Eugene-Based Electricity Generation: Optimizing Resiliency for Eugene Water and Electric Board – Phase II A collaborative investigation of opportunities to develop locally-based electricity generation across the distribution system of a publicly-owned utility to improve power system disaster resilience. Prepared for the Eugene Water and Electric Board by: Sayard Schultz, Stephanie Saracco, Warda Ajaz, Samreen Siddique, Caitlyn Clark, Haris Mushtaq, and Mohsin Ayub Through a partnership with the Oregon State University Policy Analysis Laboratory (OPAL), with support from Dr. David Bernell and the OSU School of Public Policy August 2016 http://liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/spp/opal
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Eugene-Based Electricity Generation: Optimizing
Resiliency for Eugene Water and Electric Board –
Phase II
A collaborative investigation of opportunities to develop locally-based electricity
generation across the distribution system of a publicly-owned utility to improve
power system disaster resilience.
Prepared for the Eugene Water and Electric Board by:
Solid Waste Master Plan Development Phase 1 – Operational Assessment Final Report
(2016)
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INTRODUCTION
Generating electricity locally is an important step in advancing community resiliency.
This concept can aptly be applied to a Eugene community disaster readiness plan since most fuel
and power utilized to run the community’s operations initially enters Oregon via Portland
(OSSPAC, 2013). For instance, over 90% of Oregon’s refined petroleum comes from
Washington State’s Puget Sound region (OSSPAC, 2013). This petroleum is then piped down to
Eugene. In addition, 74% of electricity EWEB provides to the community comes from a power
purchase agreement with the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) (EWEB, 2012). BPA’s
power is generated in the Columbia River Basin; which is approximately 156 miles away from
Eugene (Google Maps, 2016). The authors of the 2013 Oregon Seismic Safety Policy Advisory
Commission’s (OSSPAC) report, which details the current conditions of the state’s infrastructure
and how it will hold up to natural disasters, writes,
Due to the existing seismic hazards, the vulnerability of the exposed infrastructure, and
the potential consequences of an earthquake given both these factors, Cascadia
earthquakes pose substantial risk to the CEI Hub and to Oregon (OSSPAC,2013, p. 173). The CEI Hub refers to Oregon’s critical energy infrastructure hub that spans a six-mile
swath of land on the lower Willamette River in Portland. This hub services all of Oregon’s major
liquid fuel port terminals and high voltage electric substations and transmission lines (OSSPAC,
2013). This is particularly concerning since this hub services much of Eugene. Because of the
long distances Eugene’s energy has to travel and the potential for disconnections from disasters
along the way, developing a resiliency plan that incorporates locally developed energy would be
prudent.
In order to investigate such a proposal, a team of seven Oregon State University (OSU)
graduate students affiliated with the OSU Policy Analysis Laboratory (OPAL)1 partnered with
the Eugene Water and Electric Board (EWEB) in order to assist the Board in determining (1) the
Eugene private business community’s sentiment toward EWEB developing a locally-based
electricity generation system and options for collaboration; and (2) the feasibility of using
organic waste material as a feedstock for generating a local electricity supply. This local
electricity supply would be part of an overall Eugene community disaster readiness plan and help
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Transportation Systems
The transportation system serves to safely and quickly move people, goods, and
information. This system includes both transportation infrastructure and the means for
transportation. Both private and public entities own and operate the industries that make up this
sector. With regard to natural disasters, the county’s
aging transportation infrastructure is concerning due to a
high risk of destabilization of the transportation
network. As previously mentioned, transportation is a
lifeline function essential to the undertaking of the other
sectors (DHS, 2015i). The transportation network
includes highways and motor carriers (such as trucks
and vehicles that carry supplies or hazardous materials),
mass transit and light rail, freight rail, pipelines,
aviation, maritime, and postal services. Specific industries
among the Eugene area include Amtrak Train, Greyhound Bus,
and Eugene Airport. In addition, located in Eugene is the private company Kinder Morgan. This
company plays a major part in the refined petroleum distribution infrastructure in Oregon, with a
pipeline that transports gasoline and diesel from Portland to Eugene (Kinder Morgan, no date).
Water and Wastewater Systems
This sector is an intricate system made up of drinking
water and wastewater infrastructures of different sizes and a
variety of private and public ownerships. Water is a
prerequisite for both survival and safety. These systems are
particularly vulnerable during an emergency. In addition its
role in the avoidance of disease or sickness, water is also
needed to help maintain the needs of other critical areas, such
as hospitals, fire stations, or agricultural lands. Even though
the water sector is a lifeline, there are sectors whose
operations are vital to the water system. These sectors are
Sector Interdependencies
Source: DHS, 2015i
Sector Interdependencies
Source: DHS, 2015i
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chemical, energy, food and agriculture, healthcare, transportation, IT, and dams (DHS, 2015j).
Within the Eugene-Springfield area, the main wastewater treatment facility, Eugene-Springfield
Water Pollution Control Facility (WPCF), is publicly owned and operated. This facility runs 24
hours a day, every day and collects wastewater from homes, businesses, and industries (MWMC,
2014). In addition, the Eugene Drinking Water and Wastewater Services, a private company,
services both residential and commercial drinking water and wastewater systems. It generally
serves the greater Eugene and surrounding Lane County areas (Oregon Water Services, Inc.).
Methods
In order to identify Eugene-specific critical infrastructures (CIs) contained in the EWEB
service territory, we referenced the EWEB Service Area Map (see Figure 2 below). With this
service map as our guide, we then used Google Maps to locate specific industries of concern.2
Figure 2: Map of EWEB Service Area (Source: EWEB)
2 The full list of identified CIs is located in the supplementary material. See SM-1, Table 1: Master Critical
Infrastructures List (Sheet: Private Sector).
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In addition, because potential disasters could render bridges and overpasses impassable,
this report separated the areas of Eugene into three main regions. Our reasoning behind this was
to ensure that CIs in each potentially isolated region were identified to facilitate accessibility to
needed resources in all areas of Eugene following a disaster. We used major roads (W 11th Street
and Interstate 5) and rivers (McKenzie and Willamette Rivers) to divide Eugene (see Figure 3).
Figure 3: Map of Separated Regions
Furthermore, we used the Eugene-Springfield Disaster Map (see Figure 4) for the
purpose of understanding the potential structural threat the identified CIs may experience in a
disaster. This disaster map indicates how certain topographical locations within the Eugene-
Springfield area will respond to earthquakes. The map is based on intensity of ground velocity,
with weak intensities having slow ground velocity, and therefore decreased potential for damage,
and violent intensities having rapid ground velocity, corresponding to high damage potential. It
should be noted that all of EWEB’s service area has either a strong or very strong (yellow areas)
intensity rating, with West Eugene having especially large areas of very strong effects (McRae,
2014).
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3
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Figure 4: Cascadia Damage Potential Map (City of Eugene, no date)
Lastly, we randomly choose different CIs representing each sector to contact for
interviews. These interviews were conducted in person at the CIs facility. The purpose of these
interviews was to gain an understanding of what type of energy needs and interest the private
business community has in regard to emergency planning. The interview protocol is located in
Appendix A. The OSU research team was able to interview nine companies representing the
commercial, communications, energy, financial services, and healthcare sectors.
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Findings: Interviews
In this section, we highlight the general sentiments and themes that emerged from our
interviews with nine Eugene-based private CI businesses.
Back-up Energy System Within Eugene
All the individual CIs we interviewed overwhelmingly agreed that there is a need for a
backup energy system within Eugene. Furthermore, a majority of CIs believe that developing a
back-up power generation system should begin now. There was one CI, however, that did not
believe there is an immediate need because the potential for a large-scale natural disaster has, in
their opinion, been overblown. Nevertheless, a majority of the CIs indicated that they are
interested in first having a discussion with EWEB about being a part of this system and
potentially connecting to a local power supply to maintain their critical services. However, their
willingness to pay an additional amount now for this connection with the understanding that after
a disaster the company will have priority in the power supply to maintain services to the
community would largely be based on the initial connection costs and paybacks.
Current Status of Power Systems and Needs
Four CIs indicated that they currently supplement their electricity supply with onsite solar
panel energy generation. A major barrier expressed by CIs that do not employ alternative energy
was having to lease rather than own their property.
There are three CIs that are able to run their operations without power from EWEB, and
all employ diesel generators. The longest any CI can run emergency back-up generation is at
most one week. Of the five CIs that do not have their own back-up power supply, only one was
considering the installation of emergency generation. Barriers to installing back-up generation
include leasing of the building and certain business practices. For example, one CI indicated that
their data center is housed outside of Eugene and their customer information is on a database.
Therefore, the physical building is not as important as other assets.
When asked how EWEB could help meet the CIs’ power needs and upgrades, the general
preference was to initially engage in an open discussion with EWEB. Other comments involved
needing help with power storage for onsite generation. In addition, one suggested that EWEB
have a conversation with commercial landowners to help diminish barriers to tenants looking to
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increase energy efficiency and resiliency in their office space. Reducing these tenant barriers
could prove to be especially important if the tenant provides critical services.
Lastly, a total of six CIs had in place disaster readiness plans, ranging from renting a
generator when needed to having a very extensive plan and already purchased provisions. For
example, one CI’s extensive plan entailed working with the city of Eugene to develop a plan and
practicing disaster scenarios with staff. Interestingly, a few CIs commented that merely talking to
the OSU team sparked a desire to have their own in-house conversation about preparedness and
planning.
Partnerships with EWEB
The majority of CIs are willing to have a discussion with EWEB about how they could
contribute to the production of electricity that could be added to a Eugene-based power
generation supply. However, most expressed their hesitancy if the partnership involves major
investments. The OSU team believes that the idea of what investments may be needed should be
fleshed out by EWEB. Only one CI flat out said no to any partnership where they would help
produce power. Circumstances that did not allow some CIs to engage in a power production
partnership involved being leasing tenants or a part of a franchise. For instance, one CI noted that
as an individual storeowner he would be willing to help. However, as part of a franchised
company he's not able to make an actionable decision. In addition, other CIs that were not able to
provide power were more than happy to brainstorm others ways to partner. For instance, one CI
noted they cannot help produce power, but could provide commercial services after a disaster.
Part 1 Conclusion
Based on the information learned through interviewing nine companies representing
several CI sectors, we can say that there is interest in EWEB’s feasibility study and a general
sentiment of a need for a community-generated power system. Overall, we found a general
eagerness on part of the CIs to engage EWEB in a more in-depth discussion about potential
public-private energy resiliency partnerships. Nevertheless, major reservations many CIs had
centered on EWEB potentially requiring investments from the CIs and the amount of costs and
benefits they would incur in being a part of this project.
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Further, some of the CIs have thought about and have acted to prepare themselves in the
event of having to remain off the grid due to a disaster. However, even the most prepared CIs can
only maintain power-dependent operations for at most a week. Furthermore, a significant item
missing from most CIs disaster preparedness arsenal is the capacity to store energy. Even the CIs
that produce their own alternative power have back-up diesel generators. Besides low storage
capacity for onsite generation, barriers to installing alternative power generation were also
discovered. If EWEB could assist in reducing these barriers and provide ways for CIs to store
power, these actions can help pave the way for more companies to have the ability to join a
community-generated power system and maintain critical operations during a disaster.
PART 2: EUGENE’S ORGANIC WASTE STREAM
In the Starrett at el. (2015) report to EWEB, the authors explain that waste-to-energy
(WTE, or Energy-from-Waste) is the process of diverting solid waste from landfills and
composting facilities in order to be used to produce energy. Energy from organic waste is
primarily produced from direct combustion or through a transitional stage of gasification through
anaerobic digestion. The feedstock (raw material to supply or fuel a machine or industrial
process) used in both energy production methods is typically supplied from local areas (Starrett
at el., 2015).
For this portion of the project, the OSU team investigated the composition of organic
waste feedstock and tonnage available in the Eugene area. This investigation served as a means
to evaluate the potential development of a WTE generation system using organic waste
feedstock, which could theoretically be used to supplement power to a Eugene-based electricity
generation.3 To gain a better understanding of the organic waste stream, the team interviewed
several industries that make up the waste management sector. 4 These industries include waste
3 Organic waste is material that is biodegradable and comes from either a plant or animal. Organic waste is usually
broken down by other organisms over time and may also be referred to as wet waste. Most of the time, it is made up
of vegetable and fruit debris, paper, and/or animal byproducts. Municipal organic waste primarily comes from forest
products, agriculturally processes (plants from farm, manure), non-treated wood debris, and food products from
households and retail industry (Kumar, S. & Bharti, A., 2012) 4 Interview protocols for both Haulers and Processors are located in Appendix B. Detailed information about each
company OSU researched is located in supplementary material SM 2 – Table 2: Specific Information on Interviewed
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haulers, waste sorters, waste processors, and governmental officials. The goal of Part 2’s are to
understand the waste management sector and organic waste market within Eugene and the
surrounding areas, learn about the WTE facilities active in the Eugene area, and identify
underutilized organic waste streams.
Eugene’s Waste Management Sector Eugene has an open waste management market; which means haulers, sorter, and waste
processors may compete with each other for customer service and these industries can service
anywhere in Eugene barring certain regulations.5 The City regulates all solid waste, recycling,
and organic waste industries within the city limits. These regulations also extend to developing
standards and setting rates for collection services (Wisth, 2016). What follows is a synopsis of
the organic waste industries within the Eugene-Springfield area.
Waste Haulers
There are several private hauling companies within Eugene and the surrounding Eugene-
Springfield area that service both residential and commercial waste producing customers. The
primary function of these haulers is to transport waste from designated areas (households,
businesses, and drop box locations) to either a waste sorter or waste processor. In accordance
with the Oregon’s Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) regulations concerning waste,
most waste picked up by haulers is already source-separated material (DEQ, no date).6 Currently,
close to 65% of the entire Lane County waste stream is serviced by private haulers, with the
remaining 35% being hauled by county residents or commercial self-haulers. In addition,
approximately 30% of all county waste is diverted by private haulers (R3 Consulting Group,
2016).
Waste Management Industries. Transcribed interviews are located in supplementary material SM 4: Transcribed
Waste Processor Interviews.
5 Some companies operate in multiple industries. For example, a waste hauling company may also own its own
sorting facility. Royal Refuse Services in Eugene is one of these businesses. 6 Source separation refers to separating materials by type (i.e. recyclables, compostable, trash) at the point of
disposal.
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Because it is vital for the organic feedstock used within a Eugene-based WTE generation
system to be in close proximity to EWEB’s service district, we are particularly interested in any
hauler, regardless of their service area, who brings in or takes out organic waste materials within
the Eugene area. We identified seven private haulers that service the Eugene-Springfield area.
1. Sanipac
2. Lane Apex
3. Royal Refuse
4. Sequential Biofuels
5. Cottage Grove
6. Lane Forest Products (also a processor
7. City of Eugene (residential leaf hauler)
Based on our interviews with the above haulers, Sanipac, Lane Apex, Royal Refuse are
the primary haulers of commercial food waste and yard debris, and here Sanipac controls 75% of
the market (Wisth, 2016). Lane Forest Products, City of Eugene, and to a lesser extent Cottage
Grove predominantly hauls yard debris and landscaping debris. Sequential Biofuels focuses on
hauling fats, oils, and grease (FOG). In combination, these haulers report that on average they
transport 117,540 tons per year of source separated organic waste consisting of commercial food
waste, commercial and residential yard/landscape debris, agricultural manure, and wood
construction materials. The majority of this tonnage is yard debris and construction waste.7
Waste Sorters
Even though there are some haulers that are based outside of the city of Eugene, waste
sorters, or material recovery facilities (MRF- pronounced murf), have been commonly found to
be located within Eugene. These MRFs act as an intermediary stage in the life cycle of organic
waste.8 These MRFs separate out materials that can be readily sold to different processors or
7 Sequential Biofuels not included in calculation due to only providing information on already processed/finished
product of liquid weight.
8 Life cycle in this report refers to the process that begins at the starting point of waste disposal and finishes at the
end point of waste processing.
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straight to the market. Typically these processors are scrap metal yards, compost facilities, WTE
facilities, or the construction and demolition debris industry. These Eugene MRFs only service
commercial construction companies and commercial haulers that transport construction
materials. Therefore, most of the material that is brought to these MRFs is semi-sorted. Once the
MRFs separate out the organic material, they haul the material to an organic waste processor or
sell directly. We have identified two main MRFs within the Eugene area.
1. McKenzie Recycling: McKenzie Recycling receives construction and demolition (C&D)
waste from Royal Refuse Services.9 McKenzie receives approximately 40 tons of C&D per
year. The organic construction and yard waste is sorted and hauled to Land Forest Products,
where it is further processed. This company is located at 110 Cleveland Street, Eugene,
Oregon.
2. Ecosort: Ecosort receives C&D waste, wood, and trees from Sanipac and private construction
companies. Ecosort receives about 6,570 tons of C&D per year. It sorts out the organics from
the waste and hauls it to Lane Forest products for processing. Their sorting facility is located
at 3425 East 17th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon.
Waste Processors
Waste processor is a very broad term. A processor can be considered a landfill,
incinerator, compost facility, or recycling facility. Within our research scope, we concentrate on
processors that work with organic material. This would entail compost facilities, WTE facilities,
and landfills. Moreover, we use the term processor within this report to mean any industrial unit
that processes organic waste material to be ready to be sold on the market and/or utilized by the
processor.10 The Eugene-Springfield area has four main processors:
9 Royal Refuse Services owns McKenzie Recycling. 10 This can include direct or indirect sales of compost or ground cover to commercial and residential customers. It
can also include using organic waste to provide the processor’s energy needs. For instance, methane produced from
the breakdown of organic material in landfills may be used to produce energy (see Lane Co. Emerald People’s
Utility District http://www.epud.org/about/power-resources/short-mountain-landfill-gas/).
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1. Rexius: This is Lane County’s principal organic waste processor. Rexius is a compost facility
that receives material from Sanipac, Lane Apex Disposal, Royal Refuse Services, and the
City of Eugene Bloomberg Park leaf composting facility. It is the only composting facility
within the area that is DEQ licensed to process food waste. The organic stream Rexius
receives is a combination of commercial food waste, yard and landscaping debris. The
primary market Rexius works in involves selling their compost directly to the general public
and to local retailers. It has a partnership with the city of Eugene in the Love Food Not Waste
Program to process Eugene commercial food waste.11 At this time, Eugene only has a system
in place to source separate commercial food waste not residential food. The compost facility
is located at 92574 N. Coburg Road, Coburg, Oregon.
2. Lane Forest Products (processing plant is JC composting Yard): Lane Forest products is a
multi-facility company that both hauls and processes organic waste. It is the main processor
in the Eugene area for all organic non-food material. This material includes agricultural
waste, wood, manure, yard waste, landscape waste, and construction waste. The company
receives the waste from different companies and then processes it into different products
such as wood fiber, hog fuel, soil, and mulch compost. The majority of the material comes
from the City of Eugene Bloomberg Park leaf composting facility, Junction City residential
yard debris program, Ecosort, and McKenzie Recycling. The processing is done at their
facility located at 92744 State Highway 99 North, Junction City, Oregon.
3. Short Mountain Landfill: Short Mountain is Lane County's only municipal solid waste
landfill. Waste that is not source separated or sent to a MRF is hauled to the Short Mountain
Landfill. If a Lane county resident hauls their own waste, they have the option to drop off
pre-separated recyclables no charge at any of the county’s 16 transfer stations, which are
shown in Figure 5.12 This can help reduce the resident’s tipping fee, which is the cost levied
upon a given quantity of waste received at a waste processing facility. Based on our
conversation with Lane County’s Waste Management Division Manager, Daniel Hurley
(2016), Lane County does not track landfill bound material from where it originated. Lane
11 Love Food Not Waste Program, https://www.eugene-or.gov/759/Commercial-Food-Waste-Collection. 12 Further information on Waste Disposal & Recycling Sites can be found at
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APPENDICES
Appendix A: CI Interview Protocol
OSU EWEB CI Project: Interview Protocol Interviewee/Contact Info
Company Name
CI Sector
Interview Date
OSU Interviewer
The OSU team will introduce themselves and explain the EWEB project: Hello , my name is ----- and I am a graduate student at Oregon State University. I am part of a research group collaborating with the Eugene Water and Electric Board (EWEB). OSU is helping EWEB explore potential ways to foster community planning in order to better respond to and recover from a disaster that could disable the main power supply within the EWEB service territory. Your business provides a critical service that will be important to the community in the event of an emergency, and maintaining electric power to your business is critical to ensuring that you can continue to provide services. The purpose of this interview is to gain an understanding of what type of energy needs and interest the business community has in regard to emergency planning. EWEB believes that developing a local energy supply for organizations that provide critical services in the community, in partnership with these organizations, would be the best way for Eugene to maintain some level of electricity supply in the event of a disaster.
Interest in Being Connected to Electricity Supply:
1. Do you believe there is a need for a backup energy system within Eugene?
a. How immediate is the need?
2. Are you interested in being connected to a local supply for critical services?
If Yes: Would you be willing to pay an additional amount now for this connection; however
after a potential disaster (no BPA) your business will maintain power. (extra fee: may
help with micro-grid infrastructure) :
3. Do you currently supplement your electricity supply with onsite alternative
energy supplies, such as solar?
If Yes: If No:
1. What type(s)? 1. Are you considering using onsite
alternative energy?
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4. Without a power supply from EWEB, would you be able to run your operations?
If Yes: If No:
1. What type of emergency generation do
you have?
1. Are you considering the
installation of emergency generation?
2. What fuel type does it use? 2. How can EWEB help to meet your
electricity needs?
3. Do you know what your cost would be if
using your backup power?
3. In an emergency situation, can
you reduce how much power your
facility needs by turning non-essential
equipment off?
4. For how long will the back-up power run
your critical operations?
4. Would you like help from EWEB
with efficiency upgrades to your
essential electricity needs? 5. Is a data center part of your critical
operations?
6. What is the power supply needed to
power these critical operations?
7. Are your emergency loads on a separate
(split the distribution) bus?
8. Is your backup power configured in a
way that EWEB could control/access it?
Interest in Contributing to the Critical Infrastructure Supply: 5. Would you be able and willing to produce electricity that could be added to a CI
supply?
If Yes: If No:
1. In what ways would you be able and willing to
contribute?
1. Can you please explain the
circumstances that impact
your ability to be a part of this
effort?
2. What could a potential partnership look like to
you?
3. Would you consider partnering with EWEB,
whereby after a disaster companies that
contribute to the critical energy supply would
assist EWEB in distributing power to critical
organizations (e.g., those providing food or
medical services)?
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General Questions:
6. Do you have a disaster (any type of disaster) plan already in place?
7. What suggestions might you have about adding a backup energy source in Eugene?
8. Are there any CI sector specific questions that can be asked (i.e. Fuel CI- how many gallons do you have on site)?
9. Do you have any other comments that you would like to share?
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Appendix B: Interview protocols for Haulers and Processors
Interview Protocol for Haulers: Hello , my name is ----- and I am a graduate student at Oregon State University. I am part of a research project collaborating with EWEB(Eugene Water & Electric Board) which is looking at resilience to natural disasters within the city of Eugene. We are trying to get a better understanding of the organic waste streams such as (forest, agriculturally (plants from farm, manure), non-treated wood debris, and food products) that are in and surround Eugene. May I ask you some questions about your process? Hauler /Contact info: About them (from internet): Interview Date: Spoke to (role):
1. Main districts of Lane County /Eugene/ Outside of Lane County you service (or do they service all over)?
2. Who supplies your product (residential/commercial)? a. Type of Organic product? b. Quantity (tonnage)?
3. Where do you haul your product to? a. Is this located within the city of Eugene -ask if they do not indicate location? b. Tipping fees? c. Relationship to other companies:
4. Do you have a natural disaster readiness plan? 5. Are you able to power your stations without the main EWEB power supply? 6. Would you be interested in collaborating with EWEB on their micro-grid
community resilience analysis? 7. Have you thought about WTE? 8. Comments:
Interview Protocol Processor
Hello , my name is ----- and I am a graduate student at Oregon State University. I am part of a research group collaborating with the Eugene Water and Electric Board. We are helping EWEB explore potential ways the community can response/recovery from a disaster within the city of Eugene and maintain a potential micro-grid. We are trying to get a better understanding of the organic waste streams such as (forest, agriculturally (plants from farm, manure), non-treated wood debris, and food products) that are in and surround Eugene. May I ask you some questions about your process? Processor/Contact info: About them (via internet): EPA Facility Registry Service (FRS) Detail Report: Interview Date: Spoke to (role):
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1. Main districts of Lane County /Eugene/ Outside of Lane County you service (or do they service all over)?
2. Who supplies your product? a. Type of product? b. Quantity? c. Tipping fees for haulers ? d. Do you haul material yourself to other companies?
a. Do you have a tipping fee? 3. Do you produce your product within Eugene? 4. Do you have a natural disaster readiness plan?
a. Are you able to power your stations without the main EWEB power supply? 5. Would you be interested in collaborating with EWEB on their micro-grid community resilience analysis? 6. Have you thought about WTE? 7. Comments:
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Appendix C: The 2014 Hazard and Climate Vulnerability Assessment Report (Pages 5-7)
O S U P O L I C Y A N A L Y S I S L A B O R A T O R Y – B R I E F S A N D P A P E R S