A Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Akash Bhosale and Abrarahmad Mulla Launching satellites or humans to space is a costly affair. Since man stepped on moon, it has been the constant dream of engineers, policymakers and others among the space community to develop and design a vehicle that can be used for multiple launch missions, like an aircraft, whether military or transport. The only success achieved so far is the Space Shuttle Program that has been shelved in 2011. The retirement of the Space Shuttle has left a huge void in the field of space exploration, and even though NASA is following up with the space capsule Orion, there is a renewed interest in Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV). The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) announced on January 7 th , 2015, that they will perform a RLV technology demonstration in March. If successful, this test will be a big achievement for India and ISRO, and will cement its position as a forerunner in the field of space exploration. What is a Reusable Launch Vehicle? A Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) is the space analog of an aircraft. Ideally it takes off vertically on the back of an expendable rocket and then glides back down like an aircraft. During landing phase, an RLV can either land on a runway or perform a splashdown. Small wings provide maneuverability support during landing.The main advantage of an RLV is it can be used multiple times, hopefully with low servicing costs. The expendable rocket that is used for launching the RLV can also be designed to be used multiple times. A successful RLV would surely cut down mission costs and make space travel more accessible. Vehicle Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD) to act as a platform to demonstrate various technologies like 1) Hypersonic flight, 2) Autonomous landing, 3) Flush air data measurements, 4) Re-entry thermal protection systems, etc. Indian Perspective on RLV: ISRO’s RLV Technology Demonstration Programme (RLV-TD) is a plane-like reusable vehicle launched by an expendable single state solid booster. The mission will end with a splashdown in the Indian Ocean.The rocket launcher will help it to reach Mach 6, and an altitude of 100 km. After reaching the required height it will undergo the re-entry phase, glide down and finally splash down in the Bay of Bengal. The vehicle will spend
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A Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV)
Akash Bhosale and Abrarahmad Mulla
Launching satellites or humans to space is a costly affair. Since man stepped on moon, it has been the constant
dream of engineers, policymakers and others among the space community to develop and design a vehicle that
can be used for multiple launch missions, like an aircraft, whether military or transport. The only success
achieved so far is the Space Shuttle Program that has been shelved in 2011. The retirement of the Space Shuttle
has left a huge void in the field of space exploration, and even though NASA is following up with the space
capsule Orion, there is a renewed interest in Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV).
The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) announced on January 7th
, 2015, that they will perform a RLV
technology demonstration in March. If successful, this test will be a big achievement for India and ISRO, and
will cement its position as a forerunner in the field of space exploration.
What is a Reusable Launch Vehicle?
A Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) is the space analog of an aircraft. Ideally it takes off vertically on the back
of an expendable rocket and then glides back down like an aircraft. During landing phase, an RLV can either
land on a runway or perform a splashdown. Small wings provide maneuverability support during landing.The
main advantage of an RLV is it can be used multiple times, hopefully with low servicing costs. The expendable
rocket that is used for launching the RLV can also be designed to be used multiple times. A successful RLV
would surely cut down mission costs and make space travel more accessible.
Vehicle Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD) to act as a platform to demonstrate various
technologies like
1) Hypersonic flight,
2) Autonomous landing,
3) Flush air data measurements,
4) Re-entry thermal protection systems, etc.
Indian Perspective on RLV:
ISRO’s RLV Technology Demonstration Programme (RLV-TD) is a plane-like reusable vehicle launched by an
expendable single state solid booster. The mission will end with a splashdown in the Indian Ocean.The rocket
launcher will help it to reach Mach 6, and an altitude of 100 km. After reaching the required height it will
undergo the re-entry phase, glide down and finally splash down in the Bay of Bengal. The vehicle will spend
nearly 5 minutes in its coast phase at the maximum altitude before doing re-entry.The RLV-TD Program is not
just a technology demonstration for India, but a way to prove how much it has progressed in the field of space
exploration. The test is a part of a larger plan to build a fully functional two stage to orbit (TSTO) vehicle.
Currently the annual spending budget of IRO for launching satellites is Rs. 300 cr (48.7M USD). A successful
RLV program would reduce the cost of space missions, making India more competitive in the launcher market.
For now, the test program will expand the technological capabilities of India, enabling it to be a forerunner in
space exploration in near future.The success of the Mars Orbiter Mission at the first attempt has boosted the
hopes of ISRO to send humans to Mars. A highly developed version of RLV for launching humans to
space could demonstrate the technological ability and progress achieved by Indians in the field of space
exploration. The series of experiments that need to be carried out will help in expansion of space technology
and capability of ISRO and India culminating in a fully developed version of RLV used as Two Stages to Orbit
(TSTO) vehicle.
1 BLADELESS FAN AMEY SAPKAL(BE MECH)
In October 2009, James Dyson's consumer electronics company, famous for its
line of vacuum cleaners, introduced a new device to the market called the Dyson
Air Multiplier. The Air Multiplier is a fan with an unusual characteristic: It doesn't
have any visible blades. It appears to be a circular tube mounted on a pedestal. The
shallow tube is only a few inches deep.
Looking at the device, you wouldn't expect to feel a breeze coming from the
mounted circle. There are no moving parts in sight. But if the fan is switched on,
you'll feel air blowing through the tube. How does it work? How can an open circle
push air into a breeze without fan blades?
As you might imagine, there are a few scientific principles at play here. There's
also an electronic element. While the tube doesn't have any blades inside it, the
2 BLADELESS FAN AMEY SAPKAL(BE MECH)
pedestal of the fan contains a brushless electric motor that takes in air and feeds it
into the circular tube. Air flows along the inside of the device until it reaches a slit
inside the tube. This provides the basic airflow that creates the breeze you'd feel if
you stood in front of the fan.
According to Dyson, the breeze generated by the Air Multiplier is more consistent
and steady than one from a standard fan with blades. Since there are no rotating
blades, the breeze from the fan doesn't buffet you with short gusts of air.
How the Dyson Bladeless Fan Works??????
Calling the Dyson Air Multiplier a fan with no blades is perhaps a touch
misleading. There are blades in the fan -- you just can't see them because they're
hidden in the pedestal. A motor rotates nine asymmetrically aligned blades to
pull air into the device. According to Dyson, these blades can pull in up to 5.28
gallons (about 20 liters) of air per second.
The air flows through a channel in the pedestal up to the tube, which is hollow.
The interior of the tube acts like a ramp. Air flows along the ramp, which curves
around and ends in slits in the back of the fan. Then, the air flows along the surface
of the inside of the tube and out toward the front of the fan. But how does the fan
multiply the amount of air coming into the pedestal of the device?
3 BLADELESS FAN AMEY SAPKAL(BE MECH)
It boils down to physics. While it's true that the atmosphere is gaseous, gases obey
the physical laws of fluid dynamics. As air flows through the slits in the tube and
out through the front of the fan, air behind the fan is drawn through the tube as
well. This is called inducement. The flowing air pushed by the motor induces the
air behind the fan to follow.
Air surrounding the edges of the fan will also begin to flow in the direction of the
breeze. This process is called entrainment. Through inducement and entrainment,
Dyson claims the Air Multiplier increases the output of airflow by 15 times the
amount it takes in through the pedestal's motor.
James Dyson demonstrates that there are indeed no visible blades on the Air Multiplier.
CLOUD MANUFACTURING
UJWAL D. ADMUTHE (T.E, A)
AKASH V. BHOSALE (T.E, A) Page 1
CLOUD MANUFACTURING
DEFINITION
Cloud manufacturing is a service-oriented, knowledge-based smart
manufacturing system with high efficiency and low energy consumption. In a
cloud manufacturing system, state-of-the-art technologies such as informatized
manufacturing technology, cloud computing, Internet of Things, semantic Web,
high-performance computing, and cloud manufacturing are integrated. By
extending and shifting existing manufacturing and service systems,
manufacturing resources and capabilities are virtualized and oriented towards
service provision. Cloud manufacturing provides the whole manufacturing
lifecycle with secure, reliable, high quality, and on-demand services at low
prices through networked system. The manufacturing lifecycle includes pre-
manufacturing (argumentation, design, production and sale), manufacturing
(product usage, management and maintenance), and post-manufacturing
(dismantling, scrap, and recycling).
So What Exactly is the Cloud?
“cloud” simply means that your software, data and related infrastructure are
hosted remotely via the Internet. Cloud manufacturing has become so popular
because it lowers costs while scaling seamlessly with your business. Essentially
you’re paying someone else to deal with your IT headaches, including support,
security and maintenance. You only pay for what you need, and you can expand
or change cloud services on the fly — with no capital outlay.
Operation Model and Key Technologies of Cloud Manufacturing A cloud manufacturing system consists of manufacturing resources and
capabilities, manufacturing cloud, and the whole manufacturing lifecycle
applications. It also includes core support (knowledge), two processes (import
and export), and three user types—resource providers, cloud operators and
resource users. Figure 1 illustrates the operational principle of cloud
manufacturing. Manufacturing resources and capabilities are encapsulated as
cloud services. This process is called manufacturing resource "import".
Depending on different manufacturing requirements, cloud services are
combined to form a manufacturing cloud. The cloud provides the whole
manufacturing lifecycle applications with diverse services. This process is
called "export". Knowledge plays a central role in supporting the entire
operating process of cloud manufacturing. It is necessary for intelligent
embedding and virtualized encapsulation during import; it assists functions such
as intelligent search of cloud services; and it facilitates smart cooperation of
cloud services over the whole manufacturing lifecycle. In cloudmanufacturing
system, knowledge-based integration across the whole lifecycle is possible.
CLOUD MANUFACTURING
UJWAL D. ADMUTHE (T.E, A)
AKASH V. BHOSALE (T.E, A) Page 2
A cloud manufacturing application Users send specific requests to the cloud manufacturing platform. This platform
is responsible for the management, operation, and maintenance of
manufacturing clouds and service tasks such as import and export. It analyzes
and divides service requests, and automatically searches the cloud for best-
matched services. By a series of processes including scheduling, optimization
and combination, a solution is generated and then sent back to the client. A user
does not need to communicate directly with every service node, nor find the
specific locations and situations of service nodes. Through the cloud
manufacturing platform, manufacturing resources and capabilities can be used