A New Set of Cartographic Symbols for IMSMA and Humanitarian Demining John Kostelnick Jerry Dobson Steve Egbert Matt Dunbar University of Kansas Department of Geography Lawrence, KS U.S.A. American Geographical Society Workshop on Humanitarian Demining Symbology Reston, VA November 7, 2005
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A New Set of CartographicSymbols for IMSMA and Humanitarian Demining
John Kostelnick Jerry Dobson Steve Egbert Matt Dunbar
University of Kansas
Department of Geography
Lawrence, KS U.S.A.
American Geographical Society Workshop on Humanitarian Demining Symbology
Reston, VA
November 7, 2005
Project Overview
Study of map symbols used in humanitariandemining activities
Sponsored by the Geneva International Centrefor Humanitarian Demining (GICHD)
Final Report and Recommendations:September 2004
Final Report and Recommendations
www.gichd.ch
Project Objectives
To investigate the need for a common set ofcartographic symbols to support humanitariandemining.
To research and catalog existing map symbols usedby humanitarian and military organizations to depictlandmines, minefields, and mine actions.
To develop and propose an improved set ofcartographic symbols that may be implemented inIMSMA for possible standardization.
Standardized Map Symbols
Symbols on maps serve as a graphicallanguage
Multiple symbol sets may cause confusion
Standardized symbols = Communication viathe same graphical language
Standardized Map Symbols
Benefits of Standardized Symbols for Demining
Consistent method for marking hazards on maps
Increase efficiency in operations
Aid in the exchange of maps and informationbetween organizations
Other standards for humanitarian demining,International Mine Action Standards (IMAS)
Standardized Map Symbols
Important Questions:
How similar or different are landmine, minefield, andmine action map symbols between organizations?
How can IMSMA symbols be designed in a manner tolead efforts in standardizing a set of symbols forhumanitarian demining?
Existing Humanitarian DeminingMap Symbols
Symbol Inventory Methods
Maps and symbols collected from severalsources
Humanitarian Demining Organizations
International Organizations (IOs) NGOs Mine Action Centers (MACs)
Military Organizations
Symbol Inventory Methods
Maps and symbols collected from severalsources
Map Libraries
Library of Congress Geography and Map Division American Geographical Society Library
GIS vendors
Symbol Inventory Methods
E-mail request sent to each organization
European Union in Humanitarian Demining(EUDEM2) e-mail listserve and website posting
Maps and symbols gathered from websites
Symbol Inventory Responses
Australian Defence Force
Belgium Staff Defence
Canadian National Defense
German Federal Foreign Office,Task Force for Humanitarian Aidand Mine Action
Mozambique National DeminingInstitute
National Geospatial-IntelligenceAgency
North America Treaty Alliance
Signal and Image Center of theRoyal Military Academy of Belgium
U.S. Department of DefenseHumanitarian Demining Researchand Development Program
U.S. Department of DefenseHumanitarian Demining TrainingCenter
Military / Government
Symbol Inventory Responses
United Nations Geospatial Information Working Group
United Nations Mine Action Service
United Nations
Symbol Inventory Responses
Accelerated Demining ProgramMozambique
Adopt-A-Minefield
Albanian Mine Action Executive
Applied ResearchInstitute—Jerusalem
Azerbaijan National Agency forMine Action
BACTEC International Limited, UK
Bosnia-Herzegovina Mine ActionCenter
Canadian International DeminingCorps
Croatian Mine Action Centre
Danish Demining Group
European Union in HumanitarianDemining
Golden West HumanitarianFoundation
International Organizations / Mine Action Centers / NGOs
Symbol Inventory Responses
International Campaign to BanLandmines
International Test and EvaluationProgram for HumanitarianDemining
International Trust Fund forDemining and Mine VictimsAssistance
Mine Action Information Center
Mine Advisory Group
International Committee of the RedCross
South East Europe Mine ActionCoordination Council
Survey Action Center
Swiss Foundation for Mine Action
United Nations InterimAdministration Mission in KosovoMine Action Coordination Centre
Vietnam Veterans Association
International Organizations / Mine Action Centers / NGOs
Symbol Inventory Responses
Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)
MapInfo
GIS Software Vendors
Symbol Inventory Results
40+ total responses
See Appendix A: Symbol inventory responses
See Appendix B: Landmine, minefield, andmine action symbol catalogue
Sample Military Symbols
AT Minefield
Mined Area
UXO Area
AP Minefield
Minefields
GEN 150B-GL-331-003/FP-001
STANAGAPP-6AFM 101-5-1MIL-STD-
1477CMIL-STD-
2525BSource
AustralianNational Defence
CanadianNationalDefense
NATOU.S. ArmyU.S. DoDU.S. DoD
Sample Humanitarian Demining Symbols
Uncleared Minefield (Area)
Cleared Minefield (Area)
Cleared Minefield (Point)
Uncleared Minefield (Point)
BHMACCROMACAMAE
AMAE = Albanian Mine Action Executive
CROMAC = Croatian Mine Action Centre
BHMAC = Bosnia-Herzegovina Mine Action Centre
Symbol Inventory Conclusions
Military symbols
Symbols formally standardized (e.g., APP-6A)
Drawbacks of extending military symbols intohumanitarian demining
Symbol Inventory Conclusions
Humanitarian demining symbols
No formal standards, but some general areas ofagreement