A look at matter

A look at matter

Atoms, elements,

compounds and

mixtures

What’s the Matter?

Defining Matter

• Items that are clearly matter are all objects, or

things, that are tangible.

• Matter has some sort of dimension and substance to

it.

A good definition should work 100% of the time. Here

are some textbook definitions of matter:

• Matter: Anything that has substance and

takes up space.

• Matter: Anything that has mass and volume.

windcloudsmusic

“Everything that has mass and takes up space”

But not everything that affects us consists of

matter. Here is a list of 10 examples of non-

matter. Basically, any type of energy or any

abstract concept is an example of something that

is not matter.

time sound

light color

love thoughts

gravity microwaves

heat memories

information reflections

The universe consists of matter and energy. The

Conservation Laws state that the total amount of matter

and energy are constant in a reaction, but matter and

energy may change forms.

energy describes the ability to cause change. While

matter may have energy, they are different from each

other. Plus one can be converted to the other!

One easy way to tell matter and energy apart is to

ask yourself whether what you observe has mass.

If it doesn't, it's energy!

God is the Creator and Upholder of the universe. Without His control, the natural laws of chemistry and physics could not keep the universe rolling. “Let them praise the name of the Lord, for he commanded and they were created” Psalm 148:5.

Energy includes any part of the electromagnetic spectrum,

which includes visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-ray,

microwaves, radio, and gamma rays.

Other forms of energy are heat (which may be considered

infrared radiation), sound, potential energy, and kinetic

energy.

• So, Energy is not matter, but it affects

matter!

Why aren’t light and heat matter?

Remember: a way to distinguish between matter and

energy is to ask whether something takes up space.

Matter takes up space. You can put it in a container.

While gases, liquids, and solids take up space, light

and heat do not.

Usually matter and energy are found together, so it can

be tricky to distinguish between them. For example, a

flame consists of matter in the form of ionized gases and

particulates and energy in the form of light and heat.

You can observe light and heat, but you can't weigh

them on any scale.

summary

• Chemists study all kinds of matter.

• Matter is everything that has substance and

takes up space, or that has mass and

volume.

Your brain is an

example

of matter, ideas are

not.

What stuff is made of and how it reacts

Properties are used to identify, describe

and classify matter.

Physical properties

Physical Properties: Describe a

characteristic of a substance that can be

observed or measured without changing the

substance into something else.

examples of physical properties commonly

used in chemistry:

state (solid, liquid or gas), freezing point, boiling point, mass, volume, viscosity* and density

*viscosity - The resistance of a liquid to flowing.Low viscosity-waterHigh viscosity-honey

Physical properties of matter are categorized

as either: Intensive or Extensive:

Intensive - properties that do not depend on the amount of the matter present.

– color, odor, luster

– malleability, ductility, conductivity

– Density

Extensive – properties that change when the size of the sample changes.

• mass, volume, length

• total charge

Chemical properties

Chemical properties…

Describe the ability of a

substance to change

into a new substance

Chemical properties

can only be

observed when a

chemical change

occurs.

some chemical property examples:

• A common chemical property is reactivity.– Reactive to oxygen

– Reactive to air

– Reactive to water…

Other chemical properties commonly used in chemistry: flammability, corrosivity, oxidation*, and more

*oxidation - the loss of electrons.

Did you know?

Fruit exposed to the air is oxidized (oxygen steals

electrons from the compounds in the fruit’s cells) and

turns brown.

The process is very similar to the

rusting process of metals. The

oxidized form of these compounds

is different from the unoxidized form

and is, unfortunately, unappealing

to eat.

*oxidation - the loss of electrons.

antioxidantsMany 'superfoods' are advertised as containing

antioxidants. An antioxidant is a compound that

reduces the oxidation of other compounds.

In theory, consuming antioxidants will help our bodies

fight off the harmful effects of oxidation, keeping our

cells and enzymes happy and healthy. In other words,

eating things like blueberries and chocolate will

help our insides from looking like

browning fruit.

Physical and chemical

changes

How do you Know?

Remember: You can change substances physically and

chemically.

Physical Changes -- Do Not form new substances.

Chemical Changes -- Do form new substances.

Physical

changea change that

affects one or more

physical property

Test for a physical change

- can it be “undone”?

Because physical changes do not

fundamentally alter the identity of

the substance, they are often easy to

undo.

The most common physical change: PHASE CHANGES

Matter most commonly is found in 3 main states:

Solid liquid gas

Increasing or decreasing energy will cause many substances to change

their state (phase change) but when the energy is removed (or added

back) the substance returns to its original state.

+ energy

- energy

Some examples of physical

changes:

chemical

changea change that alters

the substance and

changes it into

something new

:

Test for a chemical change – can it

be undone?Are the properties of the new

substance different than the

original properties?

How can you tell if a physical or

chemical change has taken place?

• A precipitate is formed • density changes

• Heat is released • a color change

• Gas is produced • light or sound is produced

• pH changes • A new odor is formed

Is it a physical or chemical change?

Breaking glass

Frying an egg

Shaking pop

Ice pack

Burning a match

Freezing

water

Hand warmers

Cooking

macaroni

Rusting car

Boiling water

Chopping

veggies

Baking a cake

Let’s Do

CHEMISTRY

video physical and chemical changes

SORT IT OUT

Is a physical or chemical

change occurring?