Singapore Technologies Marine Ltd 7 Benoi Road, Singapore 629882 T: (65) 6861 2244 F: (65) 6861 3028 www.stengg.com (Regn. No.: 196800180M) A NEW CLASS OF PATROL VESSEL AUTHORS Presented by Lead Author: Yeow Xian Ching (BEng(Hons)) Manager, Engineering Design Centre (Marine System) Singapore Technologies Marine Ltd A Company of ST Engineering Co-Authored by: Tan Ching Eng, (Dipl.-Ing, EMBA), Senior Vice President, Engineering Design Centre Mathai Pambrakaran Pathrose (BEng(Hons)), Vice President, Engineering Design Centre Sim Chee Chong (BEng(Hons)), Assistant Director, Engineering Design Centre (Automation Electrical System) SYNOPSIS Patrol vessels play a vital role in littoral maritime security, safety of international shipping, and protection of a state’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). This paper shares recent key developments in the design of new generation Patrol Vessels (PVs). Missions, performance, manning, combat system outfits, and the main characteristics of ship systems are discussed. This paper is written based on ST Marine’s proprietary design of the Fearless Class TM Patrol Vessel. BIOGRAPHIES Mr. Yeow Xian Ching was appointed Manager (Engineering Design Centre, Marine System) in Feb 2016. He is also a member in the Intellectual Property Rights Committee of ST Engineering. He was awarded Association of Singapore Marine Industries (ASMI), Marine & Offshore Undergraduate Scholarship and pursued a Mechanical Engineering (Marine Engineering Specialization) degree in Nanyang Technological University. Graduated in July 2009 with a First Class Honors bachelor ’s degree, he joined ST Marine. He has been involved in several major naval and commercial new building programs. To name a few: ROPAX for LDA, Diving Support Vessel for DOF Subsea, Landing Platform Dock for Royal Thai Navy, Patrol Vessels for Royal Navy of Oman, Littoral Mission Vessels for Republic Of Singapore Navy and Heavy Marine Fire Vessel for the Singapore Civil Defence Force. Mr. Tan Ching Eng was appointed Senior Vice President (Engineering Design Centre) in Jan 2003. He is also member in the Technologies Management Committee of ST Engineering. He was awarded Singapore Public Service Commission (PSC) scholarship in 1981 and pursued a Naval Architecture degree in Institute of Shipbuilding, Hamburg University. Graduated in Oct 1985 with a German Degree of “Di plom-Ingenieur” (Master’s Degree) and a Welding Engineer Degree, he joined ST Marine (previously called Singapore Shipbuilding and Engineering) in 1986. In 1996, he obtained a company sponsorship to pursue a part-time Executive MBA program from State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY) conducted at Singapore Institute of Management (SIM), and graduated in 1999 with a MBA degree. Mr. Mathai P Pambrakaran was appointed Vice President (Engineering Design Centre) September 2012. He attended the Cochin University of Science and Technology in India and graduated with a Bachelor ’s Degree in Naval Architecture and Shipbuilding in 1990 and undergone a specialized training programme on ship design at TID, The Netherlands for a period of one year, 1991-92. He started his career with Sesa Goa
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Another recent pollution prevention regulation is the enforcement of IMO Ballast Water Management
Convention starting 8th September 2017. Ballast water treatment system has been mandated or made
provision by most navies in ship building specification. Ballast water treatment system includes the use of
filter, hydro-cyclone and ultra violet light to abate marine microorganisms from entering the ship’s ballast
tanks and subsequently being discharge to another location and cause harmful effects to the local marine eco
system.
5. DESIGN OF THE SHIP COMBAT SYSTEM
5.1 COMBAT SYSTEM
PVs are mainly equipped with medium-caliber guns and machine guns. However PVs have the potential to increase the military payload and self-defense (CIWS or AAM) system with the increase of size. Heavily armed patrol vessels would look more attractive, but should avoid functionally overkill. PVs are typically equipped with remote control main gun of medium caliber 57 to 76mm and 12.7 to 30mm
secondary guns, as appropriate to the size of ship. These guns provide the PVs with 360 degree defensive and
offensive coverage. Wing guns are normally 0.5 inch caliber machine guns.
Surface-to-Surface Missile (SSM) launchers and Anti-Air Missiles (AAM) are integrated to the
superstructure and deck spaces. Soft-kill chaff and decoy systems are located on the superstructure deck or
forward of superstructure.
The procurement of the combat system could either be part of turnkey contract or be a separate program. The
procurement strategy for the vessel must address the precise way in which the overall integration of combat
system and platform is to be achieved and, in particular, the roles and responsibility for the various parties in
the program. This process will inevitably create an area of uncertainty and risk for possible schedule and cost
overrun. There is also risk of technical impact (weight, electrical load, heat load, etc.). Allocation of
responsibility within a commercial contract framework is therefore important to manage the program and
mitigate the risks involved.
5.2 COMMAND, CONTROL COMMUNICATION, COMPUTER AND INTELLIGENCE (C4I)
SYSTEM
The combined Joint Task Force is widely used as a model for peacekeeping and other comparable operations.
In the maritime field, to assemble an international task force for an agreed mission, and to deploy, support,
and conduct possible opposed operations with full coordination of all assets, sensors and weapons is a
complex operation. Interoperability of Command, Control, Communications and the exchange of Intelligence
is key to successful conduct of Alliance/Coalition operations which have accounted for the majority, if not all,
military operations. New class of PV configuration shall have a minimum C2 system with C4I system
capable design.
5.3 HELICOPTER AND UNMANNED ARIEL VEHICLE (UAV) CAPABILITY
Operating a helicopter from a PV has always been a tough design requirement. Military specifications related
to helicopter operations are demanding including sea-keeping characteristic of ship, landing area, clearance
distances, air flow around landing spot, landing aid, control and communication, fire safety, structure load
during normal landing and in the event of crash landing, storage and maintenance capability (for an
embarked helicopter), onboard training, operation procedure, etc. In the frame work of an UN mission task
force, the PV should be able to receive a helicopter of another navy, or be able to receive an army helicopter
when operate in coastal waters. It is therefore necessary to certify the landing deck for a range of helicopters
during design and commissioning.
However, a PV’s capability is significantly increased if she is able to accommodate a combat helicopter or a
UAV with significant operational roles. UAV capable PV has become almost a new and standard
requirement for the new class of PV. In view of this, it is important that the design considers incorporating
the capability to land and take-off of a medium size helicopter or a UAV, and to accommodate a fixed hangar
for a larger patrol vessel.
6. CONCLUSION
The recent development trend in PVs has been towards a new class of multi-mission vessel, designed and
built with efficient hull form, equipped with hybrid propulsion, intelligent power management system, with
higher level of automation coupled with Sense-making to aid the end users in their operations. The
superstructure design is optimized to reduce radar cross section signature, infrared signature and exhaust gas
recirculation. The mast design has to consider all the various antennas, sensors and radars EMI/EMC
requirements. With the above mentioned design considerations and features, a new class of PV will definitely
serve its multi role purpose and meet navies ever increasing expectation. These objectives can be achieved
with everyone in the program team, including operator, contractor and suppliers working closely to integrate
their efforts towards the same common objective.
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The lead author and co-authors would like to express our sincere gratitude towards the Engineering Design
Centre teams who have contributed to the success of the Fearless Class™ Patrol Vessel program. In addition
to the engineering team, we would like to thank our colleagues from operations, quality assurance,
purchasing, commissioning, and other supporting functions for their effort in supporting and completing the
build program of Al-Ofouq Class Patrol Vessel. The Al-Ofouq Class Patrol Vessel program has contributed
significantly to the Fearless 80 Mk III™ design. Lastly, the authors would like to thank ST Marine top
management for their relentless support and guidance.
8. FIGURES
Figure 1: Fearless 80 Mk IIITM hull form .......................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2: Appendages optimization test ............................................................................................................ 7
Figure 3: Key improvements of the hull form .................................................................................................... 7
Figure 4: Propulsion, maneuvering and sea-keeping model test ...................................................................... 8
Figure 5: Propeller design and cavitation test .................................................................................................. 8