A-Mik2 - Teori Produksi

8/19/2019 A-Mik2 - Teori Produksi

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M. Saleh-FE UNEJM. Saleh-FE UNEJ

MATERIMATERI

FUNGSI PRODUKSI (FP)FUNGSI PRODUKSI (FP)

1. Pengertian an A!"#!i FP

$. FP $ %"t&"t 1 in&"t

'. FP 1 %"t&"t 1 In&"t

. Pengg"naan In&"t g O&ti#"#

*. FP 1 %"t&"t $ In&"t

+. K%#,ina!i In&"t g O&ti#"#

. Ret"rn % S/ale

0. FP 1 %"t&"t 2 ' In&"t


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PENGERTIAN FPPENGERTIAN FP

Pengertian 3 4", &hi!i5 ant O g I

O (In&"t) O (K6 7,6 76 Mn8)

Se#"a 9aria,el in&"t l# ,t5 i!i5:i!a !e,agian t5 ,t5 &hi!i56

g &enting aa l# ,ent"5 i!i5


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KEGIATAN PRODUKSIKEGIATAN PRODUKSI

; Per"!ahaan aalah !"at" %rgani!a!i ang #e#,elian #ene


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TUJUAN PERUSAHAANTUJUAN PERUSAHAAN

Perusahaan adl organisasi yg berorientasi pd keuntungan (profit oriented) yg

membeli faktor produksi atau jasa input dan menjual hasil produksinya berupa barang dan jasa.

Tujuan Perush al :

• Memaksimumkan Keuntungan Unt Tetap Bertahan Hidup

esuai prinsip yg dianut !Prinsip" Keselamatan" (Survivor Principle)# maka perush $ yg selamat sepanjang %kt berush memp keputusan men&ari

‑

keuntungan tertinggi. Unit ush yg tidak berorientasi pada profit akandibubarkan'terdepak keluar dari dunia bisnis.

edangkan Tujuan (ltematif Perusahaan al:

). Memaksimumkan penjualan#

$. Pertumbuhan dan kepuasan manajemen.

*. Pertumbuhan dan stabilitas



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A!"#!i A!"#!i

; Pr%"!en ,ertina5 !e/ara ra!i%nal ait" &r%"!en

,er"!aha #en/a&ai 5e"nt"ngan ang #a5!i#"#.

; Pr%"!en #e#&"nai &engetah"an ang !e#&"rna6

ter"ta#a tentang %"t&"t ang iha!il5an.

; Pr%"!en ,eraa ala# 5%ni!i &a!ar g !e#&"rna

1. Pr%"5ti9ita!

$. :eaa Mini#



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In&"t

F"ng!i Pr%"5!i

Tanah6 Tenaga

Ker8a6 #%al6 ll

O"t&"t



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Ke"nt"ngan Ma5!i#"# &t Di/a&aiKe"nt"ngan Ma5!i#"# &t Di/a&ai

; Mene5an ,iaa !e#ini#al #"ng5in &aa a5t%r-a5t%r&r%"5!i ang ig"ana5an ala# &r%!e! &r%"5!i.

; Me#a5!i#al5an ting5at &r%"5tiita! ari a5t%r

&r%"5!i ang ig"na5an. Dalam uaha u!" me!ca#a$ %eu!"u!&a! ma%$mal,

a'a ( %e#u"ua! )& haru '$am*$l oleh #ro'ue!:

1. :r& %"t&"t ang har"! iha!il5an=$. :r& an l# 5%ni!i g ,g#n a5t%r &r%"5!i

ig"na5an.



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A'a ( Pe!'e%a"a! 'alamA'a ( Pe!'e%a"a! 'alam

Teor$ Pro'u%$Teor$ Pro'u%$

; F"ng!i &r%"5!i engan 1 in&"t; F"ng!i &r%"5!i engan $ in&"t



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PENGERTIANPENGERTIAN

FUNGSI PRODUKSIFUNGSI PRODUKSI

; S"at" &er!a#aan ang #en"n8"55an 8"#lah#a5!i#"# %"t&"t ang iha!il5an engan5%#,ina!i in&"t tertent" (Ferg"!%n an G%"l

1>*31?); F"ng!i &r%"5!i #eneta&5an &er"!ahaan tia5 ,i!a

#en/a&ai !"at" %"t&"t ang le,ih tinggi tan&a#engg"na5an in&"t ang le,ih ,ana5 an !"at"

&er"!ahaan tia5 ,i!a #engg"na5an le,ih !ei5itin&"t tan&a #eng"rangi ting5at %"t&"t



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; In&"t Pr%"5!i3

1. 4"#an Re!%"r/e!

$. @a&ital Re!%"r/e!6'. Nat"ral Re!%"r/e! (tanah)

. Managerial S5ill

; 4","ngan 8"#lah O"t&"t () engan in&"t ang

ig"na5an ala# &r%!e! &r%"5!i (B16B$6B'6CC

Bn) !e/ara #ate#ati! a&at it"li!3

(B16B$6B'6CCBn)

Ket 3 O"t&"t

B In&"t



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FP $ OUTPUT 1 INPUTFP $ OUTPUT 1 INPUT

; Kur+e Tra!forma$ Pro'u%

; @%nt%h 5la!i5 ari &r%!e! ang !e&erti ini.

D"a %"t&"t6 ai"


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K"r9e Tran!%r#a!i Pr%"5K"r9e Tran!%r#a!i Pr%"5

(FP $ O"t&"t 1 In&"t)

9

9

9

9

(

-


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G,r FP $ O"t&"t6 1 In&"t

Tan&a S",!it"!i

(

-

E/#

9D 9DDD9DD


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G,r FP $ O"t&"t 1 In&"t

S",!tit"!i 7eng5a&

(

1

+$

+1

+'


16/79


K"r9e I!%re9en"e

(

-

TR0

TR(

TR-

TR1


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K%ni!i O"t&"t

K%#,ina!i Ter,ai5

$

-9

TR(

TR-

TR1

(-

--


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K%ni!i K%#,ina!i O"t&"t Ter,ai5

4ana O"t&"t Ke"a ang Diha!il5an

(

-

TR$

TR1

TR'

(-

11

2or!er Solu"$o!


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Jal"r E5!&an!i

1

E

$

TP$

IR1

IR$

IR'

TP1 TP'

IR 3 I!%re9ern"e

TP 3 Tran!%r#a!i


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FP 1 INPUTFP 1 INPUT

O"t&"t "ng!i r in&"t

(Ka&6 7a,6 7an6 Mn8)

(7a,%r)6 l iangga& /%n!tan

A&a,ila i ga#,ar 5ira$ !,, 3



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SATU INPUTSATU INPUT


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TT%tal%tal PPh!i/alh!i/al PPr%"/t (TPP)r%"/t (TPP)

TPP

MPP

APP

3

TPP

3- 3( 31

A

4

2


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4U:UNGAN4U:UNGAN

TPP6 MPP DAN APPTPP6 MPP DAN APP

TPP

MPP

APP

3

TPP

3- 3( 31

A

4

2


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T4E 7A OF DIMINIS4INGT4E 7A OF DIMINIS4ING

RETURN (T7ODR)RETURN (T7ODR)

TPP

MPP

APP

3

TPP

MPP3- 3( 31

A

4

2

D E

F

T7ODR DEF 7$-7'

Da9i Ri/ar%

:ila! (1>0 3 10')

D%#ini/5 (1>>* 3 1>)


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FASE EKONOMISFASE EKONOMIS

TPP

MPP

APP

3

TPP

APP

MPP3- 3( 31

A

4

2

D E

F

Fa!e E5%n%#i! EF

APP#aH-MPP?)

:ila! (1>0 3 1>?6 1>'6 1>0)

Fari (1> 3 11>)

D%#ini/5 (1>>* 3 1*?)


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F"ng!i Pr%"5!i Sat" In&"tF"ng!i Pr%"5!i Sat" In&"t

; Dengan #engangga& !alah !at" in&"t 5%n!tan ala# 8ang5a &ene56 #a5a a&at i8ela!5an h","ngan in&"t

%"t&"t !e/ara le,ih l"a!.

; A&a,ila in&"t #%al teta&6 #a5a FP #83 (7); A9erage Ph!i/al Pr%"/t % 7a,%r (AP7)3 AP7 7

; Marginal Ph!i/al Pr%"/t % 7a,%r (MP7)3 MP77

; Paa !aat AP7 #en/a& #a5!i#"#6 AP7MP7



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Ela!ti!ita! Pr%"5!iEla!ti!ita! Pr%"5!i

Ep =%perubahan output

%perubahan input

Men"n8"55an &er!enta!e &er",ahan %"t&"t

!e,agai a5i,at ari &er!enta!e &er",ahan in&"t

e&ara matematis:

L

L

AP

MP

L

QdLdQ

L

QdL

dQ

Q

L

dL

dQ

L

dL

QdQ

Ep ==•=•== )



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Dengan &er!a#aan ela!ti!ita! t!,6 tera&at tiga5eaaan ang a&at i8ela!5an !,,3

1.AP72MP

76 #a5a ela!ti!ita! &r%"5!i (Ep)

#e#&"nai nilai 1 (inela!ti!)$.AP

7MP

76 #a5a ela!ti!ita! &r%"5!i (Ep)

#e#&"nai nilai 21 (ela!ti!)

'.AP7MP76 #a5a ela!ti!ita! &r%"5!i (Ep)#e#&"nai nilai 1 ("nitar)



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TA4APAN PRODUKSITA4APAN PRODUKSI

TPP

MPP

APP

3

TPP

APP

MPP3- 3( 31

A

4

2

D E

F

I II III STAGE


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TPP 2


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TPP

MPP

APP

3

TPP

APP

MPP3- 3( 31

A

4

2

DE

F

I II III STAGE

ES

SRM2 A52

3

P


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DERIATIE DEMAND OF 7A:ORDERIATIE DEMAND OF 7A:OR

TPP

MPP

APP

3

TPP

APP

MPP3- 3( 31

A

4

2

D E

F


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TPP

MPP

APP

3

TPP

MPP3- 3( 31

A

4

2

D E

F


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TPP

MPP

APP

3

MPP3- 31

D E

F


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6

3

D3

3- 31

D E

F


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FP 1 %"t&"t $ INPUTFP 1 %"t&"t $ INPUT

; ISOUANT

; ISO@OST

; Siat I!%"ant 3

1. T"r"n r 5iri ata! 5e5anan ,a


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ISOUANTISOUANT

K-

K

3

Ioua!" - K(

3- 3(


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ISOUANTISOUANT nai5nai5

K-

K

3

Ioua!" (

Ioua!" - K(

3- 3(


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ISOUANTISOUANT TURUNTURUN

K-

K

3

Ioua!" (

Ioua!" - K(

3- 3(


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:UDGET 7INE:UDGET 7INE

43-

K

3

K-

3(3-

K(

A

4


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:UDGET 7INE:UDGET 7INE nai5nai5

43-

43(

K

3

K-

3(3-

K(

A

4


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:UDGET 7INE:UDGET 7INE t"r"nt"r"n

43-43(

K

3

K-

3(3-

K(

A

4

GRAFIKGRAFIK


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GRAFIKGRAFIK

PRODUKSI DAN :IAAPRODUKSI DAN :IAA

GARISGARIS


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GARISGARIS

ANGGARAN :E7ANJA ANGGARAN :E7ANJA


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EBPANTION PAT4EBPANTION PAT4

K

3

322-

43 -


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K

3

Ioua!" -

322-

43 -


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K

3

Ioua!" -

322-

322(

43 -

43 (


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K

3

Ioua!" (

Ioua!" -

322-

322(

43 -

43 (


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K

3

Ioua!" (

Ioua!" -

322-

322(

E/#a!"$o! Pa"h

43 -

43 (


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RIDGE 7INERIDGE 7INE

K

3

Ioua!" -

322-

A

A 3 MPP5 ?


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K

3

Ioua!" -

322-

A

:

A 3 MPP5 ?

: 3 MPPl ?

A: 3 Daerah Ra!i%nal


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K

3

Ioua!" (

Ioua!" -

322-

322(

A

:

Aa Penge#,angan "!h

Dari I!%1 I!%$


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K

3

Ioua!" (

Ioua!" -

322-

322(

A

D

:

@


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K

3

Ioua!" (

Ioua!" -

322-

322(

A

D

:

@


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K

3

Ioua!" (

Ioua!" -

322-

322(

A

D

:

@ A@ Rige 7ine Ata!

:D Rige 7ine :a


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K

3

Ioua!" (

Ioua!" -

A

D

:

@ A@ Rige 7ine Ata!

:D Rige 7ine :a


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K

3

Ioua!" (

Ioua!" -

322-

322(

A

D

:

@ A@ Rige 7ine Ata!

:D Rige 7ine :a


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K

3

Ioua!" -

322-

A

:

A@ Rige 7ine Ata!

:D Rige 7ine :a


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K

3

Ioua!" (

Ioua!" -

322-

322(

A

D

:

@ A@ Rige 7ine Ata!

:D Rige 7ine :a


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K

3

Ioua!" (

Ioua!" -

322-

322(

A

D

:

@ A@ Rige 7ine Ata!

:D Rige 7ine :a


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RETURN OF S@A7ERETURN OF S@A7E


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RETURN OF S@A7ERETURN OF S@A7E(alter N6 $??$31$= S"ar!%n%6 1>0$3100)(alter N6 $??$31$= S"ar!%n%6 1>0$3100)

; AK α 7 β

∀α L β 1 3 constant return to scale∀α L β 2 1 3 Increasing return to scale∀α L β 1 3 decreasing return to scale


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IIn/rea!ing RTSn/rea!ing RTS

K

3

Io (

Io -

2

4

A

Io 0

A: :@


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@%n!tant RTS@%n!tant RTS

K

3

Io (

Io -

2

4

A

Io 1

A: :@


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De/rea!ing RTSDe/rea!ing RTS

K

3

Io (

Io -

2

4

A

Io (7

A: 2 :@



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MU7TIP7E REGRESSIONMU7TIP7E REGRESSION

; :ent"5 7inear

; β? L β1B1 L β$B$ L β'B' L CL E (P%& )

; ,? L ,1B1 L ,$B$ L ,'B' L CL e (Sa#&)

; :ent"5 7%g (); ,?L ,1B1 L ,$B$L ,'B' L CL e

; :ent"5 A!li 3; ,?B1,1B$,$B',' Ce FP @%, D%"gla!

In&"t aria,elIn&"t aria,el


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In&"t aria,elIn&"t aria,el

1. M%al

$. Tenaga5er8a

'. Tanah

. :i,it

*. O,at

+. Kela! Tanah

. M"!i#

0. P"&"5

>. Penii5an

1?.Jeni! Kela#in

1. S"5"

$. Aga#a

'. De!a K%ta

. Dataran

*. Te5n%l%gi

+. I,aah

. Mana8e#en

0. Ja# Ker8a

>. Pelatihan

1?.Keahlian !e,iang



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TRANFORMATION @URETRANFORMATION @URE

I!%"ant F"ng!i Pr%"5!i


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I!%"ant F"ng!i Pr%"5!i

7e%ntie

K

7


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@ONTO4 SOA7

PENE7ESAIAN

SOA7 7ATI4AN


@%nt%h 3 FP g @ara 7agrange M"lti&lier (@%nt%h 3 FP g @ara 7agrange M"lti&lier (λλ))


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Di5etah"i 3

A: 1.??? Se


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. S",!tit"!i5an &er!a#aan engan *

MPP# (?6*)*M-?6*TK?6* - $λ H $ *M-?6*TK?6* - λ ?MPPt5 (?6*)*M?6*TK-?6* - λ H 1 (?6*)*M?6*TK-?6* - λ ?

---------------------------------

*M-?6*TK?6* $6*M?6*TK-?6*

*TK?6* $6*M?6*

--------- ---------- 7TK 8 (,7M M 8 ( TK

M?6* TK?6*

0. 4a!il &er! #a!"55an 5e &er! + 1??? - $M - TK ?

1??? - $($TK) - TK ?

1??? - 0TK ? TK 8 -(7 M 8 (7


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7an8"tan C7an8"tan C

>. Dari 0 #a!"55an 5e 1 3

*M?6*TK?6*

*($*?)?6*(1$*)?6*

*√$*? H √1$* *(1*60) H 11610

00'6$

1?. Sarat #en/a&ai Ma5!i#i!a!i Pr%"5!i a&,l6 ,"5ti 3

1??? $M L TK

1??? $($*?) L (1$*)

1??? 1???

GAM:ARGAM:AR


75/79


GAM:ARGAM:AR

1??? $M L TK1??? $M L TK

K

322

3

7

(7-(7

(7

Io43

GAM:AR TURUN


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GAM:AR TURUNGAM:AR TURUN

K

3

E-

7

(7-(7

(7E(

9

DEMAND OF 7A:OR


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DEMAND OF 7A:ORDEMAND OF 7A:OR

K

3

E-

7

(7-(7

(7 E(

3

E-

(7-(7

E(

D3

-

(

O ODEMAND OF 7A:OR


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DEMAND OF 7A:ORDEMAND OF 7A:OR

K

3

E-

3- 3(

K E(

3

E-

3- 3(

E(

D3

-

(


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