A Review Of The Threat A Review Of The Threat To Civil Aviation To Civil Aviation & & The International The International Response Response Gabriel Chow
Dec 29, 2015
A Review Of The ThreatA Review Of The ThreatTo Civil Aviation To Civil Aviation
&&The International ResponseThe International Response
Gabriel ChowGabriel Chow
OverviewOverview
1.1. The threatThe threat
2.2. The International ResponseThe International Response
3.3. Concluding remarksConcluding remarks
1. The Threat To Civil Aviation1. The Threat To Civil Aviation
Who poses a threat?Who poses a threat?
Unruly passengersUnruly passengers Asylum seekersAsylum seekers CriminalsCriminals People with psychiatric People with psychiatric
disordersdisorders TerroristsTerrorists
Attacks against aircraftAttacks against aircraft
Attacks against airportsAttacks against airports
Using Aircraft as weapons of Using Aircraft as weapons of mass destructionmass destruction
The terrorist threat to civil aviationThe terrorist threat to civil aviation
Attacks against aircraftAttacks against aircraft
HijackingHijacking
Bomb attacks against aircraftBomb attacks against aircraft
Suicide BomberSuicide Bomber
Richard Reid alias ‘The Shoe Bomber’Richard Reid alias ‘The Shoe Bomber’
22.12.2001 - Attempted to blow up AA Flight 63From Paris CDG to Miami22.12.2001 - Attempted to blow up AA Flight 63From Paris CDG to Miami
MANPAD attackMANPAD attack
28.11.2002 – Mombasa, KenyaSurface to air missile attack Against an Israeli charter aircraft
28.11.2002 – Mombasa, KenyaSurface to air missile attack Against an Israeli charter aircraft
Attacks against airportsAttacks against airports(and ground operations)(and ground operations)
Mortar attack against airport Mortar attack against airport facilitiesfacilities
9.3.1994 - IRA mortar9.3.1994 - IRA mortar
attack on Heathrowattack on Heathrow
Home-made mortars fired from a carin a parking area
Home-made mortars fired from a carin a parking area
Armed attacks against passengers in airport Armed attacks against passengers in airport concoursesconcourses
5.7. 2002 – lone gunman 5.7. 2002 – lone gunman attacked El Al passengers attacked El Al passengers in check-in area at LAXin check-in area at LAX
Hesham Mohamed HadayetHesham Mohamed Hadayet
Attacks against air crewAttacks against air crew
Attack on El Al crew at hotel – London (20.8.1978)Attack on El Al crew at hotel – London (20.8.1978)
CBRN attacksCBRN attacks Chemical, Biological, Chemical, Biological,
Radiological or Radiological or Nuclear agent attackNuclear agent attack
Sarin Gas Attack – Tokyo 20.3.95Sarin Gas Attack – Tokyo 20.3.95AnthraxAnthrax
Dirty BombsDirty Bombs
Suicide Bomb AttackSuicide Bomb Attack
7.7.2005 - 4 suicide bombers attacked London transport system7.7.2005 - 4 suicide bombers attacked London transport system
Using aircraft as weapons Using aircraft as weapons of mass destructionof mass destruction
Using an aircraft as a weaponUsing an aircraft as a weapon
Using Remote Controlled AircraftUsing Remote Controlled Aircraft(to deliver bombs or disperse CBRN agents)(to deliver bombs or disperse CBRN agents)
2. The International Response2. The International Response
Legal FrameworkLegal Framework Convention on Convention on
International Civil International Civil AviationAviation
( ’The Chicago Convention’)( ’The Chicago Convention’)
International International ConventionsConventions
International Civil International Civil Aviation OrganisationAviation Organisation
(ICAO)(ICAO)
Annex 17 ‘Security’Annex 17 ‘Security’
Preventive Security MeasuresPreventive Security Measures
Additional Preventive Security MeasuresAdditional Preventive Security Measures
1970’s 1970’s
1980’s1980’s
1990’s1990’s
2000’s2000’s
Sterile AreasSterile Areas Passenger / Hand Baggage Passenger / Hand Baggage
ScreeningScreening
Access controlAccess control Passenger / Baggage Passenger / Baggage
ReconciliationReconciliation
Hold Baggage ScreeningHold Baggage Screening
Hardening the cockpitHardening the cockpit Suicide bombersSuicide bombers Liquid explosivesLiquid explosives
3. Concluding Remarks3. Concluding Remarks
Reactive Reactive Proactive Proactive
In the past aviation security -In the past aviation security - has reacted to new threatshas reacted to new threats
In the future aviation security –In the future aviation security – needs to predict new threatsneeds to predict new threats
Improvement StrategyImprovement Strategy
1.1. Improve the security processesImprove the security processes More intelligent processesMore intelligent processes Focus resources on those that present a riskFocus resources on those that present a risk Better facilitiesBetter facilities
2.2. Improve the performance of security staffImprove the performance of security staff Develop and apply ‘Human Factors’ best Develop and apply ‘Human Factors’ best
practicespractices
3.3. Improve and increase the use of technologyImprove and increase the use of technology Explosive detection equipment in passenger Explosive detection equipment in passenger
screeningscreening
Secure the Global Supply ChainSecure the Global Supply Chain
Regulated agent Regulated agent regime needs to be regime needs to be strengthenedstrengthened
Majority of air cargo –Majority of air cargo –
travels on passenger travels on passenger aircraftaircraft
is not security is not security screenedscreened
Restoring the Balance -Restoring the Balance -Security and FacilitationSecurity and Facilitation
Security requirements Since 9/11
Passenger numbers Complexity of processes Airport efficiency Passenger experience Operating costs Airport retail revenue
Restriction on liquids (etc.)
in hand baggage –
Potential major impact on facilitation
Restriction on liquids (etc.)
in hand baggage –
Potential major impact on facilitation
Thank youThank you