A Project report on agricultural sector of Manipur

APROJECT REPORT

ONMANIPUR AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

SUBMITTED BY:

NAOREM DIANA DEVI

(11112366)

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

INTRODUCTION

Manipur lies between 23.83 degree and 25.68 degree north

latitude and 93.03 degree and 94.78 degree east, longitude

The varieties of flora and the plant life thriving here has

earned the top 10 bio-diversity hot spots in the world.

Treasure house of exotic plants and flowers flourish as it

lies to the extension of himalyan hills in the extreme north

east of the country with south asian influence.

Agriculture is the backbone of the economy in the state.

Around 76% of the population in Manipur is engaged in

agriculture.

GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES

• Shaped like a bowl it is

surrounded with hills on all

sides the valley with the valley

in the middle.

• The altitude ranges from 40m

at Jiribam to as high as

2,994m at Iso Peak near Mao

above sea level.

• The valley comprises of 1843

sq kilometers (10%)and the

remaining hills cover around

20,484 sq kilometers(90%).

. T H E L O K T A K L A K E I S A N I M P O R T A N T G E O G R A P H I C F E A T U R E O F T H E C E N T R A L P L A I N A R E A . T H E T O T A L

A R E A O C C U P I E D B Y A L L T H E L A K E S I S A B O U T 6 0 0 S Q . K M .

The soil cover can be divided into two broad types,

viz. the red ferrogenous soil in the hill area and the

alluvium in the valley.

Organic farming is the most sought-after practice in

the hill areas. Pineapple, passion fruit , mushroom,

ginger naturally grows.

Various processed preparations of pineapple,

passion fruit, bamboo shoot, mushroom and ginger

have attracted wide markets outside the State.

The main agricultural produce include paddy,

mustard, maroi nakuppi, ginger and turmeric; fruits

such as orange, passion fruit lemon, plum,

pineapple,and vegetables like peas, cauliflower,

cabbage, tomato, carrot, and pumpkin.

MUSHROOM CULTIVATION IN MANIPUR

In Manipur mushrooms have been a part of dietrary habits

for their flavour and higher food value since ages.

Some varieties are used for medicinal purpose with high

economic value for treatment of asthma,anaemic and

lactating women.

Some naturally occurring edible mushrooms found in

Manipur are:-

1. Lantinus edodes (uyen)

2. Auricularia auricula (uchina)

3. Schizophylum commune (kanglaiyen)

4. Volvariela valvacae (charuyen)

5. Tricholoma giganteum (khongnang chengum)

6. Pleurotus sepidus

The project work on mushroom cultivation was

taken on cultivation of Pleurotus spp. with the

following work programmed :

•Preparation of culture media.

•Preparation of pure media mother culture.

•Cultivation of spawn from mother culture.

•Cultivation of Pleurotus species.

•Management of insect pest and diseases if any

CAT FISH FARMING

• Cat Fish(Clarias magur) farming is among the fastest growing segments of agriculture in Manipur .

• Manipur valley is abundant wetlands the fish farming is increasing with the availability of right nature of water and land resources.

• Clarias magur is a fresh water breeding highly threatened by exploitation.

• It has brought substantial socio economic benefits such as increased nutritional level,income,employment and earning foreign exchange.

• Clarius magur is one of the most important species in Asia.

• Most commonly reared in the ponds around the areas of Uchekon,Imphal west district and areas of Moirang and Thoubal with ease of road transportation to Ima keithel at the capital city.

• This fish is highly regarded for food due to its high protein (15.0%), low fat (1.0%) and high iron content (710mg/100g tissue).

Under favourable conditions Ngakra (Clarias magur)

is expected to attain weight upto 130gm in six

months of growing period.

Ngakra(Clarius magur) can be artificially fed

In Manipur Ngakra has a market value of

350-600/kg about US$4-7/kg with insufficient supply

for the consumers.

In Manipur partly improve swamp and ponds can be

used for growing the species.

Stocking density @60-100 fingerlings per square

metre(6-10 lakhs/ha).

CULTIVATION OF MAROI NAKUPPI(ALLIUM ODORUM )

Maroi nakupi is a kind of leek, (looks like a

grass )growing about 15 to 25 cm height, leaves are green,

narrowly linear, flattish, 3 to 6 mm wide.

It is an important perennial, draught resistant, fast

growing, quickest income generating spice

Maroi nakupi a cholesterol free spice / vegetable have

been using in different forms as a spice/ vegetable or as

medicinal herb and widely used in various dishes in

Oriental cooking in South Asian Countries..

From scientific studies it is reportedly known that this

spice comprise morevitamin A than any other Alliaceae

family member spices and help human body to protect

from lung and oral cavity cancers.

IMPROVED FARMING PRACTICES OF MAROI

NAKUPPI

Due to adoption of new farming technologies and

creation of modern infrastructures the yields have been

enhanced considerably from the traditional system of

farming.

The yield per acre (4046 sq.mtr area) is around 1280

bundles equivalent to 1920 – 2304 kgs .

The gross income from one acre of land is around

Rs.30,720 per month.

The net income earned per month is Rs.24,000 during

summer and Rs.15,000-18,000 during winter.

Although, this spice is abundantly available in Manipur,

it is either very rare or not available in the mainland

markets of the country.

CULTIVATION OF PASSION FRUIT IN MANIPUR

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is round to oval,

yellow or dark purple when it becomes ripe.

The passion fruit is grown in most of the gardens in

Mao-Maram and Poumai Naga dominated areas since

1970s.

The juice but mainly the leaves of passion fruit

contain the alkaloids, including Harman, which has

blood pressure lowering, sedative and antispasmodic

action.

The flower of passion fruit has a mild sedative and

can help to induce sleep and is sometimes used as a

mild hallucinogen.

Passion fruit is mostly cultivated in Senapati District,

Manipur

In Senapati district, about 100 sq. km comes under

passion fruit cultivation and it is available to export to

other States of India and abroad.

The soil moisture and cool climatic condition is quite

suitable in Senapati District, but still the farmers need to

explore for commercial cultivation.

The potentiality of commercial cultivation in India is still

untapped till today in many states in India.

However due to non availability of the marketing

facilities and traders, it is locally consumed and farmers

faces heavy loss.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

According to an official source the Planning

Commission has calculated that with an increase

growth rate of just 5.9%, Manipur has lowest economy

growth among the NE State during the 11th Five Year

Plan.

Recent study conducted in hill districts of Manipur

reveal that growers have been facing the problem of

low remunerative prices and transportation problem.

Reveal that growers have been facing the problem of

low remunerative prices and transportation problem.

Since the ratio of valley to hill areas is 1:10, the average

operational holding of land valley areas has been

decreasing due to Infrastructure Development, Global

Warming and Population Explosion etc

In order to exploit it, the arable cropped area with

assured irrigation facility can both be Intensified and

Diversified.

The traditional Shifting Cultivation Method must be

replaced by the technically feasible method like the

Contour Sowing and Terracing to minimize the

enviromental degradation.

The agricultural product price of Manipur is higher than

the price of other non local products.

Water-Harvesting Technique at the farm-sites;

Systems of Rice Intensification; Cultivation of Arobic

Rice etc can also be introduced to the farmers.

The percentage contribution of area, yield and their

interaction effect of Churachandpur and Senapati

district has been remarkable.

The study shows that district with high growth rate

exhibits high instability.

A study conducted on the Problems of Bamboo

Cultivation in Tamenglong Districts of Manipur

indicates that Bamboo flowering; land-tenure ship;

low-remunerative prices; and transportation are the

main problems giving hindrance to the bamboo

growers of the districts.

Scientists and other researchers must produce HYVs

for hilly areas and provide the same to farmers.

Practical model of water-harvesting and micro-

irrigation-technique along the Contours and farm-site

must be provided.

The best model which can be recommended for the

hilly region is the Three-Tier-System where-in Silvi-

Horti-Agri. Farming System.

Agricultural Extension Services need to be

strengthened so as to improve the transfer of

technology to both the skilled & unskilled farmers

Agri-Clinics & Agri-Business, Kishan-Call-Centres and

Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) for

the transfer of technology or dissemination particularly

at district level must be implemented .

Being a sensitive area close to the international border

General Strike, blockade, public curfew etc are regular

phenomenon during the working days.

The agricultural product price of Manipur is higher

than the price of other non local products

) There is a wide gap between the physical achievement

and the financial achievement in the agricultural sector

In a plan economy the problems of agriculture are

tried to be overcome by the use of irrigation facilities.

proper facilities for marketing, so that risks and

uncertainties due to abnormal situations might not

upset the farmers.