfaat penghutanan kembali.

Soemarwoto, Otto and Idjah Soemarwoto. 1983. "A New Approach in Reforestation and Erosion Control in Indonesia." Institute of Ecology, UNPAD Bandung. Presented at International Symposium on Sttategies and Designs for Reforestation, Afforestation and Tree-Planting, Wageningen,

The Netherlands, 19-23 September 1983. (PPSDL-UNPAD)

Discusses failure of existing reforestation/afforestation programs. Proposes strategy of increasing income of rural people to reduce the pressure on the land, and allowing nature take over reforestation.

Membahas kegagalan program penghutanan kembali/penghijauan yang ada sekarang. Mengusulkan sarategi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan

masyarakat desa agar tekanan terhadap lahan dapat berkurang, dan penghijauan alam dapat berlangsung.

Soesono, Ir. Oemi Hani'in, 1974. "Progress Report on Wanagama Education Forest in Critical Area." Department of Siviculture, Faculty of Forestry, GaJah Mada University Yogyakarta. March 1974. (UGM Forestry Dept.)

Only available report on the successful Wanagama Reforestation and Social Forestry project in Gunung Kidul region of Central Java.

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0 Laporan satu-satunya yang ditemul tentang penghijauan Wanagama dan proyek perhutanan sosial yang berhasil di daerah Gunung Kidul, Jawa Tengah.

Tarrant, James 1983. An Approach to Self-Reliant Rural Environmental Development in the Uplands of West Java: The Case of the Ciamis Programme. University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies.

December 1983. 78 pp. + appendices. (USAID, PPLH-ITB)

Detailed examination of PPLH-ITB's approach to integrated rural development and environmental improvement (discussed in Tarrant and Poerbo, 1986) through action research.

Pengamatan mendalam tentang pendekatan PPLH-ITB terhadap pengembangan desa terpadu dan perbaikan lingkungan dengan menggunakan "action research" (riset aksi) (dibahas dalam Tarrant dan Poerbo, 1986).

Tarrant, James and Poerbo, Hasan 1986. "Integrated Rural Environment Development Programme: A Case History of the Application of Action Learning in Upland Development in Ciamis, West Java." March 22, 1986. (USAID, PPLH-ITB)

Description of a community based environmental improvement program,

including approach, institutions and structures, techniques, which proved viability of people-centered development options. Program implemented by ITB environmental study center.

o Uraian tentang program perbaikan lingkungan yang berasal dari masyarakat, meliputi pendekatan, lembaga dan struktur, dan teknik yang membuktikan kelayakan pilihan pengembangan berpusat pada masyarakat. Program dilaksanakan oleh PPLH-ITB.

Tim Peneliti Sosial Forestry Indonesia, 1985. "Summary Report Studi Kasus Social Forestry di Jawa Tengah, Jawa Barat dan Tanah Toraja". Kerjasama Perum Perhutani, Yayasan Ford. 55 pp. (Ford)

* Main remarks and conclusions of Phase I social forestry study of several Java locations. Discusses farming systems, perceptions of forest use, relationships of farmers forest officials, land-use rights, etc. Summarizes from two in-depth reports -Executive Summary, Penelitian Social Forestry di Jawa Barat" and "Executive Summary, Penelitian Social Forestry di Jawa Tengah". Other reports also available at Ford.

o Kesimpulan dan komentar pokok setelah Ltudi perhutanan sosial fase pertama di beberapa lokasi. Membahas pola pertanian, persepsi masyarakat terhadap hutan, hubungan drngan pejabat Dept. Kehutanan, hak-hak menggunakan lahan, dll. Laporan ini merupakan ringkasan dari dua laporan yang lebih lengkap, yang juga merupakan ringkasan hasil studi keseluruhan (semua laporan dapat diperoleh di Ford Foundation).

- 32 --

USAID, 1985. Project Paper. Indonesia Small Scale Irrigation Project. Volumes I and II. August 1985. 122 pp. (USAID)

Detailed description of USAID uplands irrigation project for East Indonesia. Technical, social and economic analyses. Environmental considerations mentioned briefly.

Uraian terinci tentang proyek irigasi lahan dataran tinggi untuk Indonesia Timur. Terdapat analisis teknia, sosial dan ekonomi. Pertimbangan-pertimbangan lingkungan diuraikan dengan singkat.

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III. WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION (PELESTARIAN AIR DAN TANAN)

Barrau, Enrique, 1981. "Soil and Water Conservation Techniques. An Approach to Watershed Stabilization on Java." Presented at Workshop on Water Resources Development and Sediment Control. Malang, October 12-14, 1981. (USAID)

* Discussion of main issues, problems and technologies affecting watershed programs in Java. Identifies GOI agencies involved.

o Membahas isyu-isvu, masalah dan teknologi utama yang mempengaruhi program DAS. Mendaftar badan pemerintah yang terlibat.

Carson, Brian, and Wani Hadi Utomo (ca 1986). "Erosion and Sedimentation Processes in Java." Kelcmpok Penelitian Agro-ekosistem (KEPAS). Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian dan The Ford Foundation. Jakarta. 34 pp. (USAID, KEPAS)

Reviews information, statistics and understanding of soil erosion and causes on Java. Distinguishes "man-induced" and "natural" erosion,

different processes and means of assessment. Reviews and assesses current conservation programs, techniques and problems in major

watersheds.

Mengulas informasi, statistik dan pengertian erosi tanah serta sebabsebabnya di Jaws. Membedakan erosi "buatan manusia" dan "alami",

berbaga: proses dan metoda kajian. Mengulas dan mengkaji program pelestarian, teknik dan masalah yang ada saat ini di DAS-DAS utama.

East-West Center, 1986. .Quarterly Progress Report. February-April 1986. Integrated River Basin Development and Watershed Management Project. A cooperative project between the Ministry of Public Works, RI, and the Environmental and Policy Institute, East-West Center with partial support from the U.S. Agency for International Development. (USAID)

The major item in this report is an English executive summary of a workshop held in March 1986, which discussed policy and institutional framework and needs for watershed management (see below).

o Bagian utama dari laporan ini adalah ringkasan bagi pelaksana (dalam bahasa Inggris) dar lokakarya yang diadakan bulan Maret 1986. Membahas kerangka kerja kebijakan dan kelembagaan serta kebutuhan-kebutuhan bagi pengelolaan DAS (lihat di bawah).

East-West Center, Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, USAID, 1986. Hasil Lokakarya. Pola Terpadu Pengembangan Wilayah Sungai dan Pangelolaan Daerah Aliran gi. Jakarta dan Cipanas 22-27 Maret 1986. B;ku I. Laporan Utama.

eUAI)

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* Summary of workshop (Bah. Indonesia) on integrated river basin development and watershed management in Indonesia, looking at policy

and institutional framework. The report lists papers and presentations. (These were not closely reviewed but are also available at USA-D/ARD Office, Jakarta. Papers discuss analytic and policy framework; planning, programming, and budgeting; implementation

issues, environmental, management issues, institutional and organizational issues.)

o Ringkasan (dalam bahasa Indonesia) dan. lokakarya pengembangan DAS terpadu dan pengelolaan daerah tangkapan air di Indonesia, dengan

meninjau kerangka kerja kebijakan dan kelembagaan. Laporan ini menyajikan beberapa makalah. (Makalah-makalah tersebut tidak diulas secara mendalam, tetapi bisa diperoleh dari kantor USAID. Makalahmakalah inl membahas kerangka kerja analitik dan kebijakan; perencanaan, pembuatan program dan penyusunan anggaran; masalah pelaksanaan, lingkungan, pengelolaan, serta kelembagaan.)

Engineering Cout.il-ints, Inc., 1978. Jragung Dam Project. Upstream Watershed Management. Jragun River. Ministry of Public Works, Dir. Gen. Water Resources Development, Dir. Irrigation. (USAID)

Recommendations for improving the water catchment area of Jragung in connection with developmeuL of dam. Di6cusses land use, soil loss,

forest land use, plantations, and outlines management program.

Rekomendasi untuk memperbaiki daerah-daerah tangkapan air (DAS)

Jragung dihubungkan dengan pembangunan bendungan. Membahas tata guna lahan, erosi tanah, tata guna hutan, perkebunan dan kerangka program pengelolaan.

Gander, J.A. 1984. Final Report of Soil Conservation Consultant in Project

Citanduy II. (Watershed Management) USAID, Jakarta (USAID)

* The consultant examined approaches to soil conservation projects, selection of farming/cropping systems, soil classification and erodibility, soclo-economic aspects, and other aspects in a report and captioned photo album. Also presents recommendations for future watershed development planning.

o Laporan