LINKED DATA ONTOLOGIES APPLICATIONS (AT STKO) HOW L INKED DATA AND S EMANTIC WEB T ECHNOLOGIES F OSTER THE P UBLICATION,RETRIEVAL ,REUSE , AND I NTEGRATION OF DATA ANON-TECHNICAL,EXAMPLE-DRIVEN I NTRODUCTION Krzysztof Janowicz, Grant McKenzie, and Yingjie Hu STKO Lab University of California, Santa Barbara, USA UCSB Library, April 2014 AN EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA JANOWICZ,MCKENZIE, AND HU
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A Non-Technical, Example-Driven Introduction to Linked Data
How Linked Data and Semantic Web Technologies Foster the Publication, Retrieval, Reuse, and Integration of Data. A Non-Technical, Example-Driven Introduction to Linked Data for the UCSB Library.
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LINKED DATA ONTOLOGIES APPLICATIONS (AT STKO)
HOW LINKED DATA AND SEMANTIC WEB
TECHNOLOGIES FOSTER THE
PUBLICATION, RETRIEVAL, REUSE, AND
INTEGRATION OF DATA
A NON-TECHNICAL, EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION
Krzysztof Janowicz, Grant McKenzie, and Yingjie HuSTKO Lab
University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
UCSB Library, April 2014
AN EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA JANOWICZ, MCKENZIE, AND HU
LINKED DATA ONTOLOGIES APPLICATIONS (AT STKO)
WHAT IS LINKED DATA?
LINKING DATA AS NEXT-GENERATION INFRASTRUCTURE
Data SilosWeb servicesDatabasesWeb pages
hinder ad-hoc combinationenforce data modelslimit re-usability
AN EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA JANOWICZ, MCKENZIE, AND HU
LINKED DATA ONTOLOGIES APPLICATIONS (AT STKO)
FROM DOCUMENTS TO DATA
FROM LINKED DOCUMENTS TO LINKED DATA
Use Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) to identify entities, link them to otherentities, encode information about these entities using themachine-understandable RDF, and make them available on the Web.
AN EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA JANOWICZ, MCKENZIE, AND HU
LINKED DATA ONTOLOGIES APPLICATIONS (AT STKO)
FROM DOCUMENTS TO DATA
BERNERS-LEE’S LINKED DATA PRINCIPLES AND STARS
Four Rules for Linked DataUse URIs as names for things
Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names.
When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using the standards(RDF*, SPARQL)
Include links to other URIs. so that they can discover more things.
Is your Linked Open Data 5 Star?? Available on the web (whatever format) but with an open licence, to be Open Data
?? Available as machine-readable structured data (e.g. excel instead of imagescan of a table)
? ? ? as (2) plus non-proprietary format (e.g. CSV instead of excel)
? ? ?? All the above plus, Use open standards from W3C (RDF and SPARQL) toidentify things, so that people can point at your stuff
? ? ? ? ? All the above, plus: Link your data to other people’s data to providecontext
See http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
AN EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA JANOWICZ, MCKENZIE, AND HU
LegendItem v ∃consistsOf .Symbol t ∃consistsOf .LegendItem (4)
Label v ∃SymbolizedBy .Symbol u ∀SymbolizedBy .Symbol (5)> v≤ 1isLabelFor.> (6)> v≤ 1isLabelOf.> (7)
> v≤ 1SymbolizedBy.> (8)Label v ∃isLabelFor .FeatureType (9)
Label u Symbol v ⊥ (also for Symbol, Label, FeatureType, LegendItem) (10)SymbolizedBy− ◦ isLabelFor v depictedBy− (11)
¬∃consistsOf− v Legend (12). . . (13)
AN EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA JANOWICZ, MCKENZIE, AND HU
LINKED DATA ONTOLOGIES APPLICATIONS (AT STKO)
SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY
WHY NOT JUST STANDARDIZE MEANING? (CITY OR TOWN?)
AN EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA JANOWICZ, MCKENZIE, AND HU
LINKED DATA ONTOLOGIES APPLICATIONS (AT STKO)
SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY
WHY NOT JUST STANDARDIZE MEANING? (CITY OR TOWN?)
California:City ≡ Town
Utah:Town ≡< (population,1000)
Pennsylvania:Town ≡ {Bloomsburg}
AN EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA JANOWICZ, MCKENZIE, AND HU
LINKED DATA ONTOLOGIES APPLICATIONS (AT STKO)
SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY
SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY – MEANINGFUL LINKS
Unfortunately, our data sources useexactly the same terminology (e.g.,connection) to talk about totally differentand contradicting facts (e.g., separation)
While we can still syntactically integrateand reuse information, the results may bemisleading or even meaningless
We need heterogeneity preserving semantic interoperability methods
AN EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA JANOWICZ, MCKENZIE, AND HU
LINKED DATA ONTOLOGIES APPLICATIONS (AT STKO)
SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY
SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY – MEANINGFUL LINKS
Unfortunately, our data sources useexactly the same terminology (e.g.,connection) to talk about totally differentand contradicting facts (e.g., separation)
While we can still syntactically integrateand reuse information, the results may bemisleading or even meaningless
We need heterogeneity preserving semantic interoperability methods
AN EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA JANOWICZ, MCKENZIE, AND HU
This fragment of the ontology developed for ArcGIS Online definesthe relations (e.g., isOwnerOf) between items (e.g., map services),users, and user groups.
AN EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA JANOWICZ, MCKENZIE, AND HU
5 Million places merged from multiple authoritative data sources. Containsmultiple alternative (e.g., historic) names, provenance information, 1200geographic feature classes, polygon data, GeoSPARQL endpoint, etc.[Still a lot of work to be done].
AN EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA JANOWICZ, MCKENZIE, AND HU
LINKED DATA ONTOLOGIES APPLICATIONS (AT STKO)
LINKED DATA AND GAZETTEERS
WHY NOT JUST USE GEONAMES?
A SPARQL query for people living near the Gulf of Guinea will return about 7billion! See http://stko.geog.ucsb.edu/location_linked_data for more examples.
AN EXAMPLE-DRIVEN INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA JANOWICZ, MCKENZIE, AND HU