Introduction The Jews in Jerusalem introduced a kind of banking in the form of money lending before the birth of Christ. The word 'bank' was probably derived from the word bench' as during ancient time Jews used to do money -lending business sitting on long benches. First modern banking was introduced in 1668 in Stockholm as 'Svingss Pis Bank' which opened up a new era of banking activities throughout the European Mainland. In the South Asian region, early banking system was introduced by the Afgan traders popularly known as Kabuliwallas. Muslim businessmen from Kabul, Afganistan came to India and started money lending business in exchange of interest sometime in 1312 A.D. They were known as 'Kabuliawallas'. Industrial Overview Now a day's bank plays an important role of financial stability of a country. It is an institute, which is responsible for safeguarding the financial stability of a country. Due to globalization & technological innovation banking system has become very competitive. The present economic state of Bangladesh demands immediate market development of financial institutions. The key to success in
The Jews in Jerusalem introduced a kind of banking in the form of money lending before the birth of Christ. The word 'bank' was probably derived from the word bench' as during ancient time Jews used to do money -lending business sitting on long benches.
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IntroductionThe Jews in Jerusalem introduced a kind of banking in the form of money lending before the
birth of Christ. The word 'bank' was probably derived from the word bench' as during ancient
time Jews used to do money -lending business sitting on long benches.
First modern banking was introduced in 1668 in Stockholm as 'Svingss Pis Bank' which
opened up a new era of banking activities throughout the European Mainland.
In the South Asian region, early banking system was introduced by the Afgan traders
popularly known as Kabuliwallas. Muslim businessmen from Kabul, Afganistan came to
India and started money lending business in exchange of interest sometime in 1312 A.D.
They were known as 'Kabuliawallas'.
Industrial Overview
Now a day's bank plays an important role of financial stability of a country. It is an
institute, which is responsible for safeguarding the financial stability of a country. Due to
globalization & technological innovation banking system has become very competitive. The
present economic state of Bangladesh demands immediate market development of
financial institutions. The key to success in such demanding market situation is how automated
the service is on a continuous real time basis.
Number and Types of Banks
The number of banks in all now stands at 49 in Bangladesh. Out of the 49 banks, four are
In case of premature liquidation, the applicable interest rate is savings Bank account rate.
Installment to be made available in Savings Account in due time.
i) Double Benefit Plus
Only individuals can open this account.
Money deposited in this account will be doubled in 6 (six) years.
Deposit amounts will be Tk. 100,000/-or it’s multiple, and maximum will be Tk. 2,500,000/-under single name and Tk. 4,000,000/-under joint name.
In case of premature encashment, the applicable rate will be the simple savings rate of the Bank; however, there will be no interest payment for premature encashment within six months life of the account.
Loan facility will be available up to 90% of the deposited amount.
Value at maturity
Tenure Initial deposit Value at maturity7-years Tk. 100,000/= Tk. 200,000/=
j) Triple Benefit Plus
Only individuals can open this account.
Money deposited in this account will be Tripled in 9 (nine) years 6 (six) months.
Deposit amounts will be Tk. 100,000/-or it’s multiple, and maximum will be Tk.
2,500,000/-under single name and Tk. 4,000,000/-under joint name.
In case of premature encashment, the applicable rate will be the simple savings rate of the
Bank; however, there will be no interest payment for premature encashment within six
months life of the account.
Loan facility will be available up to 90% of the deposited amount.
Value at maturity
Tenure Initial deposit Value at maturity
9.6-years Tk. 100,000/= Tk. 300,000/=
k) Monthly Benefit Plus
MB+ is a 5-year scheme that lets the customer earn monthly benefit of Tk. 850/- or its multiple by
minimum initial deposit of Tk. 100,000 or its multiple. Features of this product are: MB+ is a 5-year
scheme that lets the customer earn monthly benefit of Tk. 850/- or its multiple by minimum initial
deposit of Tk. 100,000 or its multiple. Features of this product are:
Only individuals can open this account.
The individual must have a Savings account with the bank in which the monthly benefit will be credited
automatically. This link account will not be charged for incidental charges.
Deposit amounts will be Tk. 100,000/-or it’s multiple, and maximum will be Tk. 2,500,000/-under
single name and Tk. 4,000,000/-under joint name.
The tenure of deposit will be 3 years and 5 years. The person will get monthly benefit of Tk. 975/-
for deposit amount of Tk. 100,000/-for 3 years term deposit and Tk. 1,000/-for deposit amount of
Tk. 100,000/-for 5 years term deposit.
In case of premature encashment, the applicable rate will be the simple savings rate of the Bank;
however, there will be no interest payment for premature encashment within six months life of the
account. The principal amount will be adjusted at the time of providing savings account rate.
Loan facility will be available against the account.
Deposit and monthly payment matrix
Deposit amount (In Taka) Monthly interest amount100,000 850200,000 1700300,000 2550
400,000 & onwards 3400 & onwards100,000 850
L) Coverage Loan This product will facilitate the customer to have financing for purchase of Apartment, house,
construction of new house, extension of existing house etc.
The product will allow Automobile/car [brand new or recondition] financing for personal
use only. But car model should not order four years at the time of registration in
Bangladesh.
A consumer credit scheme that support purchase of various consumer durable such as
television, Refrigerator, Ac etc. Any Bangladeshi individual has the means and capacity to
repay the loan.
Medical emergencies in life come unannounced! One can hardly BD prepared for such
exigencies. Now Bank Asia’s Medical Support Gives you the financial support and peace of
mind to tackle any unforeseen.
m) Repayment Procedure
Loan will be repaid depending on the inflows from investment as well as from other source of income
as weekly, monthly or quarterly basis.
Interest Rate
General interest & rates are as Bank Asia declared with the honorable customer is shown below. We
offer different rates and interest on different product. Below you will see some tables that include most
significant information.
The Table Below Contains the Chart of Bank Asia:
Interest Rate on Lending
Type Mid Rate MaximumAgriculture (including Jute) Term Loan (Large & Medium Scale Industries)Working CapitalExportOther Commercial LendingSmall & Cottage Industries (with Govt. refinance)Small & Cottage Industries (without Govt. refinance)Urban HousingOverdraft (OD) against FDR (issued by bank asia ltd)Overdraft (OD) against FDR (issued by other bank)Overdraft (OD) against FDR (MB+, DB+, DG+ of B.A. Ltd)Micro Credit (Micro Credit Scheme)Micro Credit (Personal Credit Scheme)Micro Credit (Car Own Scheme)Micro Credit (Consumer Credit Scheme)OthersOverdraft (OD) against FDR (Similar Instruments issued by other banks)
Nostro Accounts: A bank who maintains the account with foreign bank is called the nostro account. It means our account with them. Suppose Bank Asia maintains an account with ICICI Bank Mumbai. This account is called the nostro account.
Financial institutions with which Bank Asia maintains account.
SLNO
Currency
Bank- City Country Opening date Date ofReporting toBangladesh
Blank
A/C NO
1. USD AMEX NEW YORK USA 22.12.99 17.07.01 10700-001
2. USD SCB NEW YORK USA 26.12.99 17.07.01 10700-0023. USD CITY BANK
NANEW YORK USA 19.12.99 170701 10700-003
4. USD HAB NEW YORK USA 15.05.01 17.07.01 10700-0185. USD HSBC NEW YORK USA 30.03.04 19.0504 10700-0216. ACUDAB BANK LTD MUMBAI INDIA 21.12.99 17.07.01 10700-009
7. EURO CITY BANK NA
LONDON ENGLAND
15.03.00 17.07.01 10700-0108. USD MASHREQ
BANKNEW YORK USA 10.03.00 17,07,01 10700-012
9. CHF CREDIT SUISSE
ZURICH SWITZERLAND
06.03.01 170701 10700-013
10. CAD BNS TORONTO CANADA 20.0201 17.0701 10700-01411.EURO COMMERZ BERLIN GERMAN
Y15.06.00 17.07.01 10700-015
12. GBP NATWEST LONDON ENGLAND
26.01.01 17.0701 107W-01713.EURO HYPOVERIEBS
RANKBERLIN GERMAN
Y14.01.01 2301.02 10700-020
14.ACUD HABIB BANK KARACHI PAKISTAN
24.09.01 25.09.01 10700-01915. AUD HSDC SYDNEY AUSTRAL
IA03.05.04 28.06.04 10700-022
16.ACUD ICICI BANKLTD
MUMDAI IDNIA 04.09.04 120904 10700.023
17.ACUD BNB THIMPl1 BHUTAN 18.05.05 31.05.05 10700-02418.ACUD MCD BANK
LTDCOLOMBO SRILANK
A240505 31.05.05 10700-25
19.ACUD MCD BANK LTD
KARACHI PAKISTAN
2405.05 OLD 107W-028
20.ACUD SCB MUMBI INDIA 21.09.05 21 11.05 10700-02621. JPY UBAF TOKYO JAPAN 140.03.06 18.06.06 10700-02722. USD WACHOVIA NEW YORK USA 01 03 08 11.03 OR 107(N).029
Balance with Other banks –Outside Bangladesh (Nostro Account)As at 31 December 2008
Name of the Bank Account Type
2008 2007Curren
cy Type
FC amount
Exchange Rate
Equivalent Taka
FC amount
Exchange Rate
Equivalent Taka
Interest Bearing:Standard Chartered Bank, New York CD USD 758153.31 70.00 53070732 1021375.96 70.00 71496317Citibank Na, London CD EURO 9876.28 90.00 888865 925.59 90.00 83303Citibank Na, New York CD USD 8097.87 70.00 566851 424166.20 70.00 29691634Citibank Na, London CD GBP 1884.45 130.00 244979 45833.29 130.00 5958328Mashreqbank psc, New York CD USD 22127.91 70.00 1548954 14427.21 70.00 1009905National Bank plc,London CD GBP 26149.88 130.00 3399484 3368.46 130.00 437900Habib American Bank, New York CD USD 616886.00 70.00 43182020 124553.24 70.00 8718727Standard Chartered Bank, Mumbai CD ACU 365426.87 70.00 25579881 165297.13 70.00 11570799
128481766 128966913
Non Interest Bearing:AB Bank Ltd, Mumbai CD ACU 395363.36 70.00 27675435 80732.19 70.00 5651253American Express Bank Ltd,New York CD USD 17400.11 70.00 1218008 477767.66 70.00 33443736Credit Suisse First Boston, Zurich CD CHF 1366.45 50.00 68323 6353.2 50.00 317660Bank of Nova Scotia, Zurich CD CAD 5920.6 55.00 325633 3996.95 55.00 219832Commerzbank AG, Frankfurt CD EORO 6062.8 90.00 545652 174233.97 90.00 15681057Habib Metropolitan Bank Ltd, Karachi CD ACU 120092.92 70.00 8406504 6299.49 70.00 440964Hypo Vereinsbank, Munich CD EURO 1640.51 90.00 147646 778.41 90.00 70957HSBC, New York CD USD 383954.99 70.00 26876849 812798.04 70.00 56895863HSBC Australia Ltd, Sydney CD AUD 5418.42 50.00 270921 4366.08 50.00 218304ICICI Bank Ltd, Mumbai CD ACU 1058010.46 70.00 74060732 17923.89 70.00 1254672
Bhutan National Bank Ltd, Thimphu CD USD 120400.00 70.00 8428000 42850.00 70.00 2999500Muslim CommercialBank Ltd,Colombo CD ACU 38907.74 70.00 2723542 352822.76 70.00 24697593
Muslim Commercial Bank Ltd, Karachi CD ACU 138925.80 70.00 9724806 99880.00 70.00 6991600Nepal Bangladesh Bank, Kathmandu CD ACU 123420.32 70.00 8639422 … … …Wachovia Bank N.A, New York CD USD 40237.44 70.00 2816621 … … …UBAF, Tokyo CD JPY 1934958.00 .55 1064227 1466032.73 .55 806318
172992321 149689309
301474087 278656222Vostr'o Account: It means their account with us. If the foreign bank like ICICI Bank Mumbai maintains an account with Bank Asia Dhaka then this account is called Vostro Account.
Financial institutions which maintain an account with Bank Asia.
SI. NO Currency Bank City Country
1 USD MUSIL COMMERCIAL BANK
KARACHI PAKISTAN
Foreign Exchange Operation Remittance of mounds:
With a network of their branches spread over the entire country banks are very suitable institutions for the remittance of funds from one place to another bank remittance are safe, swift, cheaper and simple.
Inward and Outward Foreign Remittance:
The term "inward remittance" includes not only remittances received by SWIFT, IT NT etc. but also purchase of bills, traveler cheques
etc. inward remittance in foreign currency comprises the following inflow.
I. Remittance received by drafts and mail transfer.
2. Remittance received by SWIFT/secured mail/web mail transfer.
3. Remittance received by telegraphic transfer and
4. Purchase of bills and travelers cheques.
As per existing exchange control regulation in Bangladesh inward remittance equivalent to US dollar 2,000 and above, should be reported on prescribed from "From C". Bangladesh bank has allowed to the effect that declaration in "From-C" will not be required by the beneficiary in Bangladeshi against any remittance sent by any Bangladeshi national working abroad. Therefore, the A/D branches, before disbursement or the remittance, shall obtain Payment of Drafts and Mail Transfer:
A. Before payment or any draft and mail transfer in foreign currency the A/D branch must observe the following procedures:
1. AID branch shall examine whether the draft/mail transfer has been properly drawn on them.
2. The signatures appearing on the instruments must be verified by the A/D branch.
3. A/D branch shall ensure that there is no alteration or tempering in the body of thc draft/MI'.
4. The A/D branch should also ascertain whether cover has been credited to the nostro account of the head office against such draft/mail
transfer.5. Conversion of the foreign currency into taka be made by applying rate of the bank
Before disbursement of any Authenticated mail/SWIFT/Telegraphic transfer received from foreign correspondent the A/D branch shall ensure
that:
1. An authorized officer of the A/D branch has authenticated the test appearing in tile T.T. message.
2. The T.T. has been received through the mail/SWIFT/telex machine of the A/D Branch. After being satisfied on the authenticity of the
instrument /1/D branch shall disburse the same.
Payment of Taka Draft Issued by Foreign Bank/Exchange Companies:In the financial year 2005-2006, inward foreign remittance (wage earners) of taka = 3,22,75G.80 million was received in Bangladesh remitted by
different banks and exchange companies the commercial banks in Bangladesh conclude taka drawing arrangements with different
banks/exchange companies subject to prior approval of Bangladesh bank. The exchange companies, as per arrangements, draw taka drafts on
the nominated branches of the banks Bangladesh. They remit cover of their drawings in US dollar/pound sterling through the new
York/London correspondents as per arrangement for credit to the head office account of the banks in Bangladesh. The bank purchases such
US/dollar/pound sterling cover fund and credits the taka proceeds to the taka account of the exchange companies maintain with the banks.
Taka drafts issued by banks/exchange companies (located outside Bangladesh) are being declaration from the beneficiary in a prescribed from
"From-C", where applicable
paid by debit to the taka account of the exchange companies provided the instruments are found
otherwise in order.
Outward Foreign Remittance
All remittance from Bangladesh to a foreign country or local currency credited to nonresident taka
account of' foreign banks or convertible taka accounts constitute outward remittance of foreign
exchange. Any person who wishes to purchase foreign exchange must lodge an application for the
purpose on a prescribed from with an authorized dealer branch. There arc two types of application
forms for outward remittance -"1MP from" and IM from".
A. IMP from is designed to cover remittances for payment of import obligation.
B. TM from arc designed to cover all other types of remittances other than imports.
Outward remittance may be made only by the A/D branches by method appropriate to the country to
which remittance is authorized. Most the outward remittances are approved by THC authorized dealer
on behalf of Bangladesh bank due to delegation of authority by Bangladesh bank to A/D branches.
Only a few remittances of special nature require Bangladesh bank's prior approval.
On receipt of the application in the prescribed from, the authorized dealer branch may affect the sale of'
foreign exchange if they are empowered to approve the application on behalf of Bangladesh bank;
otherwise prior approval of Bangladesh bank is to be obtained. If the transaction requires prior
approval of Bangladesh bank, the form should be forwarded by the A/D branch to Bangladesh bank for
consideration. The customers are not generally allowed to submit any application to Bangladesh bank
directly. Onward remittance if favor of beneficiaries outside Bangladesh may be made in any of the
following manners:
A. By issuing demand draft.
B. By Issuing Mail Transfer
C. By issuing SWIFT/Telegraphic Transfer
D. By issuing Travelers cheques for travel purpose
Other Outward Commercial Remittance Other Than Imports:
A/D branches are allowed to effect the following types of outward remittances without prior
permission of' Bangladesh bank subject to the fulfillment of formalities mentioned at chapter 16, 17, 18
and 19 of guidelines for foreign exchange transaction :
Remittance of royalty and technical fee if it does not exceed 6 of cost of imported machineries.
Remittance of profits of branches of foreign firm other than financial institutions.
Remittance of profits of sterling Tea Estate Companies.
Remittance of profit of banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions
Remittance of subscription to foreign media service.
Remittance of cost/fees for renter monitors.
Remittance of membership fee of foreign professionals and scientific institutions for
application, registration, admission, examination of TOEFL, SAT etc.
Remittance of freight and passage collections by branches or agents of foreign airlines and
shipping companies.
Remittance of surplus carryings of foreign airlines and shipping companies.
Remittances of surplus earnings of courier companies.
Remittances against export claims (short weight claims, quality claim).
Release of Foreign Exchange for Travel Abroad:
The At) branch may release the following amount of foreign exchange to ally 13,1nglaclc,tilt national for
travel purpose during a calendar year as tinder :
A. For visit to SAARC member countries and Myanmar: if travel is made by road, yearly Quota is US
$ 500 per person and if travel is made by air yearly Quota is US $ 1,000 (cash US $ 500 and
balance in T/C).
B. For visit to other countries (other than SAARC countries and Myanmar) yearly Quota is US $
3,000 per person. - cash US $ 500 and balance in T/C
But is both the cases (A and B above), cash FC notes up to US $ 200 can be issued by AD branch Without
visa and cash FC notes up to US $ 500 be issued after production or visa.
Requirement:
A. Valid passport of the passenger with visa.
B. Confirmed air ticket.C. T/M from duly filled in and signed by the passenger photocopy of the passport of the assignor,
photocopy of the valid ticket Along with T/M from duly filled in and signed but the passenger will
be retained by AD branch.
Student Files:
Foreign exchange may be released by the Ads for admission and study by Bangladesh nationals in regular
courses in recognized educational institutions abroad subject to verification of bonfires according to the
following drill:
(A) Application and Required Papers:
i. . Application duly filled in
ii. Original and photocopy of admission letter issued by the educational institution in favor of thc
student (such as the 1-20 in tile case of US institutions);
iii. Original and photocopy of estimate relating to annual tuition fee, broad and lodging, incidental
expenses etc. issued by the concerned educational institution (1-2 in case of US institutions)
iv. Attested copies of educational certificates of the applicant; and
v. Valid passport.
(B) Examination and Processing by AD
i. After Scrutinizing the application and the supporting documents submitted the AD shall issue
foreign exchange as per estimate furnished by the educational institution subject to
adjustment with the travel entitlement. On application from the concerned student, expenses in
transit not exceeding US dollar 200 or its equivalent in other freely convertible currency may be
allowed out of travel entitlement described in Para I of chapter 19 of `Guidelines of Foreign
Exchange Transactions, 1996, volumc-1'.
ii. In each case of sale of foreign exchange, the front page of the original letter of
estimate/acceptance letter issued by the concerned educational institute should bear clearly tile
round stamp of the foreign exchange issuing bank branch and also tile signature of the officer of
the said branch.
iii. After verifying the original copies of papers referred to in Para 10(A) above, the foreign exchange
issuing ADs would attest the photocopy thereof and preserve the same. Thereafter the original
copies would be returned to the applicant.
iv. Foreign exchange payable to the educational institution should be issued in favor of the institution
concerned in the form of TT/MT/Draft. If payment on account of board and lodging/ incidental
expenses etc. are not required compulsorily to be in favor of tile educational institution, foreign
exchange on these counts may be issued in favor of the student in the form of TC/Draft etc.
Educational institutions sometimes require applications to send advance amounts for processing
of applications; retention of seats etc, if the papers of the foreign educational institutions clearly
state such requirement, advance remittance may be affected.
v. The facility of purchase o1'foreign exchange/ remittance will not be admissible for more than one
academic year at a time.
vi. For each release of foreign exchange subsequent to the first release, then current progress report
and current estimate of the educational institution should take into consideration. The Ads shall
maintain separate file for each student with al relevant papers in readiness for perusal by
inspecting officials of Bangladesh bank.
vii. All purchases of foreign exchange throughout the entire duration of a course of' study pursued
aboard should be from one AD bank branch. For any intended change in this respect, the relevant
file shall be transferred direct to the concerned new AD branch on written request by the student.
Under no circumstances should the file be tile handed over to the student
Traveler Cheques:
A traveler cheque is another instrument issued by banks for the remittance of money from one place to
another. It is issued for the convenience of the traveling public. When a person wants to travel without
taking the risk of carrying cash with him he may avail of tile facility of traveler cheques.Loss of Traveler
Cheques:
A traveler cheque is encashable only when the payee countersigns the same in the presence of the paying
banker. In case it is lost without his counter-signature, tile traveler cliques can not be encashed easily by
the finder because to forge the signature of the payee in the presence of the paying banker is not any
easy task. The banker refunds the amount such traveler cheque to its purchaser.
The purchaser of a traveler cheque may default in fulfilling his own duty to sign in the presence of the
paying banker and thereby the cheque may be enchased by some one else. In an American case,
Emerson vs. American express company the purchaser of .the traveler cheque countersigned them as
against the rules and thereafter some of them were stolen and enchased. The purchaser sued the
issuing banker for wrongly enchasing the clique. But the counter held that the purchaser had
committed a breach of the contract with tile bank and the letter was not derelict in its duty for not
sending notice of loss of such clique to every branch of the bank and other establishment. The
purchaser's claim against tile bank was, therefore, rejected. On tile other hand, if the signature of the
purchaser on the traveler cheque is forged and payment has been made by the bank, it would be
considered negligence on the part of the bank and it will be held responsible for tile same.
Foreign Exchange Risk:
Foreign exchange risk arises from adverse movement of exchange rate when the Bank has positions in
foreign currencies. It is defined as the deviation in earnings arising due to unfavorable changes in
exchange rates. The Treasury Department, where foreign exchange is arises, has been restructured by
operationally and physically segregated front office and back office. The department has also been
equipped with better human and technical resources following the central bank guidelines
Money Laundering:
A definition of what constitutes the offence of money laundering under Bangladesh law is set out in
section 2 ('Iha) of thc prevention of money laundering act 2002 (act No. 7 of 2002) which is reads as
follows: "Money Laundering Means:
(Au) properties acquired or earned directly or indirectly through illegal means;
(Aa) illegal transfer, conversion, concealment of location or assistance in the above act of the
properties acquired or carried directly of indirectly through legal or illegal means;"
Another declination or Money Laundering under US law is, "... The involvement in any one transaction
or series of transactions that assists a criminal in keeping, concealing or disposing of proceeds derived
from illegal activities."
Why Money Laundering Done?
1. Money represent tile lifeblood of the organization that engage in criminal conduct for financial gain
because it covers operating, replenishes inventories, purchase the services of corrupt officials to
escape detection and further the interests of the illegal enterprise, and pays for an extravagant
lifestyle's spend money in these ways, criminals must make tile money they derived illegally appear
legitimate.
2. A trail of' money from an offense to criminals can become incriminating evidence. Criminals must
obscure or hide the source of their wealth or alternatively disguise ownership or control to ensure
that illicit proceeds are not used to prosecute them.
3. File proceeds from crime often become the target of investigation and seizure. To shield ill-gotten
gains from suspicion and protect them from seizure, criminals must conceal their existence or,
alternatively, make them look legitimate.
Why we Must Combat Money Laundering?
1. Money laundering has potentially devastating economic, security, and social consequences. Money
launderings a process vital to making crime worthwhile. It provides the fuel for drug dealers,
smugglers, terrorists, illegal arms dealers, corrupt public officials, and others to operate and
expand their criminal enterprises.
2. Money laundering diminishes government tax revenue and therefore indirectly harms honest
taxpayers. It also makes government tax collection more difficult.
3. Money laundering distorts asset and commodity prices and leads to misallocation of resources.
4. One of the most serious microeconomic effects of money laundering is felt in the private sector.
Money launders often use front companies, which co-mingle the proceeds of illicit activity with
legitimate funds, to hide tile ill-gotten gains. These front companies have access to substantial
illicit funds, allowing them to subsidize front company products and services at levels well below
market rates.
5. No one knows exactly how much "dirty" money flows through the world's financial system every
year, but the amounts involved are undoubtedly huge. Tile international; money fund has estimated
that the magnitude of money laundering between 2 and 5 percent of world gross domestic product, or
at least USD 800 billion to USD 1.5 trillion. In some countries, these illicit proceeds dwarf
government budgets, resulting in a loss of control of economic policy by governments. Indeed, in
some cases, the sheer magnitude of the accumulated asset base of laundered proceeds can be
used to corner markets-or even small economics.
6. Among its other negative socioeconomic effects, money laundering transfers economic power from
the market, government, and citizens to criminals.
7. The social and political costs of laundered money are also serious as laundered money may be used to
corrupt national institutions. Bribing of officials and governments undermines the moral fabric in
55 10500 69.5 730000 India 10 146000 3649 3000 45056 18900 69.5 1314000 India 10 132000 6567 3000 45057 37800 69.5 2627100 India 10 26300 13135 3000 35058 43723.
769.5 3039000 Japan 15 759699 15494 3000 350
59 13300 69.5 925000 India 10 138653 4625 3000 35060 18900 69.5 1313550 Japan 10 132000 6567 3000 45061 36000 69.5 2502000 India 10 625500 12510 3000 45062 13300 69.5 924350 India 15 139000 4622 3000 45063 881205 69.5 615000 India 20 123000 3073 3000 45064 42000 69.5 5004000 India 10 504400 20016 3000 45065 81200 69.5 9035000 India 10 903000 36140 3000 45066 58800 69.5 6255000 India 10 62550 2520 3000 35067 21000 69.5 1459500 India 20 292000 7298 3000 45068 73500 69.5 5108250 India 10 511000 20433 3000 45069 8000 69.5 556000 China 20 112000 2780 3000 45070 17225 69.5 97137 India 10 120000 5096 3000 45071 10690.
369.5 743000 India 25 186000 3715 3000 450
72 10363.5
69.5 721000 India 30 216000 3601 3000 340
73 16000 69.5 1112000 China 20 223000 5566 3000 35074 32368 69.5 2249576 China 20 450000 11248 3000 35075 37600 69.5 2614000 India 10 262000 130360 3000 45076 17700 69.5 1231000 India 10 124000 6150 3000 450
Types o f L/C
• Revocable irrevocable/c. Confirmed /Unconfirmed L/C. Transferable L/C. Back to back L/C. Accept L/C. Revolving L/C. Red clause L/C. Green Clause L/C.
Procedures of Opening L/C:a) Application for Opening L/CAn importer who is desirous to import goods from foreign country will apply issuing bank for
opening an L/C. the importer will provide an application mentioning the following aspects.
Full particulars of applicant's bank accounts.
Types of business.
Historical background.
Amount of required L/C limit.
Terms of 'payments.
Name of imported goods.
Repayment schedule and source of fund.
b) Documents Required for Opening. L/C
An importer or L/C opener has to submit the following documents:
Application from (provided by the bank).
Import registration certificate.
Preformed invoice.
Four set of' IMP form.
Insurance cover note.
VAT registration number.
Letter of credit authorization form
c) Examination for Opening L/C
Application must be carefully checked by the concern officer considering the facts mentioning below:
The terms and conditions of L/C applications are consistence with exchange control and import trade regulation UCPDC 500.
Illegibility of imported goods.
'I'he L/C must be opened in favor of importer.
That is signed by the importer and agreed with the terms and conditions.
Indenting registration number.
Goods are not made in Israel and vessels to be used are not of Israel.
Insurance cover note with date of shipment.
Whether IRC is up to date or not.
Whether IMP form is dully filled up and signed.
• The imported goods are marketable.
After scrutinizing all these legal aspects necessary entry is given to the margin register and
charges, commission and margin is realized.
d) Cable/Telex/Fax/Letter of Credit
In international trade, receipt of L/C by Cable /Telex/Fax is preferred by all. In that case the
whole text of UC is to be transmitted by telex/cable/fax to the advising bank by the opening
bank. If the importer desires that the L/C is to be advised by a short cable, then a short coded
cable is sent incorporating principal terms of the L/C. The cable must conclude with the words
"Airmailing details". The regular airmail L/C must state this is in confirmation of our cable
dated
e) Additional Confirmation to Import L/C
The beneficiary of' L/C may ask for the additional confirmation to a letter of credit by an
internationally reputed bank located in beneficiary's country. In that case after adding
Confirmation, tile negotiation becomes restricted to the bank who has added their confirmation
to the credit. In case there is no branch of the advising bank in the beneficiary's country, the
reimbursing bank may confirm to the advising bank that they are holding reimbursing
authority. This may also serve the purpose of adding confirmation.
Date Dr. (TK) Cr.(TK)
Party A/C Dr.S. Deposit margin on VC Cr.
XXXXXXXXXX
S. Deposit VAT on UC Cr. XXXXXS. Deposit A/C tax deducted from UC com. (imp) Cr. XXXXXIncome A/C commissions on L/C Cr. XXXXXIncome A/C Data Max. Cr. XXXXXIncome A/C Postage Cr. XXXXXIncome A/C courier charge Cr. XXXXXIncome A/C ti9iscellancous Cr. XXXXX
f) Transmitting the L/C
'File L/C is transmitted to the advising bank for advising L/C to the beneficiary’s/C is generally
transmitted through telex or fax. Before transmission a final examination of the L/C is necessary
for the issuing bank. It is customary to advice a credit to the beneficiary for receiving L/C.
g) Add Confirmation
Very often advising bank receive request from the issuing bank to add their confirmation while
advising credit to the beneficiary. the advising bank can do it is there bank prior arrangement
between advising and issuing bank or if it feels that the issuing bank is repute and reliable
institution and good enough to discharge this obligation.
h) Amendment
The letter of credit opened by a bank may need amendment. If the supplier finds that the term
of the credit cannot be complied with in full, he would arrange for necessary amendments by the
opener before the goods are shipped. These amendments must be advised by the opening bank
to the supplier through advising bank.
Sometimes the opener also may like to amend the credit after it has been advised. These
amendments may relate to the decrease or increase in amount of credit, change in foreign
currency, and change in the dates of shipment or negotiation, change in merchandise and other
terms o1'thc credit. These amendments must also be advised by the opening bank to tile supplier
through the advising or confirming bank before the shipment is made.
i ) Cancellat ion
The liability under the letter of credit is reversed as and when bills arc received and paid under it.
If, at the end of period of negotiation allowed under the credit, a portion or full value of credit is
unutilized, it is automatically cancelled. However, the date is valid for negotiation at the other
end.
j) Shipment
Import policy sets down the validity period applicable to each type of license on the basis of the
goods covered by them. Unless otherwise specified, shipment of goods shall take place within
the validity of License/LCAF.
In case of shipment made by sea the date of shipment will be the date on the Bill of Lading.In
case of imports by air, the date of the relevant consignment note/airway bill will normally be
taken as the date of dispatch, provided this represents the date on which the goods left the last
airport in the country from which the import is affected.
In case of post parcels the date of stamp of the office of dispatch on the packet or the dispatch note is taken to be the date of dispatch.
In case of imports made from countries connected with land, the date of dispatch of goods by
rail, road, or other recognized mode of transport to the consignee in Bangladesh or on
consignment basis will be taken to be the date of shipment.
k) Lodgment of Documents
After shipment of contracted goods, the supplier prepares shipping documents and presents
these to negotiating bank. On being satisfied that the documents are in order in terms of letter of
credit, the negotiating bank makes payment to the supplier by debiting the opening bank's
account.
On receipt of the shipping documents from the negotiating bank L/C opening bank should
carefully examine these to ensure that they conform to the terms of the credit.
If there be any discrepancy in the documents, the bank should immediately advise the importer
to seek his acceptance of the documents despite the discrepancy. If the importer refuses to
accept the documents, the bank should advise the negotiating bank by cable or telex for
instruction with regard to disposal of tile goods and the documents. If 110 replies are received
regarding disposal of dishonored documents, the same should be returned to the concerned bank
with the instruction to reverse the entry if the issuing bank is debited with the value of the goods.
If the documents are found in order and these are acceptable to the importer, the bank lodges the
bill in PAD (Payment against Documents).
l) Accounting Procedure at the time of Lodgment
Whether the documents are paid or dishonored, the opening bank will reverse the liability entries in their books as under:
Contingent liability reversal voucher
DR- Banks liability on L/C CR-
Customer's liability on L/C
m) Vouchers of lodgment of documents
DR- Payment against document (PAD) OrBill of exchange (B/E)
CR- Balance with Correspondent Bank account (Responding to the debitentry) Or
In case of Authorized Dealer Branch HO. General A/C is to be credited
CR- Exchange Account
n) Retirement of Import Documents
After retirement of documents by the importer, the bank will put endorsement on the draft stating
"Received Payment" under seal and signature of the bank's authorized officer. The invoice is
certified as "certify invoice value" (stating foreign Currency equivalent of Tk). The B/L is
endorsed in favor of the importer.
Before delivering the import documents to the importers the Authorized Dealer should invariably
endorse on the invoices accompanying the bills the amount in figures and words which they
have remitted from Bangladesh. In case of payment on DA terms, the amount for which the bill
has been accepted should be endorsed in the invoices.
The aggregate amount of foreign exchange sold against an LCAF whether under L/C or
otherwise, should not exceed the value mentioned in the LCAF.
In all cases of remittances for imports into Bangladesh, the importer must submit within 4
months from the dates of remittances the relevant exchange control copy of the customs bill of
entry. In case of import by post, the importer must submit the invoice certified by the customs
authorities in lieu of the exchange control copy of the bill of entry.
The Authorized Dealers will obtain invoice, in duplicate, both of which will be certified by them
as usual. After recording in the IMP form the particulars of the remittance effected, the original
copy of the IMP form along with a copy of the certified invoice shall be forwarded to the
Bangladesh Bank with the usual monthly returns.
The duplicate copy of' IMP form will be retained by the Authorized Dealer. Subsequently when
the exchange control copy of the bill of entry/customs certified invoice is submitted by the
importer, the particulars therein should be matched and checked with those in the IMP form and
invoice filed earlier, to see if the merchandise for which remittance was made has been duly
received in Bangladesh.
o) Clearance in Absence of Shipping Documents
Shipping Guarantee: It is a guarantee-cute-indemnity issued by the bank in favor of the Shipping
company on prescribed form provided by the shipping company. When shipping documents
against L/C are not received by the bank but goods have arrived at port needing immediate
clearance of the consignment to avoid demurrage, this guarantee is issued.
Procedure for issue of guarantee: Importer should submit the following documents to the bank
issue of the guarantee
i. Counter guarantee signed by the importer on prescribed form of the bank.
ii. Copy of invoice
iii. Non-negotiable copy of Bill of Lading/Airway bill etc.
iv. Deposit of 100% margin on invoice value (foreign currency converted into Taka at BC selling
rate)
p) Liability Voucher
Liability vouchers of L/C are to be reversed. Fresh voucher on liability against guarantee is to be
passed in the following way:
DR Customer's Liability on L/G
CR Banker's Liability on L/G
On receipt of documents from the foreign bank, the Bill of Lading is detached and surrendered to
the shipping company for release of guarantee.
q) Retirement Procedure for Deferred Payment of Usance Bill (D.A.)
When the draft is returned by the drawer (importer) having been duly accepted by him, the
following retirement procedure is followed:
i. The maturity date of the bill is to be worked out and noted in the PAD/BE register and also in
due date diary.
ii. The Foreign correspondent should be advised the due date of maturity and be authorized to
debit the nostro account of Authorized Dealer or to claim reimbursement on due date as per
terms of L/C from the reimbursing bank.
iii. In case of' DA. Bill, all documents except the accepted draft are delivered to the importer
against a simple receipt.
iv. The invoice is marked "Documents Delivered against Acceptance and remittance of wil1 be ................................effected on due date".
r) Bill Negotiated under Reserve or on Indemnity
Negotiation of bills under reserve or on indemnity is prevalent in international trade. When there
is discrepancy in the documents the Foreign correspondents or the banks negotiate documents
under reserve or on indemnity at the risk and responsibility of the paying bank (negotiating
bank).
On receipt of such documents the bill will be lodged and retired after acceptance from the
importer and such case must be disposed of within maximum period of 7 days.
s) Bills on Collection outside L/C terms
When a beneficiary is unable to get a bill negotiated under the L/C owing to major discrepancies,
he may request the Foreign Correspondent to send the documents on collection basis outside L/C
terms. In this connection, the procedure to be followed will be the same as stated above.
t) Import Procedure under Aid/Loan/Barter/Grant etc
The procedure for import under Aid/Loan/Barter/Grant etc. is, by and large, the same in respect
of ordinary imports as outlined above.
For tile purpose tile nominated banks in Bangladesh, a banking agreement is to be concluded with
the nominated bank of the donor country. All the transactions relating to certain loan is enrolled
through the dummy accounts opened in the respective nominated banks in tile respective
countries.
u) Barter
It is a self-balancing account in the books of designated bank wherein all the proceeds of
exports and imports arc credited and debited as the case may be and the balance, if any. Left in
the account is set off as per agreement at the end of the barter agreement.
v) Loans
Under loans the L/Cs are opened specifying the source of finance. The contract of
purchase is to be made and the L/Cs are to be opened strictly in terms of provisions made out in
The objective of the government is to encourage exports to the extent possible so as to earn
valuable foreign exchange for the country. All efforts have to be made to boost up exports of the
country. Therefore, export control is exercised over far less a number of items as compared to
import control. The control is mainly on such items which arc essentially needed in the country
whose indiscriminate exports may affect the domestic economy.
Registration:
Any firms/parties desirous of undertaking export trade are required to obtain Export Registration
Certificate (ERC) from the offices of the Chief Controller of Imports and Exports (C.C.I & E.),
Government of Bangladesh. No person is allowed to export any goods from Bangladesh to any
other country without obtaining such a certificate.
For the purpose of registration, an application in the prescribed form is required to be submitted
to the C.C.1 & E authority along with the following documents:
i) Nationality Certificate from the Local Authority.
ii) Trade license from Municipal Authority.
iii) Bank Certificate.
iv) Income Tax Certificate.
v) Registered Partnership deed in case of partnership concern, Memorandum & Articles
of' Association and Certificate of Incorporation in case of Limited Company.
vi) Copy of rent receipt of the business premises.
Export Order:
On receipt of registration, the exporter will proceed to contact the buyers directly through
correspondences or through a business visit to different foreign countries. TCB, BJMC and other
Trade Corporation sometimes secure bulk contracts and assign or allocate the contracts to the
actual exporters.
Contract:
When sale is agreed, a contract between buyer and seller is executed specifying the detail terms
about the sale, such as full descriptions and quantity of merchandise, value Of commodity
quoting its FOB, CFR, CIF, etc. with provision for payment at sight, DP, CAD, or
nuisance terms, whether inspection before shipment is necessary.
Export Letter of Credit:
When export is made against L/C, the exporter should examine the following terms of L/C to
avoid any future complicity to execute the order:
i) The terms and conditions of L/C are definite, clear and explicit and also in
conformity with those of the contract.
ii) The L/C should be an irrevocable one and be confirmed by the advising bank.
iii) If the import of goods is under control in buyer's country, the buyer holds a valid
import license.
iv) If the L/C is transferable or otherwise, it should be clearly mentioned in the L/C.
v) File L/C should provide sufficient time for shipment and a reasonable time for
shipment and a reasonable time for negotiation. If nothing is mentioned, tile shipper
would be allowed 21 days to negotiate the documents.
If any of the terms of the L/C appears to be vague ambiguous or too difficult for the banker to
ensure compliance, the banker should immediately refer to the concerned correspondent by letter
or cable and get the vagueness removed before advising the L/C to the beneficiary (exporter)
Shipment:
On conclusion of the contract securing the sales order, the exporter should set him earnestly to
the task of' delivering the goods on time. Failure to maintain the delivery schedule will expose
the exporter to claim from the buyers for damages on account of non-shipment or late shipment,
and in addition the exporter may also lose the patronage of the buyer for future export orders.
On dispatch of the goods to the docks, C&F agent should be given clear instructions to effect
shipment as per schedule and arrange to make necessary payments towards port charges. To
observe the customs formalities, the following documents should be sent to C& F agent by tile
exporter.
i) Export Registration Form (GRC)
ii) Commercial Invoice
iii) Packing List
iv) Copy of the Sale contract/Export L/C
v) Form VBF 9A prescribed by the Customs Authority for declaration of export goods
iv) Any other documents relevant to the specific cargo, such as, GSP* certificate or Export
permit.
EXP Form:
All exports must be declared on EXP Form. These forms will be supplied by the
Authorized Dealers for use of the exporter. The Authorized Dealers should, before
certifying any'export form. Ensure that exporter is registered with tile CCI&E under the
Registration (Importers and Exporters) Order 1952.
Certification of EXP Forms by Authorized Dealers:
Before lodging the EXP Forms with tile Customs/Postal Authorities, the exporter should get
copies of the forms certified by an Authorized Dealer. After receipt of the EXP Forms from the
exporters for certification purposes, the Authorized Dealers will see and ensure that each set of
the forms is duly filled in.
Authorized Dealer's Code
Number
Register Serial Year
Preparation of Export Documents:
As soon as the Bill of Lading or Airway Bill or Postal Receipt is received the exporter would
prepare the relevant documents and submit the same immediately to avoid being stale and for
early repatriation of export proceeds to help liquidate bank's loan etc.
The exporter should be very careful in the preparation of export documents, otherwise he will
face difficulty in the negotiation of export documents and collection of export proceeds
from the buyer.
Bill of exchange or Draft:
i) The bill of exchange or draft is usually drawn by the exporter in sets of two or three. It
must bear a date and, the number and date of the L/C or export order under which it is
drawn, and is signed by the exporter.
ii.) It must be made out in the name of the beneficiary's bank or to be endorsed to the
order of the bank depending upon the terms of the Letter of Credit. The draft is to be
drawn on the issuing bank.
iii). The draft may be at Sight or Usance. Under the Foreign Exchange Regulations in
Bangladesh, export proceeds must invariably be repatriated into the country within 4
months from the date of export. Therefore, drafts cannot be drawn with longer period than
120 days sight. Usance bill is to be paid after the period, say, 30, 60, 90 or 120 days,
specified in the bill has expired
iv). In case of usance bill, the requisite foreign bill stamp must be affixed as per Stamp Act in
force in the country.
v.) Amount of the draft must correspond to the value of the invoice and must not exceed the UC
amount or 10% of the L/C amount if it contains the word "About".
vi. Under the Exchange Control Regulations in Bangladesh, draft must be drawn to the order of
an authorized dealer.
vii. It must have interest clause where necessary.
Commercial Invoice:
A commercial invoice is a statement prepared by the shipper containing full details of the goods
shipped. It gives description and price of the merchandise, quantity, quality, packing
details and marks, names and addresses of the seller and buyer, L/C and contract Nos. terms of
trade-FOB, CFR or CIF etc., details of freight charges, insurance premium and other charges,
names of vessels, date of shipment, number of bills of lading etc.
It is to be scrutinized to ensure the following.
i. The invoice is made out in tile name of the foreign buyer and signed by the exporter.
ii. It bears the reference of the L/C or the export order and contains a full description, quantity, number of packing units, shipping marks, etc of the goods shipped.
iii. The full description of merchandise must be given in the invoice strictly as per LIC or export order.
iv. The amount of draft and invoice must be same and within the UC value.
v. Required number of invoices as per L/C plus two copies duly signed by tile beneficiary should be submitted.
vi. The mark and number on the packing shown in tile l3/I, must be identical will those given in the invoice and other documents.
Bill of Lading:
The document evidencing the carriage of goods by sea is the Bill of Lading. Bill of Lading is the
most important of the documents in connection with export of goods and negotiation of
documents. It is a document of title to the goods issued by the shipping company or its agent,
acknowledging the receipt of goods for carriage up to destination which arc deliverable to tile
consignee or his agent in the same condition as they are received
Airway Bill or Air Consignment Note:
The document evidencing the contract of carriage of goods by air is known as the
"Airway Bill or Air Consignment Note". Air-way bills or Air Consignment Notes are issued by
airlines or their agents as a receipt of consignment as carriers.
Marine Insurance Policy:
'File safe conduct of the goods from the time it leaves the exporters godown and till it reaches the
warehouse of the importer is what all parties in the transaction pray for. It depends upon the
safety of the goods during the voyage as well as the safety of the vessel that carries the goods.
Under a marine insurance policy, the insurer is liable for loss of or damage to tile goods only if it
is actually caused by a marine peril, and the principal marine perils.
Packing List:
A packing list prepared by the exporter serves to indicate the exact nature, quantity, and quality of
the contents of each package in a shipment. The list helps the importer to identify the goods and
check them against his won order. Banks may require such a list when they have financial interest
in the merchandise.
Consular Invoice:
It is an invoice signed by a consul, or some other member of the consular service of the
importing country. The main purpose of a consular invoice is to enable the authorities of the
importing countries to collect accurate information about the volume, value, quality, grade,
source, etc. of their imports for assessing import duties and also for statistical purposes.
Certificate of Origin:
It is a document certifying the country of origin of the goods. In many countries, permission to
import is refused unless a certificate of origin is produced by the buyer. This document may form
a part of the invoice itself. The essential feature is a certification of the country of origin
indicating where the goods were originally produced and/or manufactured.
Negotiation of Documents:
Soon after the shipment the exporter should make arrangement for early submission of tile
documents to tile bank, correctly prepared in conformity with tile terms of tile credit for
negotiation. The exporter should remain in constant touch with the negotiating bank for early
negotiation of export bills.
Mode of Payment
There is wide range of choices to receive payment against the exports of goods. This
choice may not entirely lie neither with the exporter nor with the importer.
i) Advance Payment : The exporter may require that the importer should make full payment for
the goods to be exported in advance. This is possible where the goods enjoy sellers' market. The
exporter would dispatch the goods only after he receives the full payment from the importer.
ii) Open Account: Under this method, goods are dispatched directly to the buyer who takes
delivery of them without making payment. He is free to dispose of the goods as he pleases. It
is arranged that he will make payment to the seller at a predetermined future date, say, two
months alter each shipment.
iii) Consignment Sale: The exporter may have his selling agents abroad. The goods are
dispatched to the selling agents abroad. They receive the goods, arrange for their storage and
sale without making any payment for them. The goods arc sold by the selling agents on
behalf' of' the exporters and as and when the sale proceeds are received they are remitted
to the exporters.
iv) Bills for Collection: A documentary collection is an operation in which a bank collects
payment on behalf of seller by delivering documents to the buyer. Under this method, the goods
are dispatched to the importer s country but the relative shipping documents, including the
documents of title to the buyer and a bill of exchange arc sent through a bank for collection of
the payments saving the expenses incurred on account of imports under L/C.
v) Letter of Credit: The most important of the payment method used universally is a letter of
credit (L/C) which serves as a bridge between buyers and sellers around the world.
Conclusion
As an internee of Bank Asia Ltd, I have truly enjoying my internship program from the learning
and experience viewpoint. I am confident that this three months internship program at Bank Asia
will definitely help me to realize my further career in the job market.
The Bank is performing well in all aspect. At present the bank is in growing stage, so there are
great change of deposit growth, investment growth, loans & advances growth. NI and TA also
increased at a very high rate. As there are lots of local and foreign banks in Bangladesh, The
Bank Asia Ltd. is promising commercial Bank among them In this competitive market Bank
Asia has to compete not only the others commercial banks but also with the public Bank. Bank
Asia Ltd. Invested more funds in exports and imports business. It is obvious that the right
thinking of this bank including establishing a successful network over the country and increasing
resources will be able to play a considerable role in the portfolio of development. Success in the
banking business largely depends on foreign exchange.
During the course of my practical orientation I have tried to learn the practical banking activities
to realize it with my theoretical knowledge, which I have greathearted and going to acquire from
various courses of my Bank Asia program.
Recommendation
If they establish networking system with their branches then it can easily transfer
data within short time.
If they cancel the introducer system then they can collect more deposit through new
account and it also satisfied the customer.
Try to avoid giving loan the political person who had bad reputation of loan
repaying.
Evaluate the securities value properly to avoid the risk of loan recovery. The
punishment system should be established to discourage the unlawful activities of
employee.
Bangladesh Bank should more active to provide CIB report.
In foreign exchange department it is require communicating with foreign bank
frequently and quickly. To make the process easy and quick the whole system should
be computerized and modern communication.
Bank Asia Ltd. Should give more attention to advertisement to create more attraction
among their customer, which is collect, more deposit and increase investment scope.
To establish a well occupied information desk in every branch.
Set target as whole branch not as personal target.
Proper and effective training about the newly changes, new concept and money
laundering rules.
Findings
• According to some clients opinion introducer is one of the problems to open an account. If
a person who is new of the city wants to open account, it is a problem for him or her to
arrange an introducer of SB or CD accounts holder.
• Political influence is one of the major problems in Bangladesh. Due to political intervention
the bank becomes obliged to provide loans in most of the cases, which are rarely recovered.
Bank has to face this in convenience situation almost every year.
• Sometimes the employee to unlawfully help the client deliberately overvalues the securities
taken against the loan. As a result if the client fails to repay the loan the authority cannot
collect even the principal money invested by the selling those assets. It is also a very
important factor the leads to loan default.
• Bank Asia Ltd. Doesn’t give their attention on advertisement. As a competition market it is
too much important for any organization to increasing their advertisements procedure.
• Grouping is one of the major problems in Bank Asia Ltd. These are case for target. Top
mgmt. set a personal target to its employees and this create a heavy disturbance to clients.
Some times clients are not properly treated with if they are refused to act according to
employees demand.
• From officer to VP, every body fears of money laundering rules. That’s why; they don’t
interest to take risk.
• Some departments are ineffective to perform well. The reason for their ineffectiveness is
lack of proper and clear concept about their duties.
Abbreviation
A/C Account
CCI and E Chief controller of import & export
DD Demand Draft
TT Telegraphic Transfer
FC Foreign Currency
FDR Fixed Deposit Receipt
FER Foreign Exchange Reserve
IMP Import
IRC Import Registration Certificate
ERC Export Registration Certificate
L/C Letter of credit
LIM Loan Against Import Merchandise
LTR Loan Against Trust Receipt
PAD Payment Against Document
PO Payment Order
STD Short Term Deposit
TIN Tax Identification number
VAT Value added tax
SWIFT Society for Worldwide Inter bank Financial
Telecommunication.
IBC Inter Branch Clearing
OBC Outside Bank Clearing
SOD Security Over Draft
PC Packing Credit
ABP Accepted bills payable
EDF Export Development Fund
Bibliography
1. Bank Management
By- “Dr. A.R.Khan”
2. Business of Banking
By-“Dr. R.M.Debnath”
3. Annual Report of Bank Asia Ltd. 2007 & 2008
3. The Brochure of Bank Asia Ltd.
All types of scheme and manual newspaper, journal, report.