A MORE PERFECT UNION The United States develops from a confederation of states to a unified country ruled under one government The United States develops.

A MORE PERFECT A MORE PERFECT UNIONUNION

The United States develops from a The United States develops from a confederation of states to a unified confederation of states to a unified country ruled under one governmentcountry ruled under one government

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**By the end of the War every By the end of the War every state had their own seperate state had their own seperate constitutions where they had constitutions where they had a governor and a legislature a governor and a legislature

(group who make laws). (group who make laws).

*Each legislature was divided *Each legislature was divided into two houses – bicameralinto two houses – bicameral. .

What are the Articles of What are the Articles of Confederation?Confederation?

Country’s first written plan of government. 1781-Country’s first written plan of government. 1781-17891789

Went into effect when all 13 states approved itWent into effect when all 13 states approved it

To make changes or pass new laws 9 out of the To make changes or pass new laws 9 out of the 13 states had to agree- Very difficult!!!13 states had to agree- Very difficult!!!

Gave the federal government very little powerGave the federal government very little power. . Government could not taxGovernment could not tax. C. Country began to fall ountry began to fall apart because government apart because government was too weakwas too weak..

What were the limitations of the What were the limitations of the Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

1. Congress could not draft and Army1. Congress could not draft and Army

2. Congress could not tax citizens2. Congress could not tax citizens

3. Did not create leadership under a chief 3. Did not create leadership under a chief executiveexecutive

4.Any changes required approval from all 4.Any changes required approval from all 13 states13 states

5. Could not settle disputes between 5. Could not settle disputes between statesstates

Northwest OrdinanceNorthwest Ordinance

A law that set up procedures for dividing A law that set up procedures for dividing the land north of the Ohio River and east the land north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippiof the Mississippi

When population in the territories reached When population in the territories reached 60,000 the people could petition for 60,000 the people could petition for statehood.statehood.

Economic troublesEconomic troubles

Trade was cut off in many areas by BritainTrade was cut off in many areas by Britain

Country went through a depression. Country went through a depression. People were brokePeople were broke

Farmers could not pay their taxes to the Farmers could not pay their taxes to the states and the government began to take states and the government began to take away their farms and put them in jailaway their farms and put them in jail

What is Shays Rebellion?What is Shays Rebellion?

Farms were taken away,-a group of Farms were taken away,-a group of farmers headed by Daniel Shays, forced farmers headed by Daniel Shays, forced some courts to close in Mass. and tried to some courts to close in Mass. and tried to raid a federal arsenalraid a federal arsenalStopped by the militia - a few farmers were Stopped by the militia - a few farmers were killed.killed.Made people realize that the government Made people realize that the government was not strong enough to control the was not strong enough to control the people.people.

THE CONSTITUTIONAL THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONCONVENTION

A.A. Delegates from all the colonies (total 55) met in Delegates from all the colonies (total 55) met in Philadelphial in May 1787 to amend (change) Articles Philadelphial in May 1787 to amend (change) Articles of Confederation. Lasted until Septembr 1787of Confederation. Lasted until Septembr 1787

B.B. George Washington was the presiding officer.George Washington was the presiding officer.C.C. Main compromies were The Great Compromise and Main compromies were The Great Compromise and

the 3/5the 3/5thth compromise compromise

Plans for LegislaturePlans for Legislature

A. The Virginia PlanA. The Virginia Plan (Edmund Randolph) (Edmund Randolph) States that the legislature would have two States that the legislature would have two

houses.(bicameral) houses.(bicameral) The number of The number of representatives would be based on populationrepresentatives would be based on population. . Good for states with large populations.Good for states with large populations.

B. B. The New Jersey PlanThe New Jersey Plan (William Patterson) (William Patterson) Both houses would be equally represented by Both houses would be equally represented by

all statesall states. Good for states with small . Good for states with small populations.populations.

The Great CompromiseThe Great CompromiseBy Roger ShermanBy Roger Sherman

What was the3/5What was the3/5thth COMPROMISE?COMPROMISE?

Each slave would count as 3/5Each slave would count as 3/5thth person for person for both taxation and representationboth taxation and representation

Stats on THE CONSTITUTIONStats on THE CONSTITUTIONJames Madison considered the ‘Father” of James Madison considered the ‘Father” of the Constitutionthe ConstitutionConstitution has the final authority in our Constitution has the final authority in our countrycountryMany states did not approve it at first Many states did not approve it at first because it didn’t have a Bill of Rights.because it didn’t have a Bill of Rights.Need approval of 9 of the 13 states to go Need approval of 9 of the 13 states to go into effectinto effectFederalism- sharing of power between Federalism- sharing of power between state and federal governmentstate and federal governmentFederalists – supported ConstitutionFederalists – supported ConstitutionAnti-federalists - did not support itAnti-federalists - did not support it

FederalismFederalism

What did the Federalist believe?What did the Federalist believe?

Supported a larger National/Federal Supported a larger National/Federal governmentgovernment

Supported equally dividing powers among Supported equally dividing powers among different branchesdifferent branches

Backed by Madison, Hamilton, Backed by Madison, Hamilton, WashingtonWashington

Feared disorder without a strong central Feared disorder without a strong central governmentgovernment

What were the Anti-federalists?What were the Anti-federalists?Most political powers should remain with Most political powers should remain with the statesthe states

Wanted legislative branch to hold more Wanted legislative branch to hold more power than executivepower than executive

Feared strong government would ignore Feared strong government would ignore the rights of the people, favor the wealthy the rights of the people, favor the wealthy

Believed a Bill of Rights was necessaryBelieved a Bill of Rights was necessary

Feared oppression more than disorderFeared oppression more than disorder

Backed by Jefferson, Patrick HenryBacked by Jefferson, Patrick Henry

Why is a government important? What Why is a government important? What should the main jobs of government do?should the main jobs of government do?

EX: protect, defend, take care of EX: protect, defend, take care of people,etcpeople,etc

After much debate it was finally After much debate it was finally ratified on Jun. 21 1788ratified on Jun. 21 1788

ORGANIZATION OF ORGANIZATION OF GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

SEPERATION OF POWERS SEPERATION OF POWERS (the most (the most distinctive part of our government, distinctive part of our government, divides divides power into 3 parts)power into 3 parts)1. 1. Article I- The Legislative Branch or Article I- The Legislative Branch or Congress (makes the laws)Congress (makes the laws)2. Article II- Executive Branch (enforces 2. Article II- Executive Branch (enforces laws)laws)3. Article III - Judicial Branch (interprets 3. Article III - Judicial Branch (interprets laws)laws)

THE CONSTITUTIONTHE CONSTITUTION

a. a. FederalismFederalism the sharing of power the sharing of power between the state and federal governmentbetween the state and federal government

b. b. Checks and balances-Checks and balances- keeps one keeps one branch of government from getting too branch of government from getting too much powermuch power

PreamblePreamble

We the People of the United States, in We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United establish this constitution for the United States of America.States of America.