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An Proposal (under examination) for Improvement of Detached Houses in The Ger Area (an presentation for “HOUSING PROJECT OF THE GER AREA, Replanning and Monitoring Division, OFFICE OF THECAPITAL CITY GOVERNOR”, Aug24,2015) Hiroshi Yatsuo Associate Professor, Tokyo Polytechnic University
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A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

May 15, 2023

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Page 1: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

An  Proposal  (under  examination)  for  Improvement  of  Detached  Houses  in  The  Ger  Area

(an  presentation  for  “HOUSING  PROJECT  OF  THE  GER  AREA,  Replanning  and  Monitoring  Division,  OFFICE  OF  THECAPITAL  CITY  GOVERNOR”,  Aug24,2015)

Hiroshi  Yatsuo  Associate  Professor,  Tokyo  Polytechnic  University  

Page 2: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Expansion  of  Ger  Area+Plot  of  Researched  Houses  in  2013-‐‑‒2014  by  Yatsuo  Lab.

Page 3: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

General  Conditions  of  the  Researched  Detached  Houses  in  2013_̲2014

no.01& no.02& no.03& no.04& no.05& no.06& no.07-1&no.07-2&no.07-3& no.08& no.09& no.10& no.11& no.12& no.13& no.14& no.15& no.16& no.17& no.18& no.19& no.20& no.21& no.22& no.23& no.24& no.25&46.18&& 21.31&& 22.90&& 47.04&& 26.74&& 103.13&& 34.77&& 33.69&& 35.06&& 30.43&& 59.23&& 54.32&& 34.82&& 49.12&& 58.00&& 31.91&& 58.78&& 46.01&& 44.81&& 55.39&& 57.97&& 51.89&& 41.12&& 72.09&& 73.82&& 54.04&& 54.08&&

229.83&& 95.22&& 397.28&&1021.76& 565.68&& 963.30&& 399.61&& 399.61&& 399.61&& 142.03&& 485.93&& 482.55&& 331.18&& 497.42&& 364.93&& 329.89&& 599.61&& 254.48&& 822.18&& 363.49&& 530.97&& 607.67&& 430.58&& 693.17&& 739.10&& 683.26&& 421.52&&

46.18&&21.31&& 22.90&&

47.04&& 26.74&&

103.13&&

34.77&& 33.69&& 35.06&& 30.43&&59.23&& 54.32&& 34.82&& 49.12&& 58.00&&

31.91&&58.78&& 46.01&& 44.81&& 55.39&& 57.97&& 51.89&& 41.12&&

72.09&& 73.82&& 54.04&& 54.08&&

229.83&&

95.22&&

397.28&&

1021.76&&

565.68&&

963.30&&

399.61&& 399.61&& 399.61&&

142.03&&

485.93&& 482.55&&

331.18&&

497.42&&

364.93&&329.89&&

599.61&&

254.48&&

822.18&&

363.49&&

530.97&&

607.67&&

430.58&&

693.17&&739.10&&

683.26&&

421.52&&

0.00&&

200.00&&

400.00&&

600.00&&

800.00&&

1000.00&&

013

no.01& no.02(1& no.02(2& no.02(3& no.03& no.04& no.05& no.06& no.07& no.08& no.09& no.10& no.11& no.12(L& no.12(R&52.88&& 31.60&& 46.13&& 64.36&& 76.09&& 175.11&& 51.13&& 67.74&& 46.13&& 69.66&& 62.54&& 72.39&& 98.70&& 48.58&& 44.58&&

759.85&& 907.12&& 907.12&& 907.12&& 410.11&& 463.16&& 602.27&& 412.53&& 496.42&& 429.38&& 327.38&& 602.78&& 396.22&& 466.61&& 466.61&&

52.88&& 31.60&& 46.13&& 64.36&& 76.09&&

175.11&&

51.13&& 67.74&& 46.13&& 69.66&& 62.54&& 72.39&&98.70&&

48.58&& 44.58&&

759.85&&

907.12&& 907.12&& 907.12&&

410.11&&463.16&&

602.27&&

412.53&&

496.42&&

429.38&&

327.38&&

602.78&&

396.22&&

466.61&& 466.61&&

0.00&&

200.00&&

400.00&&

600.00&&

800.00&&

1000.00&&

2014

Average  Area  of  1  Detached  House・Site  Area          :506.12㎡・Building  Area  :54.91㎡・Total  Floor  Area:71.21㎡・Building  Coverage  Ratio:13.76%・Floor  Area  Ratio:16.78%

Page 4: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

No.01_13

No.04・05_13No.06_13

No.10_13

No.13_13

No.16_13

No.21_13

No.02_13 No.03_13

No.07_13 No.08_13

No.11_13 No.12_13

No.14_13 No.15_13

No.17_13 No.18_13 No.19_13 No.20_13

No.25_13No.22_13 No.23_13 No.24_13

No.09_13

             Actual  Survey  Investigation  Drawing  ーSep.2013  25  Detached  Housesー          

Page 5: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

             Actual  Survey  Investigation  Drawing  ーSep.2014  12  Detached  Housesー      

Page 6: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Interviews  about  Details  of  Houses,  Their  Living  Conditions,  and  their  Life  Style  

Page 7: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

※  Major  subject  matters  of  the  interviews            

1.  Name  of  Heads  of  Household,  Age  and  Occupation  Family  members

2.  About  Conditions  of  Their  Houses  (Baishin  and  Ger,  Site  Conditions)    ・Site  Area、Number  of  Households,  Land  Use,  Animals,    ・Structure  and  Construction  Method,  Builder,  Heating

3.  Place  and  Positions  in  any  Modes  of  Their  Living    ・Family  Gathering,  Sleeping,  Reading  &  Studying,  Talking  with  Guests,      Clothing  and  Making  up,  Cooking,  Daily  Meals

4.  Their  Consciousness  for  Mongolian  Ger  -‐‑‒  Mongolian  Living  Tradition  -‐‑‒      ・Their  thought  about  how  we  should  learn  from  Tradition

5.  Family  Finances    ・Monthly  Income  ・Monthly  Cost  Ratio  (and  Heating  Cost  in  Winter)    ・Purchase  Desire  for  New  House  (Type  and  Price)

6.  Conditions  of  Possession  and  Registration  of  Their  Land  and  Building

7.  Their  Personal  Living    History  from  Birth  

Page 8: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

バイシン

ゲル1 ゲル2

故障車

故障車

故障車 車

トイレ

倉庫

倉庫

隣家

隣家

木柵

0 5 10M N

■Case  1:3Households  living  in  2  Gers(No.11 スフバータル区・敷地面積:331.2m2、建築面積104.0m2)

配置図

アイソメ図

No.011

ウランバートル市居住年数(年) 55

現住所居住期間 1973〜

世帯数 3(2つのゲル)

世帯人数(人) 17

建設方法 セルフビルド

敷地面積(m2) 331.2

建築面積(m2) 103.9

Page 9: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

祖母が一家の中心。この地に住んで40年になる。孫たちは学校へ行かせたい。

Page 10: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

調査住居1 前室(洗濯室)

ゲル内部も不衛生である。土地所有法の存在は2012年に初めて知った。 ベッドに大人2名または大人1名+子供2名で寝る。一部の大人は床に寝ている。

Page 11: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

■Case  2  :  A  House  Land  use  is  Planned  by  Inhabitants(No.23バヤンズルフ区・敷地面積:739.1m2、建築面積92.8m2)

配置図

バイシン

菜園

倉庫

建設資材

石炭庫

トイレ

木柵

道路

倉庫

倉庫

玄関

0 5 10m

アイソメ図

No.023

ウランバートル市居住年数(年) 58

現住所居住期間 1990〜

世帯数 2

世帯人数(人) 5

建設方法 セルフビルド

敷地面積(m2) 739.1

建築面積(m2) 92.8

Page 12: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

バイシン周辺の様子。畑や菜園が営まれ、敷地の緑化比率が高い。外構に計画性が感じられる。  老夫婦は冬季のみ市内のアパートに住む。夏期はバイシンに2世帯居住となる。

Page 13: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

家の北側の菜園

Page 14: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

老父は社会主義時代からの土木エンジニア。ゲル居住経験があり、  ゲルのような天窓があると良いと言う。この家も全て自力で建設した。  この家には息子家族と住むが、冬季はウランバートル中心部のアパートに住む。

Page 15: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

■Case  3:Two  houses  in  suburbs  Khashaa  between  them  was  removed.              Living  conditions  was  improved  by  their  own  ideas.(No.4 チンギルテイ区・敷地面積:1021.8m2、建築面積59.86m2)

配置図

バイシン No.4

菜園

植栽 倉庫

資材置き場 トイレ

木柵 道路

0 5 10m

アイソメ図

No.004 No.005

ウランバートル市居住年数(年) 8 33

現住所居住期間 2005〜 2003〜

世帯数 1 1

世帯人数(人) 4 2

建設方法 大工 セルフビルド

敷地面積(m2) 1021.8 565.7

建築面積(m2) 59.9 46.9

(No.5 同上・敷地面積:565.7m2、建築面積46.9m2)

バイシン No.5

トイレ

植栽

砂場

木柵

Page 16: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

No.4、5住居外観

Page 17: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

No.4住居外観。左から3番目のご主人(職業は医者)は住まいについて考える力のある人。 住居は間取りだけ考え建設は大工に依頼。植物を植え庭を造り(給水は近所の井戸)、豊かに暮らす。

Page 18: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Typology  of  First  Floor  Plan  of  main  living  space  by  the  number  of  space  division,  placement  of  heating,  and  form  of  outline.A)  One  Room(1) B)  2  Spaces(9) C)  3  Spaces(8) D)  4  Spaces(4) E)  L-‐‑‒Form  (2)

Wall,  Wall  with  Door,  Wall  with  Path,  Side  Wall  etc.

:High  Efficiency  Coal  Stove  

:”Pechka”          with  Normal  Stove

A1 B1

B2

B3

C1

C2

C3

E1

E2

D1

1)  Type  of  heating  influence  the  formation  of  planning.  Especially,  “Pechka”  mainly            divides  Living  Space  into  2  Spaces.2)  In  many  case  using  High  Efficiency  Coal  Stove,  space  are  not  divided.3)  Using  Warm  water  circulation-‐‑‒style  heating  increases  the  degree  of  freedom  of  planning.  

Analysis  of  Planning  Typology  of  “Baishin”  

Page 19: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

    Analysis  of  Basic  Plan  Diagram  of  “Baishin”    

大きな部屋

キッチン

玄関

K

08_14

K

02-2_14

In  almost  all  “Baishin”,  planning  is  formed  on  the  basis  of  Standard  Diagram  below    【Entrance(+Storage)-‐‑‒Kitchen­−Big  room】

Simple  Diagram

Variation  of  Diagram

Entrance

Kitchen

Big  room

Entrance

Kitchen

Big  roomBed  room

Big  room

Kitchen

Entrance

Page 20: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

    All  Planning  Diagrams  of  Researched  Houses  in  2013,2014  

K

ゲ 玄

K 大

K

K寝

工房 玄

K

ゲ 倉

K

K

事務 寝

倉 玄

K

ゲ 倉ゲ

K

休 寝

大倉

K

ホール

2階ホール

客2階ホール

ホール洗

K

K

大 くつろぐ部屋

K 洗

1Fの部屋

2Fの部屋

K

洗大

階段

倉 倉

2Fの部屋

K 大

K

大 小運動

K

K

K

K

K大

K

倉ゲ ゲ ゲ 大

玄 玄

K

ゲ固定

大 K

寝 店

K

K大

K 玄

K

K

倉 玄

小 大

K

ゲ 玄

K

ゲ 倉 玄

K 大 寝

寝 K

K

寝 寝倉

K

大 寝

01_13 02_13 04_13 05_13 06_13 07-1_13 07-2_13 07-3_13 08_13 09_13

10_13 11_13 12_13 13_13 14_13 15_13 16_13 17_13 18_13 19_13

20_13 21_13 22_13 23_13 24_13 25_13

01_14 02-1_14 03_14 04_14 05_14 06_14 07_14 08_14

09_14 10_14 11_14 12_14

02-2_14 02-3_14

玄 寝 ゲ

K

:玄関

:キッチン

:大きな部屋

:寝室   小さな部屋

:倉庫/車庫

:洗面、 その他

:客間

:ゲル

:2階 :ゲル住まい

:無し :ドアあり :ドア無し :段差 :階段:2013 年のみ調査 :2013 年調査住居再調査 :2014 年調査住居

K

図 2-9 全ダイアグラム図

K 大

玄 倉

K大

Page 21: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

In  Ger  Area,  Gers  are  used  as  convenient  Tools  to  correspond  to  the  change  of  inhabitantsʼ’  life.They  are  used  as  temporary  house  before  independence  of  sons,  as  place  for  praying,  as  factory,  etc….

Ger  is    popular,  perfect  house  for  Mongolian,  and  most  suitable  for  immigration.  But    in  settlement  style  in  urban  environment,  the  role  of  Ger  has  changed  from  “for  immigration”  to  “for  convenient  tool  to  supplement  their  lives”.    

Ger  for  the  use  of  “Factory”

Gers  as  convenient  Tools  to  correspond  to  the  change  of  inhabitantsʼ’  life    

Construction  of  Ger  for  the  use  of  “Praying” Ger  for  other  Family  (sometimes  for  rent)

Page 22: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Urban  problems  of  Ger  Areafrom  The  View  Point  of  Detached  Houses  and  the  Community

1  )Serious  Air  Pollution                      ←  Smoke  from  Many  Low  Quality  Detached  Houses  

2  )Serious  Soil  Pollution                        ←  Garbage  and  Excretions  from  Almost  All  Detached  Houses  

3  )No  System  for  Development  of      Community    

  ←  Closed  Detached  Houses  Surrounded  with  high  and  closed  Khashaa  

Page 23: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

 Problems  of  Living  Conditions  in  Almost  All  Detached  Houses  (Baishin)  in  Ger  Area

1  )Invasion  of  Coldness  and            Excessive  Combustion  of  Stoves                ←  Usage  of  Unsuitable  Stoves  and    Insufficiency  of  Insulation              of  Low  Quality  Detached  Houses  

2-‐‑‒1  )Many  Problems  of  Outer  Toilet              ←  in  Almost  All  Detached  Houses2-‐‑‒2  )Insanitary  and  Dusty  Living  Space  ←  No  Place  for  “Shoes  Off”  and  Outer  Toilet  in  Almost  All  Detached  Houses  

3  )Site  Condition  with  Quite  Dusty      -‐‑‒  and-‐‑‒    Low  Natural  Environment  ←  No  Planning  of  Land  Use  of  Their  Sitein  high  and  closed  Khashaa  

Page 24: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Urban  problems  of  Ger  Area

(in  the  View  Pointe  of  Detached  Houses)  

1  )Serious  Air  Pollution              ←  Smoke  from  Many  

Law  Quality  Detached  Houses  

2  )Serious  Soil  Pollution            ←  Garbage  and  Excretions  from  

Almost  All  Detached  Houses  

3  )No  System  for  Development            of  Community      ←  Closed  Detached  Houses  Surrounded

  with  high  and  closed  Khashaa  

 Problems  Of  Detached  Houses  (Baishin)

1  )Invasion  of  Coldness  and            Excessive  Combustion  of  Stoves      ←  Usage  of  Unsuitable  Stoves  and  Insufficiency  of        Insulation  of  Law  Quality  Detached  Houses  

2-‐‑‒1  )Many  Problems  of  Outer  Toilet  ←  in  Almost  All  Detached  Houses2-‐‑‒2  )Insanitary  and  Dusty  Living  Space  ←  No  Place  for  “Shoes  Off”  and  Outer  Toilet  in  

Almost  All  Detached  Houses  

3  )Site  Condition  with  Quite  Dusty      -‐‑‒  and-‐‑‒    Low  Natural  Environment  ←  No  Planning  of  Land  Use  of  Their  Site

in  high  and  closed  Khashaa  

 Problems  are  Two  Sides  of  The  Same  Coin

Page 25: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

   So  It  is  necessary  to  support  inhabitants  to      improve  their  own  detached  houses,  

especially  to  support  self-‐‑‒build  construction.  

Page 26: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Focus  Point  1  :  High  Self-‐‑‒Build  Rate  of  Detached  Houses

An  inhabitant  reforming  the  Interior  of  his  own  house  

Constructor  of  “Baishin”  in  50  Researched  Houses

Over  80%  of  inhabitants  construct  their  own  detached  houses  by  themselves.  

28  Houses  of  31  was  Built  withoutSpecialized  Knowledge  about  House  Construction

It  is  necessary  to  improve  the  “standard”  of  self-‐‑‒build  houses  for  the  improvement  of  living  environment  of  the  Ger  Area.  

Page 27: A Proposal for the Improvement of Detached Houses and Living Environment in Ger Area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Focus  Point  2  :  Insufficient  Insulation  of  “Baishin”

Almost  all  “Baishin”  have  insufficient  Insulation.Especially,  in  Roof  and  Floor.

It  is  necessary  to  provide  right  knowledge  about  insulation  for  the  improvement  of  living  environment  of  the  Ger  Area.  

In  many  houses,  Roof  insulation  is  constructed  with  wrong  knowledge.  

Almost  all  houses  have  no  Floor  insulation.

Lack  of  knowledge  about  House  Construction  causes  the  excessive  energy  consumption  of  many  houses  and  increase  of  the  smoke.

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Focus  Point  3  :  Dusty  Interior  Living  Space

 Interior  Living  Space  of  many  “Baishin”  are  dusty  and  uncomfortable  because  of    no  fixed  “Shoes-‐‑‒Off”  place,  outer  placement  of  toilet,  and  central  placement  of  stoves.

It  is  necessary  to  fix  custom  to  make  “Shoes-‐‑‒Off”  place,  to  place  Stove  out  of  living  space,  and  make  toilet  in  the  house    

Almost  all  houses  have  1)no  “Shoes-‐‑‒Off”  Place2)  the  placement  of        Stove  is  center  of          Living  Space.3)Toilet  is  out  of  House

In  this  case,  Inhabitants  donʼ’t  take  off  their  shoes  in  Kitchen.    

EntranceStorage

Kitchen

Big  Room

Big  Room Kitchen

Bedroom

Toilet

Hall Entrance

Facility  room&  Storage

Quite  rare  case  with  many  ideas  1)  “Shoes-‐‑‒Off”  Place  is  fixed2)  the  placement  of  Stove  is  out  of          Living  Space3)Toilet  is  in  the  House

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 Stove  Placement                                          

In  almost  houses,  stove  is  placed  around  the  center  of  main  living  space.  In  many  of  those  cases,  inhabitants  donʼ’t  take  off  shoes  in  kitchen,  and  Interior  is  dusty.

In  some  amount  of  houses,  inhabitants  use  hot  water  circulation  system,  and  the  placement  of  stove  is  in  entrance  zone,  outside  of  the  main  living  space.  In  those  case,  floor  of  Kitchen  is  clean  and  living  space  is  much  more  comfortable.

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 Toilet  Placement                                            In  almost  houses,  inhabitants  place  their  toilet  outside  of  houses,  and  the  hut  of  toilet  is  out  of  maintenance.In  our  interviews,  almost  all  inhabitants  have  many  grievances  against  their  toilet.  And  all  of  them  strongly  hope  they  can  place  toilet  in  their  “Baishin”,  if  drainage  could  function  properly.

In  rare  cases,  inhabitants  make  their  toilet  clean  and  comfortable  (left).

Quite  a  few  inhabitants  place  toilet  in  “baishin”(right).  One  of  them  had  knowledge  about  drainage,  and  two  of  them  was  drainage  mechanic.

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Focus  Point  4  :  Habitual  Practice  of  Planning  Land  Use  &  Gardening

 In  some  houses,  inhabitants  make  their  own  Garden  or  Field,  raising  trees,  and  improve  their  own  outer  space  surrounding  their  houses.It  is  possible  for  them  to  improve  their  own  living  conditions  if  custom  of  garden  making  is  spread  and  fixed  in  Ger  Area.  

It  is  necessary  to  spread  custom  to  make  gardens  and  think  about  land  use,  and  to  provide  various  “Khashaa”  with  the  structure  of  

community  formation

In  some  houses  inhabitants  plans  land  use  of  their  site,  and  make  gardens  and  field.

In  Ger  Area,  there  are  many  inhabitants  who  enjoy  Gardening  inside  and  outside  of  their  house.

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This  movie  shows  change  of  consciousness  of  inhabitants  about  the  border  of  their  houses.  In  this  case,  the  open  border  fence  induce  inhabitants  to  make  gardens,  clean  exterior  of  their  houses,  and  not  to  drop  garbage  on  the  outside  of  houses.  In  our  interview,  they  talk  about  their  satisfaction  because  of  improvement,  increase  of  nature,  and  relief,  of  their  living  condition.  (in  the  district  of  Project  for  Improvement  of  Road  and  Fence)      

 Border  of  Houses                                          

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Focus  Point  5  :  No  natural  Landscape  in  crowded  Ger  Area

 In  crowded  Ger  Area,  the  top  of  hills  are  covered  with  houses.  In  those  area,  we  cannot  feel  nature.  We  think  the  most  symbolic  icon  of  Mongolian  nature  is  “The  Ground”;  field  of  grass  and  gentle  hill.  So,  we  think  that  only  the  hilltop  should  show  a  grassy  plain  without  being  covered  by  houses.  

It  is  necessary  to  keep  hilltops  of  Ger  Area  not  covered  with  houses,  but  with  grasses,  trees,  and  nature.

They  should  become  iconic    natural  garden  for  inhabitants.

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Strategy  1  :  Practical  Education  Program  

to  Provide  Knowledge  of  House  Construction

 1)  Distribution  of  Simple  and  Easy  Manual  about  “  How  to  Build  Houses”  which  contains  basic  knowledge  about  House  Construction,    to  All  Inhabitants  of  Ger  Area  .

 2)      Practical  Education  Program  about  House  Construction,  which  contains  Training  Course  in  High  School  or  Junior  High  School

It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  to  diffuse  knowledge  about  House  Construction  to  all  of  Ger  Area  inhabitants.

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Strategy  2  :  Changing  Common  Practice  Program  to  Modernize  the  Living  of  Ger  Area

 1)  Outer  toilet  is  only  inconvenient  and  make  soils  dirty.So,  inner  toilet  should  become  common  practice.

 2)  Hot  water  circulation  system  is  better  in  various  coal  heating  systems  to  improve  living  conditions  in  Ger  Area.  So,  it  is  important  to  fix  common  practice  to  use  above  system.

 3)  “Shoes-‐‑‒Off”  place  should  be  built  in  each  house  in  Ger  Area.

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Strategy  2-‐‑‒2  :  Changing  Common  Practice  Program  to  Modernize  the  Living  of  Ger  Area

 4)  Various  new  types  of  boundary  fence  should  be  sold      in  the  market.  Especially,  Semi-‐‑‒Open  fence,  Fence  which  has  some  setback  space  to  plant  trees  or  flowers,and  contribute  to  formation  of  community  and  giving  nature  to  the  public  road.  →

   i)  Building  case  study  houses,  and  advertisementii)    Public  support  to  strengthen  excretion  gathering  iii)  Foundation  of  the  subsidy  to  facility  construction  to            make  toilet  insideiv)  Product  Development  of  inner  toilet,  and  boundary          fence

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Strategy  3:    Encourage  Garden  Making  Program  

to  provide  nature  to  Ger  Area    Many  of  inhabitants  in  Ger  Area  love  potted  plant.Those  taste  to  love  nature  is  very  important  for  the  improvement  of  living  conditions  of  Ger  Area.  

     Hobbies  of  Garden  Making  should  become  more  popular.→

   i)  Building  case  study  houses        with  gardens,  and        advertisementii)  Reinforcement  of  Public        water  supply      (with  Rain  Water  Using  Devices,  etc…)  .

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Strategy  4:    Tree  Planting  for  Roadside  Program

Public  Natural  Gardens  on  Hilltops  ProgramIn  Ger  Area,  there  is  no  nature  on  road  as  the  one  andonly  public  space.  There  should  be  place  for  nature  (trees,  flowers)  in  some  spaces  of  the  roads.  If  Every  hilltop  of  Ger  Area  will  covered  with  nature,  will  made  as  Natural  Gardens  of  Inhabitants,  Green  network  will  formed  and  the  living  condition  will  be  remarkably  improved.→

i)   Prohibition  to  build  houses  on  the      hilltop  areaii)  Planting  of  trees  and    flowers  on      roadsides  (public  or  by  community)  

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Strategy  5:    Development  of  Semi-‐‑‒Self-‐‑‒Build  House  

Basic  Units  to  provide  basic  &Standard  living  facility(made  with  concrete  blocks  like  “REGO”,  easy  to  construct)

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Strategy  5:    Development  of  Semi-‐‑‒Self-‐‑‒Build  House  

Inhabitants  can  build  their  “own”  houses  to  use  those  units,  and  they  self-‐‑‒build  part  of  the  house.