A NEW NATION Chapter 8. George Washington in New York A depiction of George Washington riding into New York on November 25, 1783 to the cheers of a large.

A NEW NATION

Chapter 8

George Washington in New York A depiction of George Washington

riding into New York on November 25, 1783 to the cheers of a large crowd.

George and Martha Washington at Presidential Reception

Guests bow to President Washington and the First Lady during a reception in 1798.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Established a federal court system

13 district courts3 circuit or appeals courtsHad power toreverse any state law that was considered unconstitutional

Financial Problems

The National Debt was growing. We owed:a. States debts from the Revolutionary Warb. Debts from the government under the

Articles of Confederationc. Individual American Citizens which held

bonds

The Rise and Fall of Alexander Hamilton

Wanted to pay national debt by buying back bonds from the war.

Wanted to pay all state debts which occurred during war.

Wanted to have a protective tariff on imports

Wanted to establish a national bank.

Hamilton’s Plan

Proposed that the new government pay off the millions of dollars in debts

Proposed to pay of state debts from warProposed to pay off all bonds

Thomas Jefferson opinions about Hamilton’s plan

Believed paying war bonds would benefit speculators and not strengthen nation.

Against tariffs because benefited the north and hurt the south

He felt a national bank was unconstitutional and gave to much power to the central government. Should stay on the state level!

Bonds

Paper notes promising to repay the money in a certain length of time.

PEOPLE WHO RISK MONEY IN ORDER TO

MAKE A LARGER PROFIT

Speculator

Compromise gives us Washington D.C.

To appease the Southern states, Hamilton promised that the capital of the USA would be moved to what call Washington, DC

This would be a special district laid out between Maryland and Virginia.

The Southern states agreed

Protective TariffA tax on import to encourage people to buy American products.

Shoes in Italy cost $2 before tariff, but $4 after tariff

$2 tax will go towards government debt

Benefited the northern manufacturing companies.

The southern people felt that it made them suffer for the northern good.

The fight over the bank

Hamilton wanted a national bankMost southern states felt that it would benefit

only the wealthyPres. Washington agreed with Hamilton and

it was enactedMany felt that the bank was unconstitutionalArgument will continue…..

WHISKEY REBELLIONSTRUGGLE IN THE WEST

PROBLEMS WITH EUROPEWASHINGTON’S FAREWELL

8:2 Early Challenges

Whiskey TaxTax on whiskey

makes the cost of whiskey good up and demand goes down.

Western farmers felt like it penalized them for the good of the country.

Farmers rebel

Washington sends out the troops to put down rebelling farmers.

Results: The government will put down any social disorder for the good of the country.

Struggle over the West

Native Americans deny any power over them.

Spain and France encourage Native Americans to rebel over white settlement in the west.

White settlers demand western land

Native Americans fight back over land in the West.

George Washington sends out the troops to end the fighting between Native American and Settlers.

American troops defeat Native Americans in the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Native Americans sign a peace treaty.

French Revolution“Citizens” demand their independence from King Louis the XVI

Executed the King and many French Noblemen.

George Washington vows to not get involved in the bloody and violent revolution.

Britain and France go to war

France recruits American ships to capture British warships

Britain attacks American cargo ships and impresses sailors to fight in war.

Neutrality

George Washington wants to remain neutral in the European Wars.

He felt that European Wars would not benefit Americans

He issues the Proclamation of Neutrality which prohibited Americans from trading or fighting in the war.

John Jay

Supreme Court Chief Justice went to Britain to compromise with Britain over the impressment of sailors, taking of American ships and the British troops in the Western forts.

Jay’s Treaty

Great Britain to remove troops from Ohio River Valley forts

Great Britain will pay back the American ships and cargo taken

America will pay back old loans prior to the Revolution

Americans will allow trade with some British Caribbean colonies

American’s Are Angry

Don’t want to pay back old loans

Did not solve issue of impressments of sailors

Did not stop Britain from interfering with American trade.

Pinckney’s Treaty

Treaty with Spain that gave Americans the right to use the Mississippi River for trading.

Opens up the Western frontier for settlement.

Washington’s FarewellPrecedents: He set a fine example of an excellent President

He warns America to stay away from political parties and foreign affair wars

XYZ Affair

France starts attacking ships because angry over Jay’s Treaty

Adams wants to avoid war and sends a delegation to make peace with France

France refuses to compromise unless given money and a loan from America

Americans outraged by blackmail

“Millions for Defense but not one cent for tribute”

America prepares war against France

Builds up navy and army

Captured over 90 French ship

France backs down and makes peace with America

Alien Act

Gave the president power to deport, or send aliens out of the country that he felt was dangerous.

Naturalization Act: Must live in the country 14 years before applying for citizenship

Sedition Act

It is a crime to speak or write any criticisms of the government, congress or the President.

State’s Rights

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions state that any state has the right to judge the constitutionality of a federal law and they could nullify, or legally overturn, a federal law if considered unconstitutional.