A NEW SPECIES OF LARGE CARPENTER BEE, XYLOCOPA (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE), FROM ARGENTINA 1 Mariano Lucia 2 and Alberto H. Abrahamovich 2 ABSTRACT: The new species Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) atamisquensis is described and illustrated from adult female and male specimens. We designate Predio Isla Verde (28º38'54"S, 64º04'58"W; 120 m), Department Atamisqui in south-central Santiago del Estero province, Argentina, as the type locality. The closest species are X. (N.) mendozana and X. (N.) ordinaria. KEY WORDS: New species, carpenter bee, Apidae, Xylocopa, Argentina Bees of the genus Xylocopa Latreille are robust, hairy bees, with coloration black, blue/green, ferruginous or yellow, well known for their nests made by dig- ging galleries usually within dead wood. These bees are polylectic, and some are economically important as pollinators in natural and agricultural ecosystems. They depend on pollen and nectar for feeding, being adapted both morphologi- cally and ethologically to different plant species (Roubik, 1989; Gerling et al., 1989). Xylocopa includes 31 subgenera with about 470 species, most of them occur- ring in tropical and subtropical areas of the world (Michener, 2007). In the Neotropics, 109 species in 16 subgenera have been recorded in a great variety of habitats (Moure et al., 2007). The subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener is the most numerous and conspicuous, with 49 species distributed in the New World, and it is characterized by the contrast between dark-colored females and the usually yellow or testaceous-colored males (Michener, 2007). Little is known about the species of Xylocopa from Argentina: Moure et al. (2007) cited 25 species, 10 of them of the subgenus Neoxylocopa. In the present paper a new species of Xylocopa is described, illustrated and compared with X. (N.) mendozana and X. (N.) ordinaria, which are considered its closest relatives. The present study is an attempt to contribute to the taxono- my and diversity of Argentinean carpenter bees. METHODS The morphological terminology follows Hurd and Moure (1963) and Michener (2007). In the descriptions S and T are used for metasomal sternum and tergum. All measurements were taken with an ocular micrometer attached to a stereoscopic microscope. For examination with scanning microscope (SEM) Jeol-JSM-6360MV, specimens were mounted on metal studs, coated with gold- Volume 121, Number 3, May and June 2010 243 ______________________________ 1 Received on June 22, 2009. Accepted on July 28, 2009. 2 Laboratorio de Apidología, División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Natur- ales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, s/n 1900 La Plata, Argentina. E-mails: (ML) [email protected], (AHA) [email protected]. Mailed on September 28, 2011
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A NEW SPECIES OF LARGE CARPENTER BEE,XYLOCOPA (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE),
FROM ARGENTINA1
Mariano Lucia2 and Alberto H. Abrahamovich2
ABSTRACT: The new species Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) atamisquensis is described and illustrated
from adult female and male specimens. We designate Predio Isla Verde (28º38'54"S, 64º04'58"W;
120 m), Department Atamisqui in south-central Santiago del Estero province, Argentina, as the type
locality. The closest species are X. (N.) mendozana and X. (N.) ordinaria.
KEY WORDS: New species, carpenter bee, Apidae, Xylocopa, Argentina
Bees of the genus Xylocopa Latreille are robust, hairy bees, with coloration
black, blue/green, ferruginous or yellow, well known for their nests made by dig-
ging galleries usually within dead wood. These bees are polylectic, and some are
economically important as pollinators in natural and agricultural ecosystems.
They depend on pollen and nectar for feeding, being adapted both morphologi-
cally and ethologically to different plant species (Roubik, 1989; Gerling et al.,
1989).
Xylocopa includes 31 subgenera with about 470 species, most of them occur-
ring in tropical and subtropical areas of the world (Michener, 2007). In the
Neotropics, 109 species in 16 subgenera have been recorded in a great variety of
habitats (Moure et al., 2007). The subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener is the most
numerous and conspicuous, with 49 species distributed in the New World, and it
is characterized by the contrast between dark-colored females and the usually
yellow or testaceous-colored males (Michener, 2007). Little is known about the
species of Xylocopa from Argentina: Moure et al. (2007) cited 25 species, 10 of
them of the subgenus Neoxylocopa.
In the present paper a new species of Xylocopa is described, illustrated and
compared with X. (N.) mendozana and X. (N.) ordinaria, which are considered
its closest relatives. The present study is an attempt to contribute to the taxono-
my and diversity of Argentinean carpenter bees.
METHODS
The morphological terminology follows Hurd and Moure (1963) and
Michener (2007). In the descriptions S and T are used for metasomal sternum and
tergum. All measurements were taken with an ocular micrometer attached to a
stereoscopic microscope. For examination with scanning microscope (SEM)
Jeol-JSM-6360MV, specimens were mounted on metal studs, coated with gold-
Volume 121, Number 3, May and June 2010 243
______________________________
1 Received on June 22, 2009. Accepted on July 28, 2009.
2 Laboratorio de Apidología, División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Natur-
ales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, s/n 1900 La Plata, Argentina. E-mails:
pygidial plate triangular with rounded apex and with pair of subapical lateral
spines; medial, longitudinal carina of of the sterna elevated on S3-6.
Male. Length, 21.5 mm-24 mm (Fig. 1, B, D)
Coloration. Integument yellow brown, except for dark-brown coxae, middle
Volume 121, Number 3, May and June 2010 245
Figure 1. Xylocopa atamisquensis, n. sp.: A, C, E, F. Female. A. General view. C. Detailsof head in frontal view. E. Mesosoma in profile view. F. Basitibial plate of hind tibia;B, D. Male. B. General view. D. Details of head in frontal view. Abbreviations: sc, scu-tum; st, scutellum; mt, metanotum; bp, basitibial plate; pl, posterior lobe.
and hind femora and apical bands on T1-5; wings light brownish, veins brown;
tegula translucent.
Pubescence. Yellowish (varying from ferruginous to very pale or whitish yel-
lows), generally long and abundant. Metasomal terga with hairs shorter on T2-3,
2-3 times longer on T4. Ventral face of the hind tibia with hairs restricted to
medial and basal portions.
Sculpture: Clypeus with strong, regularly distributed punctures, with impunc-
tate median longitudinal area and apical margin. Face, vertex and gena with
punctures closer than on clypeus. Scutum and scutellum densely punctate, except
on dorsal central area of scutum. Metasomal terga homogeneously punctate.
Structure: Head broader than long (proportion 1.35: 1), inner orbits weakly
loccipital (medial ocellus) 1.5 times diameter of medial ocellus. Lateral ocellus
located just below supraorbital line. Interocellar distance longer than ocellocular
distance (0.60:0.50 mm) and than ocelloccipital distance (0.60:0.53 mm). Pro-
portion of ocellocular to alveolocellar distance (to lateral ocellus) 0.9: 1. Clypeo-
246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Figure 2. Xylocopa atamisquensis, n. sp.: male genitalia; A. Dorsal view; B. Ventralview; C, D. apex of penis valve and gonostylus in dorsal and ventral views. Abbreviations:md, medial depression; im, inner margin; lc, lateral carina; vp, ventroapical plate.
cellar distance longer than distance between medial ocellus and posterior margin
of head (1.25:0.90 mm). Proportion of orbitoccipital to ocellocular distance 1.5:
1. Proportion of alveolocular to interalveolar distance 1.3: 1. Clypeus flat, broad-
er than long (proportion 1.57: 1 mm). Proportion of clypeal length to orbitoccip-
ital distance 2.47: 1. Proportion of lengths of scape, pedicel and first four flagel-
ite in ventral view with large ventroapical plate, medial apical lobe reduced.
Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the department of the type locality
“Departamento Atamisqui.” This region is located in NW Argentina, in the south
central Santiago del Estero province.
Distribution. (Fig. 3). Argentina: Tucumán, Chaco and Santiago del Estero
provinces.
Type Material. ARGENTINA, Holotype $, Santiago del Estero, Dto. Atamis-
Volume 121, Number 3, May and June 2010 247
Figure 3. Xylocopa atamisquensis, n. sp., geographic distribution.
qui, Predio Isla Verde (28º38'54"S, 64º 04'58"W; 120m), 17-III-2009, M. Lucia-
L. Alvarez (MLP). 15 Paratypes: 5$$, 2%%, same data as holotype (MLP),
5$$, 3%%, Santiago del Estero, Dto Atamisqui, Villa Atamisqui (28º27'
36.48"S, 63º 50'53.75"W; 123 m), M. Lucia-L. Alvarez (MLP). Types are de-
posited in the MLP.
Additional Material. ARGENTINA. Tucumán. 1$, Famaillá (San Ramón)
–XI-1947, B. Garcia (IML); 3$$, Los Zazos (Río Amaicha) (26º36'19.3"S, 65º
53'25.8"W; 2089 m), 21-X-2006, M. Lucia-A. Abrahamovich-E. Jiménez
(MLP); 1$, Las Cañas, 10-I-1960, Terán-Willink (IML); 1$, Dique el Cadillal,
9-XI-2008, M. Lucia-B. Defea (MLP); 1$ San Pedro de Colalao, 9-X-2008,
M. Lucia-B. Defea (MLP); 1$ San Pedro de Colalao, 1-III-1953, Terán (IML);
1$, Amaicha, 27-XI-1965, L. Stange (IML); 2%%, Tucumán, 30-I-1965 (430m),
W. Weyrauch (IML); 1$, Siambón (Dto de Tafí), 3-IV-1946, D. Olea (IML); 1$,
La Mesada, Dto. Burruyacú, 11-X-1947, Ares (IML). Chaco. 1$, Resistencia,
14-II-1936, Denier (MLP); 7$$, Paraje el Pintado, (E.G.B 245, 10 Km E.
Picada Barilari, 256m (25º17'50.9"S 63º1'21.2"W; 260m), 10/18-I-2007, M. Lu-
cia. (MLP); 1%, Charata, -X-1924 (MLP); 1$, Tres Mojones, 28-XI-1952,
R. Aguilar (IML). Santiago del Estero. 4%% 9$$ Dto. Atamisqui, Predio Isla
Verde (28º 38'54"S, 64º 04'58"W; 120 m), 17-III-2009, M. Lucia-L. Alvarez
(MLP); 3%% 8$$, Santiago del Estero (Capital), (26º47'60"S, 65º11'58"W; 192
m), 18-III-2009, M. Lucia-L. Alvarez (MLP); 8$$, Dto Atamisqui, Villa Atamis-
qui (28º 27'36.48"S, 63º50'53.75"W; 123 m), M. Lucia-L. Alvarez (MLP); 11$$,
7%%, La Banda, 1977, Colungo (MLP); 1$, Los Tigres, 11/16-I-1970,
R. Golbach (IML); 4%% 5$$, Warner (MLP); 1$, Termas de Rio Hondo (Dique
frontal), 3-V-1972, C. Porter (IML); 1$, 18-X-1939, Maldonado (MLP); 2$$,
San Gregorio, -IV-1977, Colunga (MLP); 1$, Añatuya, III-1979, Fritz (MLP);
Tapso, 22-V-1951, A. Ogloblin (MLP); 1$, Río Hondo, 14-II-1948, R. Golbach
(IML); 5$, Cuesta Río Salado, Coll. Gomez (MACN); 1$, Mistal Paso Río
Salado (Cerca Icaño), 1927-1929, E. Wagner (MACN).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to Ignacio Areta, Bárbara Defea and Víctor H. Gonzalez for your comments and sugges-tions on the manuscript. Thanks to Luis Ochoa, Mónica Cornacchione and Leopoldo Alvarez for thesupport in the field work (Santiago del Estero province), and Universidad Nacional de La Plata(UNLP) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas of Argentina (CONICET).
LITERATURE CITED
Gerling, D. H., H. W. Velthuis, and A. Hefetz. 1989. Bionomics of the large carpenter bees of thegenus Xylocopa. Annual Review of Entomology 34:163-190.
Hurd, P. D. and J. S. Moure. 1963. A classification of the large carpenter bees (Xylocopini)(Hymenoptera: Apoidea). University of California Publications in Entomology 29:1-365.
Michener, C. D. 2007. The Bees of the World. 2nd Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press.Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. 953 pp.
Moure, J. S., D. Urban, and G. A. R. Melo. 2007. Catalogue of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) inthe Neotropical Region. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia Press. Curitiba, Brasil. 1058 pp.
Roubik, D. W. 1989. Ecology and Natural History of Tropical Bees. Cambridge University Press,New York, U.S.A. 514 pp.