A presentation on e commerece

COMPUTER : It is an electronic device which stores, reads and process

data and meaningful result.

Topics for discussion Generation 1(1940-1956 ); Vacuum tubes

Generation 2 (1956-1963); Transistor

Generation 3 (1965-1971); Integrated circuit

Generation 4 (1971 onwards); Microprocessor

Generation 5 (1990 –present); Artificial intelligence

First Generation (1940’s): The vacuum tubes were used in the circuits of these

computers.

The input and output operations were done using punched card technology.

For external storage, magnetic tapes were used.

The machine was capable to do one job at a time.

Use a great deal of electricity.

Generated a lot of heat.

Occupied a large amount of space.

The language used by these computers was machine

language and assembly language.

Example of Computers: UNIVAC,ENIAC

ENIVAC

Second Generation (1956’s): Transistors were used in the circuits. The input operations were performed using punched cards

and magnetic tapes and for output operations, punched cards and papers were used.

For external storage magnetic tapes were used. Energy efficient and more reliable than first generation. The orientation was towards multiple users i.e. the machine

was capable to process multiple tasks concurrently. The high level languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC etc.

were used as the languages by the computer. Example of Computers: IBM 1400 and 7000 series, General

Electric 635 etc.

Transistors

Third Generation (1965’s): Integrated circuits replaced transistors. In spite of their

smaller size they were capable to perform better thantransistors.

For data input and output operations monitors andkeyboards replaced the punched cards.

For external storage magnetic disks were used. Sophisticated operating systems, which were capable of

handling several jobs concurrently were used. More advanced high level languages like PASCAL were

used. Example of computers: IBM System

Fourth Generation (1971’s): The circuits used VLSI and microprocessors of virtually

microscopic size, which led to drastic cut on the size of computer.

The input output devices were the same monitors, keyboard, printer etc.

Micro computers have evolved. Magnetic disks were the primary devices used for external

storage. The use of special software for maintaining large data

bases became popular. The application software for micro computer essentially

became popular in this generation. Example of computers: IBM Systems

Fifth Generation (late 1990’s): The computers of this generation use optic fiber

technology to handle Artificial Intelligence.

These computers have capacity to think and reason which can be used to solve problems where human intelligence is required.

Expert Systems are examples of systems implementing

Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Example voice recognition .

CONCLUSION: Computer from 1st- 5th is that it makes it easier to find

information and faster to find it and also that they are more efficient, then they used to be .

References www.google.com

www.computerhistory.org/

Computer Fundamentals (I.T)