A presentation on sastras

Ancient and modern view

SASTRA

By Dr. Rupesh

Ekkaluri

Pg scholarDepatment of salya tantra

s.v.ayurvedic medical collage, tirupathi

Under the guidence of Dr. M.Bhaskar rao garu MD,PhD.Professor ,salyatantra,s.v. ayurvedic medical college .

DEFINITION:

The surgical procedures are of 8 types . They are

chedyam –excision, bhedyam- incision , lekhyam- scrapping , vedhyam – puncturing ,eshyam –probbing, aaharyam –extraction, visravyam – drainage and seevyam –suturing . The instruments which are helpful in performing the above procedures are called “ SASTRAS”.

(su.su. 5/5)

SASTRA KARMA

(CH.Chi.25/55)Acharya Charka mentioned 6 types of sastra karmas

1.Paatanam2.Vyadhanam3.Chedanam4.Lepanam5.Pracchanam6.seevanam

SASTRAKARMA

(AH.SU.26/28)

acharya Vagbhata in astanga hridaya sutra sthana told 13 sastra karmas .They are1.Utpathana 7.Kuttana 13.Dahana2.Patana 8.Chedana3.Sivana 9.bhedana4.Eshana 10.vedhana5.Lekhana 11.Mandhana6.pachana 12.grahana

CLASSIFICATION OF SASTRA

SASTRA

•Susruta :20•Vagbhata:26

ANUSASTRA

•Susruta:14•Vagbhata:12

CLASSIFICATION AND NUMBER

(SU.SU.8/3)

CLASSIFICATION OF SASTRA BASED ON KARMA

s.no Karma Name of instrument

1 Chedana &lekhana Mandalagra,karapatra

2 Chedana &bhedana Vriddipatra,nakhasastra,Ardhadhara,mudrika, utpalapatra

3 vedhana Vetasapatra, aara, kutarika, vreehimukha.

4 Aharana Badisa, danta sanku

5 Eshana Eshani

6 Visravana Remaining sastra

SASTRA NIRMANA

(SU .SU.8/19)

The intelligent physician should get the instruments manufactured from Pure and strong ,hard iron(steel) by a black smith who has expertise and skill in his work.

GUNA OF SASTRA(SU.SU. 8/8)

1. The sastra should be handy,2. ……………………………….made of good metal,3. …………………………………possess sharp edges,4. …………………………………good looking,5. The business end should be fine and of appropriate size,6. They should not be serrated.

The prasastha guna of sastra

SASTRA DOSHA

(SU.SU.8/9)Sastra dosas are 8. they are S.N

oDosha meaning

1 Vakram Crooked or bent 2 Kuntam Blunt3 Khandam Broken4 Khara dharam Hard5 Ati sthulam Very thick6 Atyalpam Very thin ,small7 Ati dheergam Very long 8 Ati hrasvam Very short

1.So instruments with opposite qualities should be used 2.Except karapatra sastra because its edge should be hard and rough to cut bones

DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF DIFFERENT

TYPES OF SASTRAS

MANDALAGRA SASTRA

Ref: astanga hridayam .su . 26

Vagbhata describes shape of the blade of mandalagra sastra like index finger when its nail points towards the palm of the hand .

USE : Chedana and lekhana

MANDALAGRA SASTRA

ROUND KNIFE

USE : TYMPHANOPLASTY

VRIDDHI PATRA SASTRA

(REF : AH su 25/6)

1. it is shaped like barbers knife 2.Used for CHEDANA ,BHEDANA , PAATANA3.in unnata sopha (elevated swelling )- it should be straight in gambheera sopha (deep swellings)- it should be curved at back

VRIDDHI PATRA SASTRA

1) IT RESEMBLES LIKE A MEDICINAL PLANT ….VRIDDHI

2) SUSRUTA USES VRIDDIPATRA SASTRA FOR THE REMOVAL OF SCROTAL TUMOR

BISTUARY (surgical rajor)

KARAPATRA SASTRA

(REF: AH SU 25 /16)

1. Meant for sawing bone 2. Should have serrated margin with fine teeth3. Having length 10 angulas width 2 angulas

KARAPATRA SASTRA

1. Sursruta mentions its length as 6 angulas Vagbhata …………………………….10 angulas Bhoja …………………………………..12 angulas

SURGICAL SAW (amputation saw )

SURGICAL SAW

SURGICAL SAW(BONE CUTTER)

NAKHA SASTRA

(REF: AH SU .25 /18)

1.Has curved or straight edge and two faces2.Length of 9 angulas 3 .meant for CHEDANA ,BHEDANA , PRACHANA, LEKHANA4.Extraction of small SHALYAS

NAKHA SASTRA

1. SUSRUTA mention its length to be 8 angulas2. has one straight edge and one oblique edge

SURGICAL NAIL PARER

ANGULI SASTRA

( AH SU . 26/13-15)

1.The anguli sastra or mudrika sastra is like a ring.2. Having blade length of 0.5 angulas . 3.Its function is similar to vriddhipatra and mandalagra.4. It should be worn at the inter phalangeal joint of index finger and secured to the surgeon with a thread .

5.Used for excising and incising lesions inside the throat .

ANGULI OR MUDRIKA SASTRA

FINGER KNIFE

UTPALAPATRA

(AH.SU.26/7)

1 . having two edges long edge and short edge 2.Used for chedana and lekhana

DOUBLE EDGED SCALPEL

ARDHADARA SASTRA-lancet

1.Its difficult to ascertain the exact shape of this sastra .2.Some translate it as a “single edged knife”.3.Dalhana explains it as an instrument which has a sharp edge for half of the length.4 Length : 8 angulas – blade 2 angula , handle 6 angula.5 Width : 1 angula.

SUCHI SASTRA

(AH.SU.26/20-21)

According to length suchi sastra is of THREE types

•Vritta In shape•Used in fleshy parts like thigh3 angula

•Used for less fleshy parts•wounds2 angula

•Suchi is like a bow •Used in suturing of pakvasaya , amasaya and marma

2.5angulas

SUCHI SASTRA

SURGICAL NEEDLE

KUSAPATRA SASTRA

(AH.SU.26/10)

1. It is a form of knife resembling in shape of the leaf of a kusa grass2. According to Susruta the length of blade is 6 angulas Vagbhata………………………………...2 angulas

Use : its used to drain pus from abscess

KUSAPATRA SASTRA

Chakra dutta and Yogaratnakara used kusa patra sastra to treat tumors in the neck

DOUBLE EDGED SCALPEL

AUTIMUKHA SASTRA

(NIBANDHA SAMGRAHA .SU.8 CH)

1.The instrument is like the jalavardhini bird or aati(Turdus ginginiamus)- a bird living in marshus2.Length of the insrument is 7 angula and circular in shape

SARARIMUKHA SASTRA

(SU .SU. 8 )

1.The instrument is like a pair of scissors resembling the face of the long beaked bird called SARARI2.According to Susruta length of sarari is 10 angula Vagbhata………………………..12 angula3. Instrument resembles like kartari4.It is recommended to be used for evacuating abscess

SARARIMUKHA SASTRA – SCISSORS

ANTARMUKHA SASTRA

(AH.SU.26/10)

1.Vagbhata describes a variety called ardhachandraanan( half –moon faced) scissors in which the blades are curved like the half moon .

2. Has the length of eight angula – blade measuring half anguli.

3. This is to be used to drain abscess

TRIKURCHIKA

(NIBHANDA SANGRAHA SU ch8)

1. Instrument consisting of three needles fixed to a wooden handle .2. According to Susrutha the length of the instrument is 8 angulas blade 3 angula handle 5 angula 3.USE : a) Evacuating abscess b)Draining blood from nasal polyps

TRIKURCHIKA –METAL BRUSH

USE: cleaning lap instruments , suction tubes

KUTARIKA SASTRA

(AH.SU.26/12)1.Small instrument shaped like an axe 2. The blade is like tooth of a cow it has width of one anguli3.USE: VENESECTION OF VEINS SITUATED ON BONES

KUTHARIKA - SURGICAL AXE

VRIHIMUKHA SASTRA

(AH.SU.26/11)

1. It is described as a type of trocar , the sharp end is shaped like a grain of paddy2.Length is of 1 ½ angula 3.USE : advised to be used for parasentesis in udara roga

VRIHIMUKHA SASTRA -TROCAR

DISPOSABLE TROCARS

ARASASTRA

(AH.SU.26/25-26)1. ARA is a quadrangular rod ,with a conical sharp tip of ½ angula.2. Used for verifying ripeness of abscess puncturing thick ear lobe

ARA SASTRA - AWL

ARA SASTRA - AWL

VETASAPATRA

(REF ; AH su 25/9)

Use : vyadhana

Length :2 angulas

VETASAPATRA SASTRA

VETASAPATRA SASTRA-SCALPEL

BADISA SASTRA

(AH.SU.26/16)

1.It is a hook with properly bent tip.2.USE: meant for holding suntika (tonsils) arma (pterigium)

BADISA SASTRA – SHARP HOOK

DANTA SANKU /DANTALEKHANA

(AH.SU.26/19)

1. Dental lancet has four angles fused at the tip to one sharp end. 2. Meant for scaling teeth in case of danta sarkara(tartar of teeth).

DANTASANKU- TOOTH SCRAPPER

ESHANI

(AH.SU.26/8)Its of two types:1. One is having smooth body with round tip like earth worm . used for exploring sinuses2.It should have smooth tip shaped like needle with a slit at its root. used for bhedana(incision)

ESHANI – SHARP PROBE

ANUSASTRAS

ANUSASTRAS

s.no

Sanskrit name english name

1 Twaksara Bamboo2 Sphatika Rock salt3 Kaacha Glass pieces4 Kuruvinda Corundum stone 5 Jalauka Leech6 Agni Fire7 Kshara Caustic Alkali8 Nakha Nail9 Leaves of JOGI Gojihva1o Sephalika -11 Saka -

S.no Sanskrit name English name

12 Karira -

13 Bala Hair

14 Anguli Fingers

SASTRA PAYANAM

SASTRA PAYANA

Sastra payana is of 3 types.(SU.SU.8/12)

S.NO NAME MATERIAL USED

USES

1 Kshara Alkali Excision of arrows, foreign bodies

2 Jala Water Excision, incision, splitting of muscles

3 Taila oil Puncturing of vessels and for excision of nerves

SASTRA DHARA

SASTRA DHARA

(SU.SU.8/10)

S.no Size of Dhara Karma of sastra

1 Masura (pulse) Bhedana (incising instruments)

2 Ardha masuri(half lentil)

Lekhana(scrapping instruments)

3 Kousiki (hair) Vyadhana,visravana(puncturing and draining instruments )

4 Ardha kousiki(half hair)

Chedana (instruments using for excision

SASTRA NISANA &

DHARASAMSTHAPANA

SASTRA NISANA & DHARA SAMSTHAPANA

(SU.SU.8/13)

1.For sharpening of the instruments a smooth stone of the color of masha should be used.

2.For maintaing sharpness shalmali phalaka should be used.

THHANK YOU