A new natural reinforcement for polymer composite materials: Long Bamboo fibres Aart W. van Vuure , Lina Osorio, Eduardo Trujillo, Carlos Fuentes, Jan Ivens, Ignaas Verpoest Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
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A new natural reinforcement for polymer composite materials: Long Bamboo
fibres
Aart W. van Vuure, Lina Osorio, Eduardo Trujillo, Carlos Fuentes, Jan Ivens, Ignaas Verpoest
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering,
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
First; what do we call polymer composite materials?
Fibre: reinforcement
Impregnate
Polymer: matrix
COMPOSITE
Consolidate
Light but weak
Light, stiff & strong
Light but stiff & strong!
• Long fibres give better mechanical properties
• Fibres typically Glass and Carbon
2World Bamboo Congress, April 2012
Natural Fibres (and Bio-polymers): why?
3
Environmental reasons:
• Renewable resources
• Thermally recyclable, optionally biodegradable, CO2
neutral
• Natural fibres: Low energy consumption (low CO2 )
So: low “Carbon footprint”
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
lignocellulosicfibres
glass fibre carbon fibre
energy ( MJ/kg)
energy ( MJ/kg)mat
mat
World Bamboo Congress, April 2012
4
• Cost: often (potentially) low cost (not silk)
• Less abrasive
• Good specific mechanical properties (low density)
• Potential bio-compatibility for e.g. bio-medical applications
• Natural image, design aspects
• Others, like good acoustic & vibration damping, radar transparency, low CTE
Natural Fibres and Bio-polymers: why?
Specific tensile modulus E/rho (MJ/kg) for various fibres
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Flax fibre Bamboofibre
Glass fibre Carbon fibre
Spec
ific
mod
ulus
(MJ/
kg)
Specific FLEXURAL modulus (E(1/3)/rho in N(1/3)m(7/3)/kg) for various fibres
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Flax fibre Bamboofibre
Glass fibre Carbon fibreSpec
ific
bend
ing
mod
ulus
(N(1
/3)m
(7/3
)/kg)
World Bamboo Congress, April 2012
Good vibrational damping: Flax/Carbon hybrid bicycle frame
ISO2631:WholeBodyVibration
5
Applications of bio-based composites; on the market
Moisture resistance Bamboo fibres Moisture uptake of bamboo fibre at 23oC (from dry
condition)
02468
1012141618
0 20 40 60 80 100
Environmental relative humidity (%)
Moi
stur
e up
take
(wt%
)
Fibre moisture uptake,
Absorption isotherm
Moisture uptake is intermediate to literature data for (solid) lignin and cellulose
Diffusion coefficient [m2/sec]
Bamboo 1.04 x 10-10
Flax 1.25 x 10-8
31
Moisture effects on Bamboo fibres
32World Bamboo Congress, April 2012
Thermal degradation Bamboo fibre composites
Single fibres: Degradation starts around 170°C in normal atmosphere
Flexural strength and failure strain for UD bamboo fibre/thermoplastic composites at different processing
temperatures
020406080
100120140160180200220
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Strain at maximum strength (%)
Stre
ngth
(MPa
)
PP/BF 175°C
PP/BF 185°C
MAPP/BF 170°C
MAPP/BF 180°c
.... ..
Force
..
33World Bamboo Congress, April 2012
Concluding (Bamboo Fibre Composites)
• A promising fibre extraction process was developed for Bamboo Fibres• Next processing development is cleaning, stretching, aligning and prepregging• Most elementary fibres have predominantly 0 degree nanofibril orientation, combined
with an outer wrap of 90 degrees• Extracted bamboo fibre seems covered by lignin• Surface energy component matching allows improving physical adhesion; so far good
results with PVDF• There is a clear correlation between interface strength and UD longitudinal strength• Efficiency factors for epoxy reach 95% for modulus and 80% for strength• Moisture uptake is as expected intermediate to solid cellulose and lignin• Fibre strength and modulus are hardly affected by moisture; strain to failure is
affected (plasticisation)
34World Bamboo Congress, April 2012
Thanks for your attention!
JEC 2012 Tradeshow in Paris: KU Leuven - SLC booth
35World Bamboo Congress, April 2012
CompositesWeek@Leuven16-20 September 2013
The Composite Materials Groupof the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering (MTM) of the