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A Prophecy Against Egypt

Ezekiel 29:1-21



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Text:

Ezekiel 29:1-21,

1. In the tenth year, in the tenth month, on the twelfth day of

the month, the word of the Lord came to me:

2. “Son of man, turn toward Pharaoh king of Egypt, and

prophesy against him and against all Egypt.

3. Tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: “‘Look, I

am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt, the great monster

lying in the midst of its waterways, who has said, “My Nile is

my own, I made it for myself.”

4. I will put hooks in your jaws and stick the fish of your

waterways to your scales. I will haul you up from the midst

of your waterways, and all the fish of your waterways will

stick to your scales.

5. I will leave you in the wilderness, you and all the fish of

your waterways; you will fall in the open field and will not

be gathered up or collected. I have given you as food to the

beasts of the earth and the birds of the skies.

6. Then all those living in Egypt will know that I am the

Lord because they were a reed staff for the house of Israel;

7. when they grasped you with their hand, you broke and

tore their shoulders, and when they leaned on you, you

splintered and caused their legs to be unsteady.

8. “‘Therefore, this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I

am about to bring a sword against you, and I will kill every

person and every animal.



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9. The land of Egypt will become a desolate ruin. Then they

will know that I am the Lord. Because he said, “The Nile is

mine and I made it,”

10. I am against you and your waterways. I will turn the

land of Egypt into an utter desolate ruin from Migdol to

Syene, as far as the border with Ethiopia.

11. No human foot will pass through it, and no animal’s foot

will pass through it; it will be uninhabited for forty years.

12. I will turn the land of Egypt into a desolation in the

midst of desolate lands; for forty years her cities will lie

desolate in the midst of ruined cities. I will scatter Egypt

among the nations and disperse them among foreign

countries.

13. “‘For this is what the sovereign Lord says: At the end of

forty years I will gather Egypt from the peoples where they

were scattered.

14. I will restore the fortunes of Egypt, and will bring them

back to the land of Pathos, to the land of their origin; there

they will be an insignificant kingdom.

15. It will be the most insignificant of the kingdoms; it will

never again exalt itself over the nations. I will make them so

small that they will not rule over the nations.

16. It will never again be Israel’s source of confidence, but a

reminder of how they sinned by turning to Egypt for help.

Then they will know that I am the sovereign Lord.’”

17. In the twenty-seventh year, in the first month, on the first

day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me:

18. “Son of man, King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon made his

army labor hard against Tyre. Every head was rubbed bald

and every shoulder rubbed bare; yet he and his army



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received no wages from Tyre for the work he carried out

against it.

19. Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I

am about to give the land of Egypt to King Nebuchadnezzar

of Babylon. He will carry off her wealth, capture her loot,

and seize her plunder; it will be his army’s wages.

20. I have given him the land of Egypt as his compensation

for attacking Tyre, because they did it for me, declares the

sovereign Lord.

21. On that day I will make Israel powerful, and I will give

you the right to be heard among them. Then they will know

that I am the Lord.” (NET)

Introduction:

I. It would appear that Ezekiel spoke against everybody in sight

including:

A. Israel, Judah and Jerusalem, . . .

B. False prophets, . . .

C. Babylon, . . .

D. Ammon, . . .

E. Moab, . . .

F. Edom, . . .

G. Philistia, . . .



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H. Tyre, . . .

I. Sidon, . . .

J. Egypt, . . .

K. et. al. !

L. Against whom and why would Ezekiel speak were he

living today?

II. Ezekiel 29:1-32:32 contains seven oracles regarding Egypt

each one beginning with the phrase, “The word of the Lord

came to me, saying.” (See Smith.)

A. These oracles are not arranged in chronological order,

the second actually being the last. (See Smith.)

1. These oracles can be dated between the tenth and

twenty-seventh years of the exile, between January

587 B.C. and April, 571 B.C. (See Smith.)

2. All of the oracles are dated as to the time God

delivered them to Ezekiel except for the third oracle.

(Ezekiel 30:1-19) (Fredenburg).

B. Coffman and Fredenburg notes that the seven oracles

pertaining to Egypt are referenced as follows:

1. Ezekiel 29:1-16



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2. Ezekiel 29: 17-21

3. Ezekiel 30:1-19

4. Ezekiel 30:20-26

5. Ezekiel 31:1-18

6. Ezekiel 32:1-16

7. Ezekiel 32:17-32

III. Smith outlined Ezekiel 29-32 as follows:

A. The future of Egypt (Ezekiel 29:1-16).

B. The judgment of Egypt (Ezekiel 29:17-30:10).

C. The fall of Egypt (Ezekiel 30:20-31:18).

D. The lament for Egypt (32:1-32).

IV. Coffman wrote that Ezekiel 29 naturally falls into five

divisions; viz., . . .

1. the crocodile captured and destroyed (verses 1-7), ...

2. the allegory applied (verses 8-12), . . .

3. the restoration of Egypt after forty years (verses 13-

16, . . .



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4. Egypt awarded to Nebuchadnezzar as ‘wages’ for

his ruin of Tyre (verses 17-20), and . . .

5. a glimpse of a New Age for Israel.

V. The oracles pertaining to Egypt are precisely dated except for

one. (See The Pulpit Commentary.)

A. Ezekiel 29:1, 17, In the tenth year, in the tenth

month, on the twelfth day of the month, the word of the

Lord came to me: In the twenty-seventh year, in the

first month, on the first day of the month, the word of

the Lord came to me: (NET)

B. Ezekiel 30:20, In the eleventh year, in the first

month, on the seventh day of the month, the word of the

Lord came to me: (NET)

C. Ezekiel 31:1, In the eleventh year, in the third month,

on the first day of the month, the word of the Lord

came to me: (NET)

D. Ezekiel 32:1, 7, In the twelfth year, in the twelfth

month, on the first of the month, the word of the Lord

came to me: When I extinguish you, I will cover the sky;

I will darken its stars. I will cover the sun with a cloud,

and the moon will not shine. (NET)



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Commentary:


Ezekiel 29:1, In the tenth year, in the tenth month, on the

twelfth day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me:

(NET)

I. In the tenth year, in the tenth month, on the twelfth day, the

word of the Lord came to me: . . .

A. “This oracle came to Ezekiel on a Monday (Clarke),

January 7, 587 BCE, a few days after Jerusalem fell under

Babylonian siege,” Coffman, Fredenburg and Hamilton

wrote, while Smith stated, “The first Egyptian oracle is

dated to Jehoiachin’s tenth year of exile, the tenth month

and the twelfth day of the month. This equates to January

7, 586 B.C. on the present calendar. The Babylonian siege

of Jerusalem had been underway for one year. Fredenburg

wrote, “Nebuchadnezzar began his siege of Jerusalem just

two days earlier.”

B. “This was about the time when Pharaoh Hophra’s

approach toward Jerusalem with an army caused

Nebuchadnezzar temporarily to lift his siege of Jerusalem,”

Coffman wrote.

1. Jeremiah 37:5, At that time the Babylonian

forces had temporarily given up their siege against

Jerusalem. They had had it under siege, but



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withdrew when they heard that the army of

Pharaoh had set out from Egypt.) (NET)

C. This oracle came to Ezekiel in the tenth year of the reign

of Zedekiah and the tenth year of the captivity of Jeconiah,

Clarke noted, and one year before the fall of Jerusalem.

Ezekiel 29:2, “Son of man, turn toward Pharaoh king of

Egypt, and prophesy against him and against all Egypt.

(NET)

I. “Son of man, . . .

A. Ezekiel was altogether human, mortal and subject to all

the characteristics of humans.

II. set your face against Pharaoh king of Egypt and prophecy

against him and against all Egypt.

A. During the last days of Jerusalem’s existence before

being destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, Jerusalem’s last

human hope of avoiding destruction by Babylon was to

secure significant assistance from Egypt. (Smith)

1. Zedekiah tried to get Egypt to enter the war on

Jerusalem’s side.

2. Zedekiah trusted in Egypt when he should have

trusted in God. (See Smith.)



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B. Ezekiel was told to declare God’s hostility toward Egypt

and its Pharaoh. (Smith)

1. Jeremiah 46:25-26, The Lord God of Israel who

rules over all says, “I will punish Amon, the god of

Thebes. I will punish Egypt, its gods, and its kings.

I will punish Pharaoh and all who trust in him. I

will hand them over to Nebuchadnezzar and his

troops, who want to kill them. But later on, people

will live in Egypt again as they did in former times.

I, the Lord, affirm it!” (NET)

C. Fredenburg gives an excellent accounting of Israel’s

contacts with Egypt, highlights of which follow:

1. Israel (Jacob and his family) journeyed to Egypt to

escape a famine, received protection from Joseph and,

years later, were delivered from Egyptian captivity

under the leadership of Moses.

2. Solomon forged a weak alliance with Egypt, but

Pharaoh Shishak raided the temple treasury in circa

925 B.C. during Rehoboam’s reign.

a. 1 Kings 14:25-26, In King Rehoboam’s fifth

year, King Shishak of Egypt attacked

Jerusalem. 26 He took away the treasures of

the Lord’s temple and of the royal palace; he

took everything, including all the golden

shields that Solomon had made. (NET)



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3. In the late seventh century B.C., Pharaoh Necho II

formed an alliance with Assyria and did battle with the

Babylonians in 609 B.C., but the Assyrian-Egyptian

forces were defeated due largely to the intervention of

King Josiah of Judah. Pharaoh Necho retaliated and

made Judah an Egyptian vassal state.

4. Babylon gained control of the eastern

Mediterranean region, but Egypt “still maintained a

troublesome presence for Babylon.” Zedekiah formed

an alliance with Egypt to oppose Babylon. Pharaoh

Psammetichus II (595-589 B.C.) and his successor

Pharaoh Hophra (589-570 B.C.), especially Pharaoh

Hophra, were the Egyptian rulers at the time. When

the time came to do battle with Babylon, Egypt did not

defend Judah and Jerusalem with their whole heart,

full determination and their force. To say the least,

Judah did not look with favor on this lack of full

support from its Egyptian ally.

D. McGee observed that the ancient nation of Egypt was

protected by deserts east and west, that its cities were not

walled and that the Nile River was the avenue of foreign

attack, but this was rather easily defended.

E. By way of historical background, The Pulpit

Commentary states:

1. Pharaoh Necho was soundly defeated by

Nebuchadnezzar at Carchemish in B.C. 604.



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a. Jeremiah 46:1-28, The Lord spoke to

Jeremiah about the nations. He spoke about

Egypt and the army of Pharaoh Necho king of

Egypt which was encamped along the

Euphrates River at Carchemish. Now this was

the army that King Nebuchadnezzar of

Babylon defeated in the fourth year that

Jehoiakim son of Josiah was ruling over

Judah. “Fall into ranks with your shields

ready! Prepare to march into battle! Harness

the horses to the chariots! Mount your horses!

Put on your helmets and take your positions!

Sharpen your spears! Put on your armor!

What do I see?” says the Lord. “The soldiers

are terrified. They are retreating. They have

been defeated. They are overcome with terror;

they desert quickly without looking back. But

even the swiftest cannot get away. Even the

strongest cannot escape. There in the north by

the Euphrates River they stumble and fall in

defeat. “Who is this that rises like the Nile, like

its streams turbulent at flood stage? Egypt

rises like the Nile, like its streams turbulent at

flood stage. Egypt says, ‘I will arise and cover

the earth. I will destroy cities and the people

who inhabit them.’ Go ahead and charge into

battle, you horsemen! Drive furiously, you

charioteers! Let the soldiers march out into

battle, those from Ethiopia and Libya who

carry shields, and those from Lydia who are

armed with the bow. But that day belongs to



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the Lord God who rules over all. It is the day

when he will pay back his enemies. His sword

will devour them until its appetite is satisfied!

It will drink their blood until it is full! For the

Lord God who rules over all will offer them up

as a sacrifice in the land of the north by the

Euphrates River. Go up to Gilead and get

medicinal ointment, you dear poor people of

Egypt. But it will prove useless no matter how

much medicine you use; there will be no

healing for you. The nations will hear of your

devastating defeat. Your cries of distress will

echo throughout the earth. In the panic of

their flight one soldier will trip over another

and both of them will fall down defeated.” The

Lord spoke to the prophet Jeremiah about

Nebuchadnezzar coming to attack the land of

Egypt. “Make an announcement throughout

Egypt. Proclaim it in Migdol, Memphis, and

Tahpanhes. ‘Take your positions and prepare

to do battle. For the enemy army is destroying

all the nations around you.’ Why will your

soldiers be defeated? They will not stand

because I, the Lord, will thrust them down. I

will make many stumble. They will fall over

one another in their hurry to flee. They will

say, ‘Get up! Let’s go back to our own people.

Let’s go back to our homelands because the

enemy is coming to destroy us.’ There at home

they will say, ‘Pharaoh king of Egypt is just a

big noise! He has let the most opportune



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moment pass by.’ I the King, whose name is

the Lord who rules over all, swear this: I

swear as surely as I live that a conqueror is

coming. He will be as imposing as Mount

Tabor is among the mountains, as Mount

Carmel is against the backdrop of the sea.

Pack your bags for exile, you inhabitants of

poor dear Egypt. For Memphis will be laid

waste. It will lie in ruins and be uninhabited.

Egypt is like a beautiful young cow. But

northern armies will attack her like swarms of

stinging flies. Even her mercenaries will prove

to be like pampered, well-fed calves. For they

too will turn and run away. They will not

stand their ground when the time for them to

be destroyed comes, the time for them to be

punished. Egypt will run away, hissing like a

snake, as the enemy comes marching up in

force. They will come against her with axes as

if they were woodsmen chopping down trees.

The population of Egypt is like a vast,

impenetrable forest. But I, the Lord, affirm

that the enemy will cut them down. For those

who chop them down will be more numerous

than locusts. They will be too numerous to

count. Poor dear Egypt will be put to shame.

She will be handed over to the people from the

north.” The Lord God of Israel who rules over

all says, “I will punish Amon, the god of

Thebes. I will punish Egypt, its gods, and its

kings. I will punish Pharaoh and all who trust



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in him. I will hand them over to

Nebuchadnezzar and his troops, who want to

kill them. But later on, people will live in

Egypt again as they did in former times. I, the

Lord, affirm it!” “You descendants of Jacob,

my servants, do not be afraid; do not be

terrified, people of Israel. For I will rescue you

and your descendants from the faraway lands

where you are captives. The descendants of

Jacob will return to their land and enjoy

peace. They will be secure and no one will

terrify them. I, the Lord, tell you not to be

afraid, you descendants of Jacob, my servant,

for I am with you. Though I completely

destroy all the nations where I scatter you, I

will not completely destroy you. I will indeed

discipline you but only in due measure. I will

not allow you to go entirely unpunished.”

(NET)

2. Pharaoh Hophra (Uah-prahet, Apries) became king

of Egypt in B.C. 588.

a. Jeremiah 44:30, I, the Lord, promise that I

will hand Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt over

to his enemies who are seeking to kill him. I

will do that just as surely as I handed King

Zedekiah of Judah over to King Nebuch-

adnezzar of Babylon, his enemy who was

seeking to kill him.’” (NET)



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3. Amasis, an Egyptian general, led an uprising

against Hophra, killed him and became ruler of Egypt

in 569 B.C.

4. Zedekiah sought the assistance of Egypt against

Babylon which was soon to destroy Jerusalem.

a. Leaning on Egypt was futile as Egypt did not

give its best effort to help Judah and defeat

Babylon.

b. Ezekiel 17:11-18, Then the word of the Lord

came to me: “Say to the rebellious house of

Israel: ‘Don’t you know what these things

mean?’ Say: ‘See here, the king of Babylon

came to Jerusalem and took her king and her

officials prisoner and brought them to himself

in Babylon. He took one from the royal family,

made a treaty with him, and put him under

oath. He then took the leaders of the land so it

would be a lowly kingdom which could not

rise on its own but must keep its treaty with

him in order to stand. But this one from

Israel’s royal family rebelled against the king

of Babylon by sending his emissaries to Egypt

to obtain horses and a large army. Will he

prosper? Will the one doing these things

escape? Can he break the covenant and

escape? “‘As surely as I live, declares the

sovereign Lord, surely in the city of the king

who crowned him, whose oath he despised and



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whose covenant he broke—in the middle of

Babylon he will die! Pharaoh with his great

army and mighty horde will not help him in

battle, when siege ramps are erected and siege-

walls are built to kill many people. He

despised the oath by breaking the covenant.

Take note—he gave his promise and did all

these things—he will not escape! (NET)

5. Babylon besieged Jerusalem in B.C. 589 and in due

time destroyed the city and carried its people captive

to Babylon.

Ezekiel 29:3, Tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord

says: “‘Look, I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt, the

great monster lying in the midst of its waterways, who has

said, “My Nile is my own, I made it for myself.” (NET)

I. Speak to him and say: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says:..

A. Ezekiel was to prophecy against Pharaoh and all of

Egypt for their forsaking Israel in time of need.

II. “‘I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt, . . .

A. This is indeed a grievous state of affairs.

1. Consider what would be the effect of God’s being

against you.



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2. To say the least, you would be in worse shape than

a snowball in hell!

B. For some reason, the children of Israel seemed to lean

on Egypt in times of need, but Egypt was not always

dependable. (See McGee.)

1. God sent Nebuchadnezzar to punish Egypt for their

sins against the Lord and Israel and to reward

Nebuchadnezzar for doing the Lord’s will. (See

McGee)

III. You great monster lying among your streams (rivers).

A. Pharaoh is viewed as an arrogant mythical monster,

perhaps similar to a crocodile, lying among the streams of

Egypt. (See Hamilton.)

1. “Monster” here means “crocodile”, an appropriate

symbol for Pharaoh and his nation, Coffman wrote.

B. The Hebrew term for “monster” refers to the great

mythological, chaos-creating sea creature whom Yahweh

defeated in battle, Fredenburg advised. Coffman disagreed.

1. Psalm 87:4, I mention Rahab and Babylon to my

followers. Here are Philistia and Tyre, along with

Ethiopia. It is said of them, “This one was born

there.” (NET)



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2. Psalm 89:10, You crushed the Proud One and

killed it; with your strong arm you scattered your

enemies. (NET)

3. Psalm 104:26, The ships travel there, and over

here swims the whale you made to play in it.

(NET)

4. Job 9:13, God does not restrain his anger; under

him the helpers of Rahab lie crushed. (NET)

5. Isaiah 27:1, At that time the Lord will punish

with his destructive, great, and powerful sword

Leviathan the fast-moving serpent, Leviathan the

squirming serpent; he will kill the sea monster.

(NET)

6. Isaiah 30:7, Egypt is totally incapable of helping.

For this reason I call her ‘Proud one who is

silenced.’” (NET)

7. Clarke wrote that the original for “monster”

signifies any large animal.

C. McGee observed that Egypt worshiped all manner of

birds, beasts, and bugs.

1. The plagues God brought against Egypt (Exodus 7-

11) were leveled against the gods they worshiped.

(See McGee.)



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D. The pharaoh presently on the throne was Hophra, also

called Apries in the Greek. (McGee)

1. Hophra was also called Apries in the Greek. He

was the grandson of Pharaoh Nechoh, who defeated

and killed King Josiah of Judah at Megiddo. (McGee)

2. “Kings of Judah Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and

Zedekiah all turned to Pharaoh Hophra when

Jerusalem was besieged,” McGee wrote.

E. Clarke stated that the “crocodile” was the emblem of

Egypt and that Pharaoh placed himself according to this

verse in the Nile delta where the Nile empties into the

Mediterranean sea.

IV. You say, “The Nile is mine; I made it for myself.”

A. Pharaoh is pictured here as the owner and creator of the

Nile River and as claiming in this way to be deity, divine.

(See Smith.)

1. Fredenburg reminded us that the belief that Pharaoh

was divine was commonly held by Egyptians.

2. The Pulpit Commentary suggested that Hophra

claimed ownership of the Nile because of construction

work in the Delta including a canal from the Nile to

the Red Sea and other projects to improve irrigation in

lower Egypt.



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3. This boast reminds the reader of the boast of

Nebuchadnezzar.

a. Daniel 4:30, The king uttered these words:

“Is this not the great Babylon that I have built

for a royal residence by my own mighty

strength and for my majestic honor?” (NET)

Ezekiel 29:4, I will put hooks in your jaws and stick the fish

of your waterways to your scales. I will haul you up from the

midst of your waterways, and all the fish of your waterways

will stick to your scales. (NET)

I. But I will put hooks in your jaws and make the fish of your

streams stick to your scales. I will pull you out from among

your streams with all the fish sticking to your scales.

A. This monster, crocodile, Pharaoh, would be caught,

captured by the Lord’s decree and intervention.

B. Fredenburg wrote that the monster, crocodile represents

Pharaoh, the Nile represents all Egypt, the fish in the

streams represent either the people of Egypt, or, more

likely, Egypt’s military allies.

C. Coffman gave two reasons for the terrible punishments

coming upon Pharaoh and the Egyptians; viz., . . .

1. Pharaoh’s arrogantly claiming to be divine, and . . .



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2. Egypt’s failure to keep its military treaty obligations

to defend Jerusalem – Judah against Babylon.

D. Pharaoh Hophra lost control of Egypt by an insurrection

of the people, was assassinated by Amesis, and Amasis,

one of Hophra’s generals, was proclaimed King, Clarke

wrote.

E. The Pulpit Commentary reported that Egyptians caught

crocodiles by baiting a large hook with swine’s flesh.

1. Job 41:1-2, “Can you pull in Leviathan with a

hook, and tie down its tongue with a rope? Can you

put a cord through its nose, or pierce its jaw with a

hook? (NET)

Ezekiel 29:5, I will leave you in the wilderness, you and all

the fish of your waterways; you will fall in the open field and

will not be gathered up or collected. I have given you as food

to the beasts of the earth and the birds of the skies. (NET)

I. I will leave you in the desert, you and all the fish of your

streams,

A. Mighty Pharaoh would be killed and his body would be

left in the desert (wilderness) along with his wealth here

called “fish.” (See Smith.)

B. Pharaoh Hophra sought refuge in upper (southern) Egypt

where he was afterwards taken prisoner, and strangled by

the usurper, Amasis, Clarke advised.



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II. You will fall on the open field and not be gathered or picked

up. I will give you as food to the beasts of the earth and the

birds of the air.

A. “The carcass of the animal representing the Pharaoh was

to become food for the beasts of the earth and the birds of

the air, a common ancient near Eastern description of a

shameful death without burial,” Hamilton further wrote.

1. Deuteronomy 28:16, You will be cursed in the

city and cursed in the field. (NET)

2. 1 Samuel 17:44, 46, The Philistine said to David,

“Come here to me, so I can give your flesh to the

birds of the sky and the wild animals of the field!”

This very day the Lord will deliver you into my

hand! I will strike you down and cut off your head.

This day I will give the corpses of the Philistine

army to the birds of the sky and the wild animals of

the land. Then all the land will realize that Israel

has a God. (NET)

3. 1 Kings 14:11, Dogs will eat the members of your

family who die in the city, and the birds of the sky

will eat the ones who die in the country.”’ Indeed,

the Lord has announced it! (NET)

B. Vultures would descend on Pharaoh and devour him.



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1. Those associated with Pharaoh would suffer the

same fate. (Smith)

2. This is an expression of a most shameful death!

a. Deuteronomy 28:16, You will be cursed in

the city and cursed in the field. (NET)

b. 1 Samuel 17:44, The Philistine said to

David, “Come here to me, so I can give your

flesh to the birds of the sky and the wild

animals of the field!” (NET)

c. 1 Kings 14:11, Dogs will eat the members of

your family who die in the city, and the birds

of the sky will eat the ones who die in the

country.”’ Indeed, the Lord has announced it!

d. Psalm 79:2, They have given the corpses of

your servants to the birds of the sky; the flesh

of your loyal followers to the beasts of the

earth. (NET)

e. Jeremiah 7:33, Then the dead bodies of

these people will be left on the ground for the

birds and wild animals to eat. There will not

be any survivors to scare them away. (NET)

f. Jeremiah 34:20, I will hand them over to

their enemies who want to kill them. Their



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dead bodies will become food for the birds and

the wild animals. (NET)

Ezekiel 29:6, Then all those living in Egypt will know that I

am the Lord because they were a reed staff for the house of

Israel; (NET)

I. Then all who live in Egypt will know that I am the Lord.

A. These misfortunes which would befall Pharaoh and

Egypt would lead Egypt to know that Yahweh is Lord.

II. “‘You have been a staff of reed for the house of Israel.

A. At this point the figure (a metaphor) changes from that

of a great monster to a staff of grass. (See Hamilton.)

1. Isaiah 36:6, Look, you must be trusting in Egypt,

that splintered reed staff. If someone leans on it for

support, it punctures his hand and wounds him.

That is what Pharaoh king of Egypt does to all who

trust in him! (NET)

2. 2 Kings 18:21, Now look, you must be trusting in

Egypt, that splintered reed staff. If a man leans for

support on it, it punctures his hand and wounds

him. That is what Pharaoh king of Egypt does to all

who trust in him. (NET)

3. This describes Pharaoh and Egypt as unreliable

allies. (Fredenburg)



26

4. “Pharaoh promised military support but failed to

make good on his promises,” Fredenburg wrote.

5. Reeds were as common to the Egyptian Delta as

crocodiles.

a. Job 40:21, Under the lotus trees it lies, in the

secrecy of the reeds and the marsh. (NET)

B. This evidently refers to Zedekiah’s seeking to enroll

Pharaoh Hophra in 587 BCE as an ally against

Nebuchadnezzar.

1. Egypt was a weak ally and did not succeed in

defeating Nebuchadnezzar. (See Hamilton.)

a. Jeremiah 37:1-10, He (Zedekiah) was

elevated to the throne of the land of Judah by

King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. Neither he

nor the officials who served him nor the people

of Judah paid any attention to what the Lord

said through the prophet Jeremiah. King

Zedekiah sent Jehucal son of Shelemiah and

the priest Zephaniah son of Maaseiah to the

prophet Jeremiah. He told them to say,

“Please pray to the Lord our God on our

behalf.” (Now Jeremiah had not yet been put

in prison. So he was still free to come and go

among the people as he pleased. At that time

the Babylonian forces had temporarily given



27

up their siege against Jerusalem. They had

had it under siege, but withdrew when they

heard that the army of Pharaoh had set out

from Egypt.) The Lord gave the prophet

Jeremiah a message for them. He told him to

tell them, “The Lord God of Israel says, ‘Give

a message to the king of Judah who sent you to

ask me to help him. Tell him, “The army of

Pharaoh that was on its way to help you will

go back home to Egypt. Then the Babylonian

forces will return. They will attack the city

and will capture it and burn it down.

Moreover, I, the Lord, warn you not to deceive

yourselves into thinking that the Babylonian

forces will go away and leave you alone. For

they will not go away. For even if you were to

defeat all the Babylonian forces fighting

against you so badly that only wounded men

were left lying in their tents, they would get up

and burn this city down.”’” (NET)

b. Egypt failed Israel in its time of great need.

2. Israel had been forbidden to engage in such foreign

alliances, but God still condemned Egypt for its failure

to deliver Israel from Babylon’s attack on Jerusalem

and Judah. (See Hamilton.)

a. Ezekiel 17:17-18, Pharaoh with his great

army and mighty horde will not help him in

battle, when siege ramps are erected and siege-



28

walls are built to kill many people. 18 He

despised the oath by breaking the covenant.

Take note—he gave his promise and did all

these things—he will not escape! (NET)

3. The Israelites depended on the Babylonians to help

them resist the Babylonians, but Egypt made only a

weak, half-hearted effort to help Israel showing

themselves to be a weak reed. (Clarke)

a. In this way the Jews were deceived and

ultimately ruined, Clarke wrote.

Ezekiel 29:7, when they grasped you with their hand, you

broke and tore their shoulders, and when they leaned on

you, you splintered and caused their legs to be unsteady.

(NET)

I. When they grasped you with their hands, you splintered and

you tore open their shoulders; . . .

A. Smith expressed this verses’ meaning as, “The point is

that every time God’s people attempted to lean on Egypt

they got hurt.”

II. When they leaned on you, you broke and their backs were

wrenched.

A. Because of Pharaoh Hophra’s failure to do as he had

promised, Judah and Jerusalem suffered.



29

B. Jeremiah 37:1-10, of Jehoiakim as king. He was

elevated to the throne of the land of Judah by King

Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. Neither he nor the officials

who served him nor the people of Judah paid any

attention to what the Lord said through the prophet

Jeremiah. King Zedekiah sent Jehucal son of Shelemiah

and the priest Zephaniah son of Maaseiah to the

prophet Jeremiah. He told them to say, “Please pray to

the Lord our God on our behalf.” (Now Jeremiah had

not yet been put in prison. So he was still free to come

and go among the people as he pleased. At that time the

Babylonian forces had temporarily given up their siege

against Jerusalem. They had had it under siege, but

withdrew when they heard that the army of Pharaoh

had set out from Egypt.) The Lord gave the prophet

Jeremiah a message for them. He told him to tell them,

“The Lord God of Israel says, ‘Give a message to the

king of Judah who sent you to ask me to help him. Tell

him, “The army of Pharaoh that was on its way to help

you will go back home to Egypt. Then the Babylonian

forces will return. They will attack the city and will

capture it and burn it down. Moreover, I, the Lord,

warn you not to deceive yourselves into thinking that

the Babylonian forces will go away and leave you alone.

For they will not go away. For even if you were to defeat

all the Babylonian forces fighting against you so badly

that only wounded men were left lying in their tents,

they would get up and burn this city down.”’” (NET)



30

Ezekiel 29:8, “‘Therefore, this is what the sovereign Lord

says: Look, I am about to bring a sword against you, and I

will kill every person and every animal. (NET)

I. “‘Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: . . .

A. As has been previously noted, Ezekiel repeatedly

emphasized that what he was saying was the holy word of

the Sovereign Lord!

1. Ezekiel 29:1, 8, 13, 17, 19, In the tenth year, in

the tenth month, on the twelfth day of the month,

the word of the Lord came to me: “‘Therefore, this

is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about

to bring a sword against you, and I will kill every

person and every animal. “‘For this is what the

sovereign Lord says: At the end of forty years I will

gather Egypt from the peoples where they were

scattered. In the twenty-seventh year, in the first

month, on the first day of the month, the word of

the Lord came to me: Therefore this is what the

sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to give the

land of Egypt to King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon.

He will carry off her wealth, capture her loot, and

seize her plunder; it will be his army’s wages.

(NET)

II. I will bring a sword against you and kill your men and their

animals.



31

A. God would bring an army against Egypt which would

kill both man and beast. (See Smith.)

1. This was a penalty for Pharaoh Hophra’s

treacherous failure to keep his military obligations to

Israel. (Fredenburg)

2. The “sword” here is that of Nebuchadnezzar.

(Coffman)

Ezekiel 29:9 a & b, The land of Egypt will become a desolate

ruin. Then they will know that I am the Lord. (NET)

I. Egypt will become a desolate wasteland.

A. Egypt would be defeated and, because of this, they

would come to know that Yahweh is God. (Smith)

1. Leviticus 26:25, 32-33, I will bring on you an

avenging sword, a covenant vengeance. Although

you will gather together into your cities, I will send

pestilence among you and you will be given into

enemy hands. I myself will make the land desolate

and your enemies who live in it will be appalled. I

will scatter you among the nations and unsheathe

the sword after you, so your land will become

desolate and your cities will become a waste.

(NET)

II. Then they will know that I am the Lord.



32

A. Everything the Lord did was designed to bring people to

know that Yahweh was Lord and to faithfully serve him.

Ezekiel 29:9c, 10, Because he said, “The Nile is mine and I

made it,” I am against you and your waterways. I will turn

the land of Egypt into an utter desolate ruin from Migdol to

Syene, as far as the border with Ethiopia. (NET)

I. “‘Because you said, “The Nile is mine; I made it,” . . .

A. Arrogance, as revealed in this statement, was one reason

God was Pharaoh Hophra’s enemy.

II. Therefore, I am against you and against your streams, and I

will make the land of Egypt a ruin and a desolate waste from

Migdol to Aswan (Syene), as far as the border of Cush.

A. God’s punishment would encompass all of Egypt from

the northern frontier in the Sinai to the southern border in

northern Sudan. (Hamilton)

1. Migdol (tower).

a. Exodus 14:2, “Tell the Israelites that they

must turn and camp before Pi-hahiroth,

between Migdol and the sea; you are to camp

by the sea before Baal Zephon opposite it.

(NET)

b. This Migdol lay west of the Red Sea in the

eastern region of the Nile Delta. (Youngblood)



33

c. Migdol was located in northeastern Egypt.

After Jerusalem fell to the Babylonians, some

Israelites fled to this location.

d. Jeremiah 44:1, The Lord spoke to Jeremiah

concerning all the Judeans who were living in

the land of Egypt, those in Migdol, Tahpanhes,

Memphis, and in the region of southern Egypt.

e. Jeremiah 46:14, “Make an announcement

throughout Egypt. Proclaim it in Migdol,

Memphis, and Tahpanhes. ‘Take your

positions and prepare to do battle. For the

enemy army is destroying all the nations

around you.’ (NET)

2. Aswan (Syene).

a. Ezekiel 29:10, I am against you and your

waterways. I will turn the land of Egypt into

an utter desolate ruin from Migdol to Syene,

as far as the border with Ethiopia. (NET)

b. Aswan (Syene) in southern Egypt on the Nile

River is the site of a dam which contributes

greatly to management of the Nile River.

c. Syene was the last city in Egypt going toward

Ethiopia.



34

3. Cush.

a. This Cush was a region south of Egypt, also

called Nubia, which includes part of Sudan.

b. Isaiah 18:1-7, The land of buzzing wings is

as good as dead, the one beyond the rivers of

Cush, that sends messengers by sea, who glide

over the water’s surface in boats made of

papyrus. Go, you swift messengers, to a nation

of tall, smooth-skinned people, to a people that

are feared far and wide, to a nation strong and

victorious, whose land rivers divide. All you

who live in the world, who reside on the earth,

you will see a signal flag raised on the

mountains; you will hear a trumpet being

blown. For this is what the Lord has told me:

“I will wait and watch from my place, like

scorching heat produced by the sunlight, like a

cloud of mist in the heat of harvest.” For

before the harvest, when the bud has sprouted,

and the ripening fruit appears, he will cut off

the unproductive shoots with pruning knives;

he will prune the tendrils. They will all be left

for the birds of the hills and the wild animals;

the birds will eat them during the summer,

and all the wild animals will eat them during

the winter. At that time tribute will be brought

to the Lord who commands armies, by a

people that are tall and smooth-skinned, a

people that are feared far and wide, a nation



35

strong and victorious, whose land rivers

divide. The tribute will be brought to the place

where the Lord who commands armies has

chosen to reside, on Mount Zion. NET)

c. Psalm 68:31, They come with red cloth from

Egypt, Ethiopia voluntarily offers tribute to

God. (NET)

d. Isaiah 11:11, At that time the sovereign

master will again lift his hand to reclaim the

remnant of his people from Assyria, Egypt,

Pathros, Cush, Elam, Shinar, Hamath, and the

seacoasts. (NET)

B. Forty years is, Hamilton wrote, stereotypical and not to

be taken literally in this case.

1. Numbers 14:33-35, and your children will

wander in the wilderness forty years and suffer for

your unfaithfulness, until your dead bodies lie

finished in the wilderness. 34 According to the

number of the days you have investigated this land,

forty days—one day for a year—you will suffer for

your iniquities, forty years, and you will know

what it means to thwart me. 35 I, the Lord, have

said, “I will surely do so to all this evil congregation

that has gathered together against me. In this

wilderness they will be finished, and there they will

die!”’” (NET)



36

2. Numbers 32:13, So the Lord’s anger was kindled

against the Israelites, and he made them wander in

the wilderness for forty years, until all that

generation that had done wickedly before the Lord

was finished. (NET)

C. Smith wrote that the cities of Egypt would be left

abandoned for forty years but that secular historical

documentation of this period is skimpy and do not provide

information regarding such a time in Egyptian history.

1. These forty years evidently fell between

Nebuchadnezzar’s conquest of Egypt and its

restoration under the Persians who defeated the

Babylonians. (Smith)

Ezekiel 29:11, No human foot will pass through it, and no

animal’s foot will pass through it; it will be uninhabited for

forty years. (NET)

I. No foot of man or animal will pass through it; no one will live

there for forty years.

A. The land of Egypt would be left desolate as a

punishment for Pharaoh Hophra’s forsaking Judah in time

of great need. (See Fredenburg.)

Ezekiel 29:12, I will turn the land of Egypt into a desolation

in the midst of desolate lands; for forty years her cities will

lie desolate in the midst of ruined cities. I will scatter Egypt



37

among the nations and disperse them among foreign

countries. (NET)

I. I will make the land of Egypt desolate among devastated

lands, and . . .

A. Our historical records of this forty year period are

scarce, but the grandeur of ancient Egypt was no more.

B. Interestingly, The Pulpit Commentary states, “It need

hardly be said that history reveals no such period of

devastation. Such a period did follow on the conquests of

Nebuchadnezzar. Egypt ceased to be one of the great

world powers after the time of Nebuchadnezzar and fell

easily into the hands of the Persians under Cambyses.”

II. her cities will lie desolate forty years among ruined cities.

A. Egypt would not be permanently destroyed, but would

be desolate for a long time here described as forty years.

(See Hamilton.)

B. Clarke suggested the usurper Amasis reigned for forty

years and that this verse may be speaking of that forty years

period.

III. And I will disperse the Egyptians among the nations and

scatter them through the countries.

A. As a second punishment, the Egyptians would be

dispersed among the nations.



38

1. Leviticus 26:32-33, I myself will make the land

desolate and your enemies who live in it will be

appalled. 33 I will scatter you among the nations

and unsheathe the sword after you, so your land

will become desolate and your cities will become a

waste. (NET)

2. Ezekiel 26:14, I will make you a bare rock; you

will be a place where fishing nets are spread. You

will never be built again, for I, the Lord, have

spoken, declares the sovereign Lord. (NET)

B. Seventeen years after this oracle was given to Ezekiel,

Nebuchadnezzar took the Egyptians into captivity where

they remained for forty years, not seventy years, McGee

wrote.

1. This was a typical follow-up to oriental victories.

a. 2 Kings 17:6, In the ninth year of Hoshea’s

reign, the king of Assyria captured Samaria

and deported the people of Israel to Assyria.

He settled them in Halah, along the Harbor

(the river of Gozan), and in the cities of the

Medes. (NET)

Ezekiel 29:13, “‘For this is what the sovereign Lord says: At

the end of forty years I will gather Egypt from the peoples

where they were scattered. (NET)



39

I. “‘Yet this is what the Sovereign Lord says: . . .

A. Ezekiel repeated this fact over and over! He did not

want his hearers to ever forget or doubt that every word he

spoke was God’s word!

II. At the end of forty years I will gather the Egyptians from the

nations where they were scattered.

A. These dispersed Egyptians would return home at the end

of forty years. (Smith)

B. “‘Forty years,’” Fredenburg “wrote, most likely serves

as a symbolic number representing the stereotypical length

of time a diety used to prepare a people for weal or woe.”

1. Ezekiel 4:6, “When you have completed these

days, then lie down a second time, but on your

right side, and bear the iniquity of the house of

Judah 40 days—I have assigned one day for each

year. (NET)

2. Numbers 14:33-35, and your children will

wander in the wilderness forty years and suffer for

your unfaithfulness, until your dead bodies lie

finished in the wilderness. According to the

number of the days you have investigated this land,

forty days—one day for a year—you will suffer for

your iniquities, forty years, and you will know

what it means to thwart me. I, the Lord, have said,

“I will surely do so to all this evil congregation that



40

has gathered together against me. In this

wilderness they will be finished, and there they will

die!”’” (NET)

3. Numbers 32:13, So the Lord’s anger was kindled

against the Israelites, and he made them wander in

the wilderness for forty years, until all that

generation that had done wickedly before the Lord

was finished. (NET)

4. Ezekiel 20:5-9, and say to them: “‘This is what

the sovereign Lord says: On the day I chose Israel I

swore to the descendants of the house of Jacob and

made myself known to them in the land of Egypt. I

swore to them, “I am the Lord your God.” On that

day I swore to bring them out of the land of Egypt

to a land which I had picked out for them, a land

flowing with milk and honey, the most beautiful of

all lands. I said to them, “Each of you must get rid

of the detestable idols you keep before you, and do

not defile yourselves with the idols of Egypt; I am

the Lord your God.” But they rebelled against me,

and refused to listen to me; no one got rid of their

detestable idols, nor did they abandon the idols of

Egypt. Then I decided to pour out my rage on them

and fully vent my anger against them in the midst

of the land of Egypt. I acted for the sake of my

reputation, so that I would not be profaned before

the nations among whom they lived, before whom I

revealed myself by bringing them out of the land of

Egypt. (NET)



41

5. “Forty years” connotes a long period of time, the

time required for one generation to replace another.

C. God would be merciful even to treacherous Egypt as he

would be to others.

1. Ezekiel 16:53-58, “‘I will restore their

fortunes, the fortunes of Sodom and her

daughters, and the fortunes of Samaria and

her daughters (along with your fortunes

among them), so that you may bear your

disgrace and be ashamed of all you have done

in consoling them. As for your sisters, Sodom

and her daughters will be restored to their

former status, Samaria and her daughters will

be restored to their former status, and you and

your daughters will be restored to your former

status. In your days of majesty, was not

Sodom your sister a byword in your mouth,

before your evil was exposed? Now you have

become an object of scorn to the daughters of

Aram and all those around her and to the

daughters of the Philistines—those all around

you who despise you. You must bear your

punishment for your obscene conduct and

your abominable practices, declares the Lord.

(NET)

2. Ezekiel 39:25-29, “Therefore this is what the

sovereign Lord says: Now I will restore the



42

fortunes of Jacob, and I will have mercy on the

entire house of Israel. I will be zealous for my

holy name. They will bear their shame for all

their unfaithful acts against me, when they live

securely on their land with no one to make

them afraid. When I have brought them back

from the peoples and gathered them from the

countries of their enemies, I will magnify

myself among them in the sight of many

nations. Then they will know that I am the

Lord their God, because I sent them into exile

among the nations, and then gathered them

into their own land. I will not leave any of

them in exile any longer. I will no longer hide

my face from them, when I pour out my Spirit

on the house of Israel, declares the sovereign

Lord.” (NET)

D. Clarke suggested Cyrus, the Persian, may have given

permission for Egyptian exiles to return home and that

from the beginning of the Babylonian-Egyptian war to the

third or fourth year of Cyrus’ reign was approximately

forty years.

Ezekiel 29:14, I will restore the fortunes of Egypt, and will

bring them back to the land of Pathros, to the land of their

origin; there they will be an insignificant kingdom. (NET)

I. I will bring them back from captivity and return them to

Upper Egypt, the land of their ancestry (birth).



43

A. Pathos in southern (upper) Egypt was their native

ancestral home and it is to this area that this verse most

likely refers. (See Clarke.)

1. Some, however, conclude this verse refers to the

Delta region. (Clarke)

2. Genesis 10:13-14, Mizraim was the father of the

Ludites, Anamites, Lehabites, Naphtuhites,

Pathrusites, Casluhites (from whom the Philistines

came), and Caphtorites. (NET)

3. 1 Chronicles 1:12, Pathrusites, Casluhites (from

whom the Philistines descended), and the Caph-

torites. (NET)

4. Isaiah 11:1, A shoot will grow out of Jesse’s root

stock, a bud will sprout from his roots. (NET)

5. Jeremiah 44:1, The Lord spoke to Jeremiah

concerning all the Judeans who were living in the

land of Egypt, those in Migdol, Tahpanhes,

Memphis, and in the region of southern Egypt.

(NET)

II. There they will be a lowly kingdom.

A. Egypt would not enjoy the glory, grandeur and world

position of her early history.



44

B. Egypt would now “be a lowly kingdom,” a tributary to

other nations, not the grand world power of the ancient

Pharaohs. (See Smith and Clarke.)

Ezekiel 29:15, It will be the most insignificant of the

kingdoms; it will never again exalt itself over the nations. I

will make them so small that they will not rule over the

nations. (NET)

I. It will be the lowliest of kingdoms and will never again exalt

itself above the other nations.

A. Even today, some 2,500 plus years later, Egypt remains

“a nation of secondary strength and importance.”

(Coffman)

1. Coffman noted that Egypt was sequentially under

the domination of the Babylonians, Persians, Greeks,

Seleucids, Romans, Saracens, Mamedukes, Turks,

Ottomans, British, et. al. (Also see Clarke.)

2. Compare today’s Egypt with the land of the ancient

Pharaohs, their knowledge and the wonder of the

pyramids. (See McGee.)

II. I will make it so weak that it will never again rule over the

nations.

A. Even as this is being typed in February, 2013, , Egypt is

weak and in turmoil.



45

B. It has never regained its position as a world power.

Ezekiel 29:16, It will never again be Israel’s source of

confidence, but a reminder of how they sinned by turning to

Egypt for help. Then they will know that I am the sovereign

Lord.’” (NET)

I. Egypt will no longer be a source of confidence for the people

of Israel but will be a reminder of their sin in turning to her for

help.

A. Israel would know better than to again look to Egypt for

help in time of need.

1. Israel’s reliance on Egypt had always been ill

advised and contrary to God’s will.

a. 2 Kings 17:4, The king of Assyria discovered

that Hoshea was planning a revolt. Hoshea

had sent messengers to King So of Egypt and

had not sent his annual tribute to the king of

Assyria. So the king of Assyria arrested him

and imprisoned him. (NET)

b. Isaiah 30:2-3, They travel down to Egypt

without seeking my will, seeking Pharaoh’s

protection, and looking for safety in Egypt’s

protective shade. But Pharaoh’s protection

will bring you nothing but shame, and the

safety of Egypt’s protective shade nothing but

humiliation. (NET)



46

c. Isaiah 36:4, 6, The chief adviser said to

them, “Tell Hezekiah: ‘This is what the great

king, the king of Assyria, says: “What is your

source of confidence? Look, you must be

trusting in Egypt, that splintered reed staff. If

someone leans on it for support, it punctures

his hand and wounds him. That is what

Pharaoh king of Egypt does to all who trust in

him! (NET)

d. 2 Kings 23:35, Jehoiakim paid Pharaoh the

required amount of silver and gold, but to

meet Pharaoh’s demands Jehoiakim had to

tax the land. He collected an assessed amount

from each man among the people of the land

in order to pay Pharaoh Necho. (NET)

II. Then they will know that I am the Sovereign Lord.’”

A. The goal of these divine interventions was to convince

all concerned that Yahweh is in fact the Sovereign Lord.

Ezekiel 29:17, In the twenty-seventh year, in the first month,

on the first day of the month, the word of the Lord came to

me: (NET)

I. In the twenty-seventh years, in the first month on the first day,

the word of the Lord came to me: . . .



47

A. On Israel’s New Year’s Day (April 26, 571 BCE) this

oracle came to Ezekiel. (See Hamilton and Coffman.) or

B.C. 572. (The Pulpit Commentary)

1. This date fell in the twenty-seventh year of

Jehoiachin’s captivity.

2. Fredenburg wrote that this is the latest date in the

book of Ezekiel. (Smith)

B. This is the second oracle presented in this chapter, but

chronologically it may well have been the seventh oracle in

this series against Egypt.

C. This oracle, Coffman wrote, came to Ezekiel about a

year after the 13 year siege of Tyre which is two years later

than the vision of Ezekiel 40.

D. This oracle came to Ezekiel the first day of the first

month of the twenty-seventh year of the captivity of

Jeconiah, fifteen years after the fall of Jerusalem, Clarke

wrote.

Ezekiel 29:18, “Son of man, King Nebuchadnezzar of

Babylon made his army labor hard against Tyre. Every head

was rubbed bald and every shoulder rubbed bare; yet he

and his army received no wages from Tyre for the work he

carried out against it. (NET)

I. “Son of man, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon drove his

army in a hard campaign against Tyre; . . .



48

A. This oracle came to Ezekiel soon after

Nebuchadnezzar’s siege of Tyre ended. (Fredenburg)

1. Nebuchadnezzar did not succeed in destroying

Tyre, but he did make a treaty with its ruler, Baal II.

(Fredenburg)

a. Ezekiel 26:14, I will make you a bare rock;

you will be a place where fishing nets are

spread. You will never be built again, for I, the

Lord, have spoken, declares the sovereign

Lord. (NET)

II. every head was rubbed bare and every shoulder made raw:

A. The Babylonian soldiers and workers became totally

fatigued and sustained injuries in the process of building

ramps, by means of which the Babylonian army planned to

enter the city. (See Hamilton.)

1. During this thirteen year siege of Tyre, the

Babylonian soldiers endured great hardships, Clarke

wrote.

III. Yet he and his army got no reward from the campaign he led

against Tyre.

A. This refers to the fact that, after a thirteen year siege,

Tyre was not destroyed. (See Hamilton.)



49

1. Nebuchadnezzar’s long siege ended with Tyre still

standing.

2. The prophecy regarding Tyre was only partially

fulfilled. (Fredenburg)

a. Ezekiel 26:7-14, “For this is what the

sovereign Lord says: Take note that I am

about to bring King Nebuchadrezzar of

Babylon, king of kings, against Tyre from the

north, with horses, chariots, and horsemen, an

army and hordes of people. He will kill your

daughters in the field with the sword. He will

build a siege wall against you, erect a siege

ramp against you, and raise a great shield

against you. He will direct the blows of his

battering rams against your walls and tear

down your towers with his weapons. He will

cover you with the dust kicked up by his many

horses. Your walls will shake from the noise of

the horsemen, wheels, and chariots when he

enters your gates like those who invade

through a city’s broken walls. With his horses’

hoofs he will trample all your streets. He will

kill your people with the sword, and your

strong pillars will tumble down to the ground.

They will steal your wealth and loot your

merchandise. They will tear down your walls

and destroy your luxurious homes. Your

stones, your trees, and your soil he will throw

into the water. I will silence the noise of your



50

songs; the sound of your harps will be heard

no more. I will make you a bare rock; you will

be a place where fishing nets are spread. You

will never be built again, for I, the Lord, have

spoken, declares the sovereign Lord. (NET)

3. Nebuchadnezzar had no funds with which to pay his

soldiers.

B. The reward which escaped Nebuchadnezzar at Tyre was

obtained from Egypt.

1. Ezekiel 7:12, The time has come; the day has

struck! The customer should not rejoice, nor the

seller mourn; for divine wrath comes against their

whole crowd. (NET)

C. Coffman stated that, “Despite the fall of Tyre and its

subsequent domination under a high commissioner from

Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar received no significant spoil

from its capture.”

1. Bruce via Coffman suggested Tyre may have

shipped its riches to Egypt early in its conflict with

Babylon which would account for Nebuchadnezzar’s

failure to obtain sufficient reward from Tyre.

a. This would also provide another reason for

Nebuchadnezzar’s immediate war with Egypt.



51

2. However, Clarke concluded that Tyre shipped its

riches to Carthage.

a. In any event, it appears Tyre put its wealth in a

place which was out of the reach of

Nebuchadnezzar’s forces.

D. The king of Babylon had no wages for his soldiers.

Tyre was indeed taken, but its citizens made their escape by

sea with their possessions. The Babylonian hopes of

massive spoils were not realized.

Ezekiel 29:19, Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord

says: Look, I am about to give the land of Egypt to King

Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. He will carry off her wealth,

capture her loot, and seize her plunder; it will be his army’s

wages. (NET)

I. therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: . . .

A. Again, Ezekiel was speaking God’s word and he made

this fact clear to his listeners.

B. This expression also introduces a special point that the

Lord directed Ezekiel to make to his listeners.

II. I am going to give Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of

Babylon, and he will carry off its wealth.

A. Since Tyre was not totally destroyed, Nebuchadnezzar

was given the wealth of Egypt.



52

1. Ezekiel 26:7-14, “For this is what the sovereign

Lord says: Take note that I am about to bring King

Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon, king of kings, against

Tyre from the north, with horses, chariots, and

horsemen, an army and hordes of people. He will

kill your daughters in the field with the sword. He

will build a siege wall against you, erect a siege

ramp against you, and raise a great shield against

you. He will direct the blows of his battering rams

against your walls and tear down your towers with

his weapons. He will cover you with the dust kicked

up by his many horses. Your walls will shake from

the noise of the horsemen, wheels, and chariots

when he enters your gates like those who invade

through a city’s broken walls. With his horses’

hoofs he will trample all your streets. He will kill

your people with the sword, and your strong pillars

will tumble down to the ground. They will steal

your wealth and loot your merchandise. They will

tear down your walls and destroy your luxurious

homes. Your stones, your trees, and your soil he

will throw into the water. I will silence the noise of

your songs; the sound of your harps will be heard

no more. I will make you a bare rock; you will be a

place where fishing nets are spread. You will never

be built again, for I, the Lord, have spoken,

declares the sovereign Lord. (NET)

2. Ezekiel 29:17-20, In the twenty-seventh year, in

the first month, on the first day of the month, the



53

word of the Lord came to me: “Son of man, King

Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon made his army labor

hard against Tyre. Every head was rubbed bald

and every shoulder rubbed bare; yet he and his

army received no wages from Tyre for the work he

carried out against it. Therefore this is what the

sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to give the

land of Egypt to King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon.

He will carry off her wealth, capture her loot, and

seize her plunder; it will be his army’s wages. I

have given him the land of Egypt as his

compensation for attacking Tyre, because they did

it for me, declares the sovereign Lord. (NET)

3. Nebuchadnezzar invaded Egypt in 568 or 567 BCE,

but we have no secular records of his success in this

military venture. (See Hamilton.)

B. Tyre was the leading shipping and trading center of the

Mediterranean world.

1. It was one wealthy city and Nebuchadnezzar

wanted it for himself.

2. Since he was unsuccessful in his attempts to get all

the wealth he had envisioned from Tyre, God helped

him get his “reward” from Egypt. (See Smith.)

C. The Babylonians may not have realized God was using

them to accomplish his purposes, but they were doing

God’s will and the Lord would reward them.



54

1. Jeremiah 25:9, So I, the Lord, affirm that I will

send for all the peoples of the north and my

servant, King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. I will

bring them against this land and its inhabitants

and all the nations that surround it. I will utterly

destroy this land, its inhabitants, and all the

nations that surround it and make them everlasting

ruins. I will make them objects of horror and

hissing scorn. (NET)

III. He will loot and plunder the land as pay for his army.

A. Coffman wrote, “Nebuchadnezzar appears as ‘the

servant of God’ in his siege of Tyre, and his eventual spoil

of Egypt is seen as a God-given reward for him as

compensation for the failure of Tyre to yield any loot for

her conquerors.”

1. Jeremiah 25:9, So I, the Lord, affirm that I will

send for all the peoples of the north and my

servant, King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. I will

bring them against this land and its inhabitants

and all the nations that surround it. I will utterly

destroy this land, its inhabitants, and all the

nations that surround it and make them everlasting

ruins. I will make them objects of horror and

hissing scorn. (NET)



55

B. Babylon’s soldiers, mercenaries included, had to be paid and

Nebuchadnezzar obtained those funds from Egypt’s conquest.

(See Coffman.)

Ezekiel 29:20, I have given him the land of Egypt as his

compensation for attacking Tyre, because they did it for me,

declares the sovereign Lord. (NET)

I. I have given him Egypt as a reward for his efforts because he

and his army did it for me, declares the Sovereign Lord.

A. The Sovereign Lord works in the affairs of men.

1. Looking back on the history of nations, which

events were decreed and caused by actions of the Lord

and which were the results of the natural course of

events?

2. How can you tell which developments belong in

which category?

B. Coffman wrote, “There is no admission here that

Nebuchadnezzar’s mission against Tyre failed.”

1. How could a mission on which God sent him fail?

C. Babylon conquered the nations of the Ancient Near East

and became a great world empire. (See McGee.)



56

Ezekiel 29:21, On that day I will make Israel powerful, and I

will give you the right to be heard among them. Then they

will know that I am the Lord.” (NET)

I. “On that day I will make a horn grow for the house of Israel,

and I will open your mouth among them.

A. This is understood to mean that Nebuchadnezzar’s

invasion of Egypt would attest to the truth of what Ezekiel

had said and would give Israel confidence that they would

soon return to their homeland. (See Hamilton.)

1. This campaign began in 568-567 B.C.

2. Jeremiah 43:8-13, At Tahpanhes the Lord spoke

to Jeremiah. “Take some large stones and bury

them in the mortar of the clay pavement at the

entrance of Pharaoh’s residence here in

Tahpanhes. Do it while the people of Judah present

there are watching. Then tell them, ‘The Lord God

of Israel who rules over all says, “I will bring my

servant King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. I will set

his throne over these stones which I have buried.

He will pitch his royal tent over them. He will come

and attack Egypt. Those who are destined to die of

disease will die of disease. Those who are destined

to be carried off into exile will be carried off into

exile. Those who are destined to die in war will die

in war. He will set fire to the temples of the gods of

Egypt. He will burn their gods or carry them off as

captives. He will pick Egypt clean like a shepherd



57

picks the lice from his clothing. He will leave there

unharmed. He will demolish the sacred pillars in

the temple of the sun in Egypt and will burn down

the temples of the gods of Egypt.”’” (NET)

3. This refers to the restoration of Israel to Palestine

under such renowned leaders as Zerubbabel,

Nehemiah and Ezra.

B. “I will make a horn grow for the house of Israel” means

that God would begin the process of restoring the power to

Israel. (Smith)

1. Smith further wrote, “Egypt’s humiliation ended

about 530 B.C. Israel’s restoration took place about

five years earlier in 538 B.C.”

2. The phrase, “will make a horn grow,” occurs in

only one other place in the Bible and there it clearly

refers to David’s kingly descent, Fredenburg wrote.

a. Psalm 132:17, There I will make David

strong; I have determined that my chosen

king’s dynasty will continue. (NET)

3. Some interpret this phrase to refer to the Messiah.

a. Ezekiel 17:22-24, “‘This is what the

sovereign Lord says: “‘I will take a sprig from

the lofty top of the cedar and plant it. I will

pluck from the top one of its tender twigs; I



58

myself will plant it on a high and lofty

mountain. I will plant it on a high mountain of

Israel, and it will raise branches and produce

fruit and become a beautiful cedar. Every bird

will live under it; Every winged creature will

live in the shade of its branches. All the trees

of the field will know that I am the Lord. I

make the high tree low; I raise up the low tree.

I make the green tree wither, and I make the

dry tree sprout. I, the Lord, have spoken, and

I will do it!’” (NET)

b. Ezekiel 34:20-31, “‘Therefore, this is what

the sovereign Lord says to them: Look, I

myself will judge between the fat sheep and

the lean sheep. Because you push with your

side and your shoulder, and thrust your horns

at all the weak sheep until you scatter them

abroad, I will save my sheep; they will no

longer be prey. I will judge between one sheep

and another. I will set one shepherd over

them, and he will feed them—namely, my

servant David. He will feed them and will be

their shepherd. I, the Lord, will be their God,

and my servant David will be prince among

them; I, the Lord, have spoken! “‘I will make

a covenant of peace with them and will rid the

land of wild beasts, so that they can live

securely in the wilderness and even sleep in the

woods. I will turn them and the regions

around my hill into a blessing. I will make



59

showers come down in their season; they will

be showers that bring blessing. The trees of

the field will yield their fruit and the earth will

yield its crops. They will live securely on their

land; they will know that I am the Lord, when

I break the bars of their yoke and rescue them

from the hand of those who enslaved them.

They will no longer be prey for the nations

and the wild beasts will not devour them. They

will live securely and no one will make them

afraid. I will prepare for them a healthy

planting. They will no longer be victims of

famine in the land and will no longer bear the

insults of the nations. Then they will know that

I, the Lord their God, am with them, and that

they are my people, the house of Israel,

declares the sovereign Lord. And you, my

sheep, the sheep of my pasture, are my people,

and I am your God, declares the sovereign

Lord.’” (NET)

c. Ezekiel 35:15-28, As you rejoiced over the

inheritance of the house of Israel because it

was desolate, so will I deal with you—you will

be desolate, Mount Seir, and all of Edom—all

of it! Then they will know that I am the

Lord.’” (NET) (***Ezekiel 35 ends at verse 15

???)

4. A “horn” is a symbol of strength.



60

C. God would open Ezekiel’s mouth which means that his

complaint will be vindicated, that Israel’s hopes of their

return to Palestine would be realized and that Ezekiel was

right after all. (Fredenburg)

D. Coffman saw in the passage a reference to the Messianic

promise.

1. “In that day” is usually a reference to the Messianic

dispensation. (Coffman)

2. “Furthermore “a horn” unto the house of David is a

prophecy of the revival of the Davidic dynasty; and

that took place only in the elevation of Jesus Christ to

the right hand of God. (Coffman)

a. Psalm 132:17, There I will make David

strong; I have determined that my chosen

king’s dynasty will continue. (NET)

b. Luke 1:69, For he has raised up a horn of

salvation for us in the house of his servant

David, (NET)

c. Ezekiel 24:26-27, On that day a fugitive will

come to you to report the news. 27 On that day

you will be able to speak again; you will talk

with the fugitive and be silent no longer. You

will be an object lesson for them, and they will

know that I am the Lord.” (NET)



61

E. The Pulpit Commentary states that “horn” is here as

always a symbol of power.

1. 1 Samuel 2:1, Hannah prayed, “My heart

rejoices in the Lord; my horn is exalted high

because of the Lord. I loudly denounce my enemies,

for I am happy that you delivered me. (NET)

2. Psalm 92:10, You exalt my horn like that of a

wild ox. I am covered with fresh oil. (NET)

3. Psalm 112:9, He generously gives to the needy;

his integrity endures. He will be vindicated and

honored. (NET)

4. Psalm 132:17, There I will make David strong; I

have determined that my chosen king’s dynasty

will continue. (NET)

5. Lamentations 2:3, In fierce anger he destroyed

the whole army of Israel. He withdrew his right

hand as the enemy attacked. He was like a raging

fire in the land of Jacob; it consumed everything

around it. (NET)

II. “Then they will know that I am the Lord.”

A. This is ever the goal of God’s actions.



62

Conclusion:

A. All who would teach or preach in religious matters must

be absolutely dedicated to proclaiming the exact word of

the Lord.

1. If your teacher, preacher or minister is not

proclaiming the word of the Lord exclusively, get

away from there in a hurry!

2. Listen only to those who proclaim what the

Sovereign Lord says!

B. May it never be said of you, “The Sovereign Lord is

against you.”

1. Be sure you are living in harmony with the will of

God.

2. What could be worse than having God against us?

C. Jehovah wants all the people of the earth to know he is

the Sovereign Lord.

1. Our duty, by life and word, is to bring all the people

we know to the knowledge of this truth.

2. All who truly know God will live in harmony with

his teachings.

D. God works in the affairs of men.



63

1. God “used” even a man like Nebuchadnezzar to

accomplish his purposes.

2. God rewarded Nebuchadnezzar for his services.

3. For Nebuchadnezzar to have been “used” by the

Lord does not necessarily mean he was a saved, godly

person.



64

Questions

on

Ezekiel 29: 1-21

1. In Ezekiel 1-29 Ezekiel, as directed by the Sovereign Lord,

spoke against ________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

2. Seven oracles are recorded in Ezekiel 29-32. List the

reference to each of these oracles and provide the date when

each was given to Ezekiel. ______________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

3. How did Smith outline Ezekiel 29? _____________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________



65

4. How did Coffman outline Ezekiel 29? ___________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

5. In the tenth year, in the tenth month, on the twelfth day of

what did an oracle come to Ezekiel? ______________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

6. What was otherwise happening in the Near Eastern world in

the tenth year, in the tenth month on the twelfth day? _________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

7. What are the meaning, connotation and significance of the

phrase, “Son of man?” Aren’t we all sons of men? In what

special ways was Ezekiel a “Son of man?” _________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________



66

8. Who else in the Bible is known as “Son of man?” _________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

9. What did Egypt do or not do that caused God to be hostile

toward Egypt? _______________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

10. List as many interactions, relationships as you can between

Israel and Egypt beginning with Joseph and ending with the

Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem. _______________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

11. The ______________ ______________ of ______________

was protected by ________________ _________________ and

____________, its ______________ were not ______________

and the ____________ ____________ was the ______________

of ______________ ______________, but this was rather easily

______________. (McGee)



67

12. By way of historical background, what information does The

Pulpit Commentary provide regarding Egypt, Judah and

Babylon? ___________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

13. What does it mean for God to be against a person, a nation,

etc.? _______________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

14. Why did Israel have a tendency to rely on Egypt in times of

need? What were the results of this reliance on Egypt? _______

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

15. What is the meaning, significance of calling Pharaoh a

monster, crocodile? Why was this an appropriate description of

Pharaoh? ____________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________



68

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

16. Pharaoh Hophra claimed, “The Nile is mine; I made it for

myself.” Why did Pharaoh Hopha make this claim and why did

God take exception to this claim? ________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

17. This ______________, ______________, ______________,

would be ____________, ____________ by the ___________’s

______________ and ______________.

18. The ___________, ___________ represents ____________,

the ___________ represents all ___________, the ___________

in the ______________ represent either the ______________ of

___________, or, more likely, ______________’s ___________

___________.

19. Coffman suggested the “________________” represents the

________________, ______________, and ______________ of

________________ who would share in ________________’s

________________ and ______________.

20. According to Coffman, why did these terrible punishments

come upon Egypt? ____________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________



69

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

21. What happened to Pharaoh Hophra? Who was Amasis? ___

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

22. _________ caught __________ by __________ a ________

___________ with _____________’s _____________.

23. ______________ _____________ would be _____________

and his _______________ would be left in the _____________

(_______________) along with here called _____________.

(See Smith.)

24. _____________ _____________ sought _____________ in

_____________ (______________) ______________ where he

was afterwards taken _______________, and ______________

by the _____________, _____________. (Clarke)

25. The _____________ of the _______________ representing

the _______________ was to become _____________ for the

____________ of the _____________ and the ____________ of

the ______________, a common ____________ ____________

______________ description of a ______________ without

______________. (See Hamilton.) This is an expression of a

______________ _____________ _____________.



70

26. How would Pharaoh’s misfortunes cause all who lived in

Egypt to know that Yahweh is Lord? _____________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

27. What is meant by comparing Egypt to “a staff or reed?”

What had Egypt done to deserve such a designation? _________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

28. The meaning of verse 7 is that ___________ ___________’s

______________ ______________ to _________________ on

___________ they got ___________. Because of ___________

____________’s ____________ to do as he had ____________,

______________ and ______________ ______________.

29. ________________ repeatedly emphasized that what he was

saying was the __________ ___________ of the ____________

_____________!

30. What should today’s preachers and teachers learn from what

is said in Ezekiel 29:8? ________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________



71

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

31. When did Egypt become a desolate wasteland, a ruin and a

waste from north to south? Date the forty years of Egypt’s

desolation. __________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

32. When and where were the Egyptians dispersed among the

nations? Give details about this dispersion. ________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

33. How many times in this chapter did Ezekiel tell his listeners

he was speaking what the Sovereign Lord said? Why was this

so very important? ____________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________



72

34. Locate lower and upper Egypt. At the end of forty years

God would return the Egyptian exiles to upper Egypt. Why did

God return them to upper Egypt? _________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

35. Ezekiel said Egypt would be the lowliest of kingdoms.

Show historically that this prophecy was fulfilled literally. ____

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

36. Why should Israel not have sought Egypt’s help against

Babylon? ___________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

37. What was the goal of the Sovereign Lord’s interventions in

the affairs of men? ____________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________



73

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

38. Are the oracles pertaining to Egypt listed in chronological

order in Ezekiel 29-32? Give reasons for your answer.

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

39. The oracle beginning in Ezekiel 29:17 was dated to New

Year’s Day in the twenty-seventh year of what? _____________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

40. Was this oracle given on January 1? Explain. If not, on our

calendar, when was this oracle given? _____________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

41. Nebuchadnezzar’s campaign against Tyre was difficult. In

what ways was it difficult? In what ways was it a success? In

what ways was it a failure? _____________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________



74

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

42. How was every head rubbed bare and every shoulder made

raw? _______________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

43. What is meant by “reward” in 29:18? Where did

Nebuchadnezzar get his reward? Why couldn’t he get his

reward from Tyre? ____________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

44. Why was Nebuchadnezzar unable to get his reward from

Tyre; that is, what may Tyre have done to keep its wealth from

confiscation by Nebuchadnezzar? ________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________



75

45. What did Nebuchadnezzar do with the reward? __________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

46. How could a wicked, violent man like Nebuchadnezzar be

called “a servant of God”? ______________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

47. God works in the affairs of men. Give historical events

which you believe are examples of God’s intervention in the

affairs of men. _______________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

48. As used in 29:21, define “horn.” ______________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________



76

49. All who would ______________ or ______________ in

__________ __________ must be ____________ __________

to __________ the __________ _________ of the __________.

50. Jehovah wants all the people of the earth to know he is the

Sovereign Lord. What can you do to lead more people to know

Jehovah is indeed the Sovereign Lord? ____________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

A Prophecy Against Egypt - Bible Study Workshopbiblestudyworkshop.com/download/old/ezekiel/Ezekiel 29.pdf · B. Ezekiel 30:20, In the eleventh year, in the first month, on the seventh

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