Abstract— Synthesized yields of zeolite generated from coal fly ash found in various coal-fired power plants are being utilized as recycling material for catalytic conversion of industrial plastic wastes to synthetic fuel oils, uptake of petroleum hydrocarbons and sequestration of carbon dioxide. Several underlying factors that influence the generation of zeolite are being numerically investigated to explore the path architecture towards optimization of zeolite biomass. This study aimed to explore various path models based on application of zeolites. Model development processes were used for path explorations and further supported by linear algebra. Derivation of degradation kinetics was developed to obtain an equation for the acquisition liquid % yield of gasoline and diesel. Monte Carlo method was developed for the determination of collision probability. Concentration profile was derived for unsteady-state molecular diffusion. Thus, exploratory factor analysis by theoretical establishment of model development processes can be quantitatively derived by synthesis of numerical paradigms. Index Terms—biosequestration, catalyst, fuel, mass transfer. I. INTRODUCTION Coal has various essential utilizations for global applications. Steel production, electricity generation and cement manufacturing are the major important coal purposes. In reference with World Coal Association, an estimate of 7.6 billion tons of coal was globally utilized involving 1 billion tons of brown coal. Since 2000, utilization of coal worldwide has increased rapidly compared to other fuels. Seventy-six percent (76%) of total coal consumption worldwide were accounted to five (5) countries, namely, China, USA, India, Russia and Japan regarded as biggest coal consumers. In 2009, 68.56% of electricity production from coal origins had sourced from India. Being utilized as a fuel, coal regards to all coal types including brown coal of both primary, such as hard coal and lignite-brown coal, and derived, such as patent fuel, gas coke, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, and coke oven coke, sources. Coal of low quality with high ash result leads in large amounts of fly and bottom ash yields with different features upon coal-fired power plants consumption. Indian power plants utilize its coal that has a general high ash yield of 35-45% and regarded to be of poor quality [1]. Last 2012, the self-sufficiency rate of energy in Japan has decreased to 6.0% subsequent to ceased nuclear power plants due to Great East Japan Earthquake and large tsunami, Z. M. Llarena is a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering student at De La Salle University Manila, Philippines (e-mail: [email protected]). Z. M. Llarena was a former Assistant Professor and Program Chair in Pharmacy colleges and universities in the Philippines (e-mail: [email protected]). Z. M. Llarena is currently working on environmental catalysis. leading to an increment in the importation of fossil fuels as alternate options to nuclear energy. Coal has been re-assessed in this event as a significant power supply of base-load due to its economical price per unit of heat energy occurring in all fossil fuels [2]. During 2015, an estimation of more than 580 million tons of fly ash from China coal-fired power plants was produced yearly being accounted to a worldwide yield of greater than 50%. The fly ash disposal became a grave issue due to generation of large quantities of toxic secondary result of coal combustion [3]. Seventy-one (71) million tons of fly ash are being generated yearly in the United States from coal power plants, however, only 45% is being recycled in various utilizations. Different applications described are utilized as polymer fillers, cement-like materials, Portland cement substitute, stabilizing agent, wastewater treatment and asphalt [4]. Affordable power generation with unreliable conformity to fossil fuels following its energy matrix would permit South American countries for fixed-cost reduction and provide a chance for new market entries. In previous years, traditional and non-traditional renewable energies as an integral part of their energy matrix were formed with huge attempts in Chile. As an important attribute, Chile is responsible for native and forest plantations of more than 15 million hectares with an average produce of 20-40 m 3 /ha/y. Woody residues amounting to almost 4 million tons per year equivalent to 14,000 GWh/y are being generated from forestry pursuits. Replacement of the demand for internal coal as an essential portion for these residues for generation of electricity in coal-fired systems results to an energy matrix that is more sustainable [5]. Subsequent to China, Europe is regarded as the second polymeric producer responsible for the total production of 20.4% worldwide. In 2012, its worldwide utilization resulted to 288 million tonnes, with an augmenting record of 2.8% in comparison with 2011 production, and broadly, in the last 5 decades, the polymeric industry has increased constantly with an outcome of increasing amount of plastic wastes. The amount of polymeric wastes delivered annually to landfill is declining due to positive slope in plastic recovery among its post-consumers. The positive trend is accounted to 61.9% of polymer recovery, 35.6% were utilized for energy recovery and 26.3% were used to polymeric recycling. Although the recycling polymeric rate is still at minimum levels [6]. In the current setting, it is very crucial to recycle/recover/manage polymeric solid waste (PSW) materials. Polymeric manufacturing is a point of interest and gaining popularity among industries, in which plastics are being generated for various products. Polymers have evolved into an essential human need and its worldwide generation has largely augmented within the past 5 decades. A Path Exploratory Model on Novel Tactical Synthesis: Paradigmatic Theories on Zeolite Applications Z. Llarena 4th Int'l Conference on Chemical, Materials, Mining and Manufacturing Engineering (CM3E-17) Aug. 3-4, 2017 Pattaya (Thailand) https://doi.org/10.17758/URUAE.IAE0817202 71
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Abstract— Synthesized yields of zeolite generated from coal fly ash
found in various coal-fired power plants are being utilized as
recycling material for catalytic conversion of industrial plastic
wastes to synthetic fuel oils, uptake of petroleum hydrocarbons and
sequestration of carbon dioxide. Several underlying factors that
influence the generation of zeolite are being numerically
investigated to explore the path architecture towards optimization of
zeolite biomass. This study aimed to explore various path models
based on application of zeolites. Model development processes were
used for path explorations and further supported by linear algebra.
Derivation of degradation kinetics was developed to obtain an
equation for the acquisition liquid % yield of gasoline and diesel.
Monte Carlo method was developed for the determination of
collision probability. Concentration profile was derived for
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[11] S. Banerjee, G.C. Sharma, M.C. Chattopadhyaya, Y.C. Sharma. (2014). Kinetic and equilibrium modeling for the adsorptive removal
of methylene blue from aqueous solutions on of activated fly ash
(AFSH), Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2, 1870-1880.
[12] L. Ji, H. Yu, X. Wang, M. Grigore, D. French, Y. Gozukara, J. Yu, M. Zeng. (2017). CO2 sequestration by direct mineralisation using fly ash
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Z. Llarena was born in Manila, Philippines. The
author finished his BS Pharmacy degree at the
University of Santo Tomas and graduated his MS Pharmacy Major in Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the
University of the Philippines Manila. He is currently
enrolled at De La Salle University to finish PhD in Chemical Engineering.
He used to work both in the pharmaceutical industry and academe as
Assistant Professor and Program Chair of the Pharmacy Department in colleges and universities in the Philippines. He had done several papers on
pharmaceutical sciences and environmental engineering. He is currently
interested to work on environmental catalysis.
Author’s formal photo
4th Int'l Conference on Chemical, Materials, Mining and Manufacturing Engineering (CM3E-17) Aug. 3-4, 2017 Pattaya (Thailand)