Lehrstuhl Informatik V (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke Marc Spaniol Yiwei Cao Ralf Klamma I5-SCKl-0907-1/19 The 2 nd European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning A Media Theoretical Approach to Technology Enhanced Learning in Non-Technical Disciplines Marc Spaniol, Yiwei Cao and Ralf Klamma Sissi, Greece, 19 th of September 2007
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Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-1/19
The 2nd European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning
A Media Theoretical Approach to Technology Enhanced Learning
in Non-Technical Disciplines
Marc Spaniol, Yiwei Cao and Ralf KlammaSissi, Greece, 19th of September 2007
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-2/19
Agenda• Motivation
- Communities of Practice in Non-Technical Disciplines- Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) in Non-Technical Disciplines
• Media-centric TEL in Communities- Theory of Transcriptivity- SECI-Model (Socialization – Externalization – Combination – Internalization)
• Information System Support for Media-centric TEL- A media theory for computer science- TEL-Services based on a Lightweight Application Server (LAS)
Communities of Practice (CoPs)in Non-Technical Disciplines
• Characteristics of CoPs [Wenger 1998] in Non-Technical Disciplines (e.g. the Cultural Sciences)
- Collaboration in the Scope of a (Research)-Project- Legitimate Peripheral Participation- Limited financial Resources for Computer Scientific Support
• Typical Working Practices- Recontextualization of Artifacts based on the underlying Theory
Comparison, Discussion und Commenting von ArchivesApplicable Opinion to be discussed in a specific Context
⇒ Keeping Discourse going on, not deciding true/false- Work on Terminology based on evolutionary Categorizations- Individual Modifications of Multimedia Contents (Variations)- Creation of Reference Collections
Fluid Archive
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-4/19
Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) in Non-Technical Disciplines
• How does Learning take place?- Partition of scientific Disciplines based on Snow: „The Two Cultures“ [1959]- Linear: Model „Natural Sciences and Engineering Sciences“
Old Knowledge is replaces by new KnowledgeMedial Artifacts disappear in the Archive, but remain quotable
⇒ Knowledge is „transported“- Non-linear: Model „Cultural Sciences and Humanities“
New Knowledge emerges from the Discourses about old KnowledgeMedial Artifacts are kept in dynamic Archives
⇒ Knowledge is medial „illustrated“• How to support the non-linear Model of Knowledge Organization and
Creation by means of Information Systems?⇒ Combining:
Operational Media Theory and Knowledge Management Theory
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-5/19
Theory of Transcriptivity• Media Operations
- Transcription: Improving readability and making sense of Pre-Texts- Addressing: Transforming „unaddressed“ Information in „addressed“ Messages- Localization: Adopting Media to local Practices
• “Interleaved” Media Operations• Interdependencies
Multimedia Content ↔ Community Context not systematized
Pre-Texts Transcriptinter- resp. intra-media Transcription
understanding&
critiqueTranskribieren – Medien/Lektüre
[Jäger, Stanitzek 02]
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-6/19
Refined SECI-Model• Combination of western and asian Knowledge Theories• Continuous Knowledge Transformation: Individual ↔ Community• Media Operations and Security Aspects disregarded
implicit Knowledge
explicitKnowledge
Transformationinto
Socialization Externalization
Internalization Combination
procedural declarative
episodicdeclarative semantic
implicit Knowledge
Transformationfrom
explicit Knowledge
The Knowledge Creating Company [Nonaka & Takeuchi 95]
The Declarative/ Procedural Model[Ullman 2004]
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-7/19
A Media Theoretical Approach to TEL• Synthesis of Theory of Transcriptivity and SECI-Model• Focus on Media-theoretic Aspects in
Knowledge Organization and Creation
Combination:formal Localization
Externalization:Transcription
Socialization:practical Localization
Internalization:Addressing
TranscriptPre-Texts
Transcriptin
Context
EC-TEL 2007 [Spaniol et al.]
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-8/19
TEL-Services based on aLightweight Application Server (LAS)
I-Know 2006 [Spaniol et al.]ICWL 2007 [Spaniol et al.]
LAS Components
LAS Services
HTT
PSO
AP
Session-/Security-/User-Management Oth
erP
roto
cols
…Web-Interface(JSP, PHP, etc.)
Java- Application
…
OtherClients
Conn
ecto
rs
Key Features :- 3-Tier Architecture - Java based Implementation- Connectors - Access Control on Service- and Object-Level- Components (internal) - MPEG-7/21 compliant Multimedia-Services - Services (internal & external) - Extension and Replacement of Services at Runtime
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-9/19
Access Control in LAS
Relevant Data- Users / Agents- Groups
(hierarchical ordered)- Security Objects
(e.g. Multimedia Artifacts)
Access Right Management- Permissions / Prohibitions- Roles
(Method Level)
- Access Control Lists (Object Level)
LAS ServiceConnector Client LAS ServerConnector
1 Invoke method M of service S
1.1 Instantiate S, if necessary
Check Access Rights
1.2 Call M on S
1.E AccessDeniedException
1.2E2 LASException
1.2E1 LASServiceException
1.4 Transmit result1.3 Return result
Clie
nt
Server
1.2E1a SecurityException
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-10/19
MPEG-7-Services in LAS
LAS
MPEG-7-HighLevelService
MPEG-7-HighLevelServiceStarter
i5.atlas.las.service.mpeg7
i5.atlas.las.service.mpeg7.highlevelservice
i5.las.api
Service
ServiceStarter
1 org.apache.xmlbeans
mpeg.mpeg7.schema.2001
MPEG-7-Service<<import>>
<<import>>
<<connection>>
i5.las.dbcomponent
LAS-DB-Connector
1
MPEG-7 Database-
eXistIBM DB2 Version 8
Oracle 10g
Key Features:- MPEG-7 compliant Creation, Retrieval, Update, Deletion and Validation of Contents- Persistency based on a MPEG-7 XML-Database (IBM, Oracle, eXist)- Automatic MPEG-7-Binding via Apache XMLBeans
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-11/19
Multimedia Management in LAS
Key Features:- Media Management via associated Community-FTP-Server- LAS Access Control
Client
Media Service
HTT
P-C
onne
ctor
Session-/Security-/Session-Management
LAS FTP Server
1.2.
3.
5.
4.
6.
?
?
Or
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-12/19
LAS-Summary• Community Support
- Java Platform Independence- Easy to Maintain and Extend at Runtime- Core Services for Community-Administration- Fine-grained Access Control
Method LevelObject Level
⇒ „Security-First“-Concept⇒ Platform for Community-Hosting
• TEL Support- Interoperable (Multimedia) Metadata- Cross-Community Support by MPEG-7/21 Compliance- Automatic Conversion to/from Dublin Core⇒ Schema-compliant MPEG-7/21 Modifications via XMLBeans
⇒ Better Community and Multimedia Support than comparable Application Server such as Tomcat or Zope/Plone
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-13/19
Virtual CampfireTEL-Services applied
- Exchange of Multimedia Artifacts
- Protection of geo-spatial Data of unauthorized access (e.g. Tomb Raiders)
- RecontextualizationMultimedia Contents via non-linear Stories
- MPEG-7 based semantic Multimedia Annotations
ICWL 2006: [Spaniol et al.]Knowledge Management Strategies 2007: [Spaniol et al.]
Support of an International Community of Researchers in order toPreserve the Afghan Cultural Heritage by:
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-14/19
TranscriptionCollaborative Content Creation
• Creation & Management:- Media Collections- Metadata- Media Variations
• Collaborative Indexing based on:- Free Text Annotations (a lá Flickr)- Semantic MPEG-7 Basetypes
AgentEventConceptObjectPlaceTimeState
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-15/19
Formalized LocalizationEpisodic Knowledge in non-linear Stories
• Illustration of episodic Knowledge- Modeling of non-linear Stories based on Movement Oriented Design (MOD)
[Sharda 2005]; Cooperation with Victoria Universität Melbourne, Australia- Decomposition of Stories according to a Problem-Hierarchy- Recall of semantic high-quality Metadata on Multimedia Artifacts
Structure of Begin-Middle-End-Sequences
„Mapping“ of (Sub)-Problemsto Multimedia Artifacts
Structured Access to Contents of theMultimedia Archive
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-16/19
AddressingContextualized Multimedia Presentations
• Non-linear Access Sequences in multimedia Stories, i.e. „Success vs. Failure“ depending on Access Sequence
• Context Information via Multimedia Annotations
Currently selected Artifact
Optional Successor-Sequences
Free Text Annotations
MPEG-7 based Annotations
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-17/19
Virtual Campfire – Experiences• Evaluated by
- Researchers at the Chair of Urban History, RWTH Aachen- Working Group of Prof. Nalin Sharda
at Victoria University Melbourne, Australia• Positive Aspects
- Combination of semantic and episodic Knowledge in TELby non-linear Multimedia Stories
- MOD-Structure serves as Guideline for the creation of “useful” Stories- Web 2.0 alike Participation
• Usage of MPEG-7- „Folksonomies“ based on MPEG-7 semantic Basetypes- MPEG-7 Basetypes used for geo-spatial and spatio-temporal Descriptions- Semantic search by regular Expressions⇒ Annotations with MPEG-7 Basetypes increase the Data Quality
• Open Issues- Application on mobile end Devices (e.g. usage of MPEG-21)- User modeling (e.g. by use of IMS LIP or IEEE PAPI)
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-18/19
Conclusions• Experiences in using Virtual Campfire in non-technical Disciplines
- A media theory for Computer Science as a Model of Knowledge Organization and Creation in TEL
- TEL-Services allow an „evolutionary“ Service DevelopmentEasy to Maintain and Extend at RuntimeCore Services for Community-Administration
• Transfer of Results in different Application Domains- Entrepreneurial Training (VEL – Virtual Entrepreneurship Lab)- Plastics Technology (TRAMP – T.ool for R.epresentation & A.nnotation of
M.ultimedia Content in P.lastics Engineering)
Lehrstuhl Informatik V(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
Marc SpaniolYiwei Cao
Ralf Klamma
I5-SCKl-0907-19/19
Outlook• Further Development of Virtual Campfire towards mobile Community-Hosting in the
research cluster on "Ultra High-Speed Mobile Information and Communication (UMIC)" - GPS-Embedding- Mobile End Devices- Location Awareness
• Conceptual Enhancements- Graphical Editors for User Interface Design in Communities- Modeling of Media Usage based on the Actor-Network-Theory- Analysis of “Agency and Patienthood” Phenomena in Communities