A. Locate on a world and regional political- physical map: the St. Lawrence River, Hudson Bay, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, the Great Lakes, Canadian.
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Slide 1
a. Locate on a world and regional political- physical map: the
St. Lawrence River, Hudson Bay, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, the
Great Lakes, Canadian Shield, and Rocky Mountains. SS6G5 The
student will locate selected features of Canada.
Slide 2
SS6G5 Physical Features
Slide 3
Canada shares its entire southern border with US St. Lawrence
River: stretches from Lake Ontario to the Gulf of St. Lawrence
allowed explorers to travel deep into North America continues to be
a trade route today Great Lakes: Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake
Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario
Slide 4
SS6G5 Physical Features Canadian Shield: Area known for its
thin, rocky soil and rough, rolling landscape rich in minerals
Covers large part of eastern & central Canada Rocky Mountains:
Stretch over 3,000 miles from British Colombia to New Mexico
Slide 5
a. Describe how Canadas location, climate, and natural
resources have affected where people live. b. Describe how Canadas
location, climate, and natural resources impact trade. SS6G6 The
student will explain the impact of location, climate, distribution
of natural resources, and population distribution on Canada.
Slide 6
SS6G6a- Where People Live Canadas Location: Largest country in
western hemisphere 2 nd largest country in world (land area)
Important location between US & Russia Population=33 million,
90% live within 100 miles of US border (east & central) in
cities Mexico has 3x the population US has 9x the population 9
major seaports & excellent railroads and highways
Slide 7
SS6G6a- Where People Live Canadas Climate: Few Canadians live
in the north where there are long, cold winters and short, cool
summers (freezing temps are possible in summer!!) Most Canadians
live in the southern part of the country
Slide 8
SS6G6a- Where People Live Canadas Natural Resources: Canada is
rich in natural resources which allows them to sell or trade their
extras with other countries Iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold,
lead, diamonds, silver Rivers & lakes = fish, fresh water,
hydroelectric power Good soil = crops (canola, wheat, other grains)
& forests (forests= wildlife) Coal, oil, natural gas Many
natural resources are in remote areas= Canadians live in small
communities spread across the country Goods are shipped to large
cities by rail or highway
Slide 9
SS6G6b- Locations Impact on Trade Canadas location =wonderful
trade opportunities 9 major seaports and numerous smaller ports on
the Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific = Easy trade with Europe, Asia,
Russia Trade on waterways - St. Lawrence & Great Lakes
Excellent system of highways, railroads, & air transportation
(made for cold weather) About 80% of Canadas exports come to the US
Only 5% of land is arable, but its a BIG 5%
Slide 10
a. Explain the major environmental concerns of Canada regarding
acid rain and pollution of the Great Lakes, the extraction and use
of natural resources on the Canadian Shield, and timber resources.
SS6G7 The student will discuss environmental issues in Canada.
Slide 11
SS6G7a-Environmental Issues Acid Rain: Pollutants from
factories, automobiles, coal-burning power plants 50-75% of
pollution in southern Canada is from US Can kill plants,
damage/kill trees, pollute lakes/rivers enough to kill fish,
dissolve stone statues Canadas actions: Passed laws to limit
pollution Requiring cars to produce less pollution Working with
factories to decrease pollution Encourage Canadians to walk, bike,
take bus
Slide 12
SS6G7a-Environmental Issues Pollution of Great Lakes (GL):
Water from GL is used for drinking & factories Share GL with
US, so must work together 1972 & 2002 - GL Water Quality
Agreement=both countries agree to reduce phosphorus (used in
chemicals, pesticides, toothpaste, detergent, explosives) which can
kill plant and animal life
Slide 13
SS6G7a-Environmental Issues Canadian Shield: Large area
covering most of the central & eastern portion of Canada
surrounding Hudson Bay = near most populated areas of Canada Soil
is thin & rocky with minerals underneath = mines that produce
gold, silver, copper, zinc, lead, iron ore, uranium, and nickel 1.5
million people mine = lots of pollution & damages environment
Slag (leftover rock) is dumped Mining spews sulfur dioxide into
air=acid rain (kills plants, animals) Chemicals from mines are
dumped into rivers, streams (killing plants, animals) Canada has
passed laws to reduce mining pollution
Slide 14
SS6G7a-Environmental Issues Timber Industry in Canada: Forests
cover almost half of Canada Mills make lumber, plywood, and wood
pulp for paper Animals and plants depend on forest for survival
Forests produce oxygen and filter pollution Clear-cutting is major
concern Reduced water quality, erosion, loss of wildlife habitat
Heavy machinery compacts soil making it hard to grow seeds Govt
& Industry are working together to manage forests 100s of
millions of seeds & seedlings are planted each year logging
industry spends over $100 million yearly to protect wildlife and
their habitats
Slide 15
Civics/Government of Canada SS6CG1 The student will compare and
contrast various forms of government. a. Describe the ways
government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and
federal. b. Explain how governments determine citizen
participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic. c. Describe
the two predominate forms of democratic governments: parliamentary
and presidential.
Slide 16
CG1a-How Govt Systems Distribute Power 1. Unitary The state has
power to create cities/counties or to break them up & dissolve
the governments if it desires Ex. Cuba, Bolivia, US state of
Georgia
Slide 17
CG1a-How Govt Systems Distribute Power 2. Confederation
Voluntary membership for defense, trade, common currency Most or
all members must agree to decisions/changes & members can
veto=WEAK central government Ex. US Articles of Confederation 1777-
1787 (Constitution of US=federal govt)
Slide 18
CG1a-How Govt Systems Distribute Power 3. Federal Power divided
between central govt & small divisions such as states Document
(constitution) describes rights, responsibilities, & duties of
central govt & states=POWERFUL central govt Cannot dissolve
states or choose leaders States cannot declare war-only central
govt Ex. Canada, US, Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela
Slide 19
CG1b-Citizen Participation 1. Autocratic/Autocracy Power is
held by ONE person- Sometimes inherited, sometimes taken by
military force Ex. Incan Empire (ruler had absolute power) 3 types:
Dictatorship (Hitler) Constitutional Monarchy (UK) Absolute
Monarchy
Slide 20
CG1b-Citizen Participation 2. Oligarchic/Oligarchy Power is
held by FEW (family, clan) Power comes from wealth, social status,
or military power Elections held only 1 candidate Ex. Ancient
Greece & Rome
Slide 21
CG1b-Citizen Participation 3. Democratic/Democracy Power is
held by THE PEOPLE Individual freedom & equality is valued 2
types: Direct Democracy (Ancient Athens) People vote on ALL issues
Representative Democracy (Republic, USA) Representatives elected by
people vote
Slide 22
CG1c-Democratic Governments 1. Parliamentary Democracy Citizens
elect members of parliament (MPs) MPs elect leader among themselves
called Prime Minister=chief executive Chief Ex heads military,
enforces laws, and keep country running Head of state=symbolic
leader (king/queen) Ex. Australia, Canada, UK
Slide 23
CG1c-Democratic Governments 2. Presidential Democracy Citizens
elect members of legislature President=Chief Ex. & head of
state President runs govt & heads military Legislature makes
laws Ex. US, Mexico, Most South Am. countries
Slide 24
Civics/Government of Canada SS6CG3 The student will explain the
structure of the national government of Canada. a. Describe the
structure of the Canadian government as a constitutional monarchy,
a parliamentary democracy, and a federation, distinguishing the
role of the citizen in terms of voting and personal freedoms.
Slide 25
CG3 Canadas Government Government=constitutional monarchy
Monarch (king/queen) of UK is head of state and symbolic leader but
has little real power Canadas constitution explains governments
structure & explains citizens rights Canada=parliamentary
democracy Citizens elect MPs who elect PM
Slide 26
CG3 Canadas Government Federal Government Power divided between
central govt & ten provinces Provinces can write own laws &
elect own leaders including Premier (like Canadas PM) Personal
freedom is among highest in world Voting=18 & up several
political parties Freedom to travel & trade Personal property
rights are protected by law & enforced by excellent court
system
Slide 27
E CONOMICS SS6E1 The student will analyze different economic
systems. a. Compare how traditional, command, and market, economies
answer the economic questions of 1-what to produce, 2-how to
produce, and 3-for whom to produce. b. Explain how most countries
have a mixed economy located on a continuum between pure market and
pure command. c. Compare and contrast the basic types of economic
systems found in Canada, Cuba, and Brazil.
Slide 28
SS6E1 A -E CONOMIC Q UESTIONS Economics=making decisions about
distributing limited resources to get the unlimited number of
things we want & need
Slide 29
3 E CONOMIC Q UESTIONS WHAT to produce? HOW to produce? FOR
WHOM to produce? SS6E1 A -E CONOMIC Q UESTIONS
Slide 30
Supply=amount of goods available Demand=how many consumers want
the goods Law of Supply & Demand= determines price of
goods/services based on supply & demand Scarcity=limited supply
of something SS6E1 A -E CONOMIC Q UESTIONS
Slide 31
Economic Systems 1. Traditional 2. Command 3. Market 4. Mixed
SS6E1 A -E CONOMIC Q UESTIONS
Slide 32
SS6E1 A 1. TRADITIONAL Exchange of goods or services based on
customs or traditions Jobs are usually passed down from generation
to generation (farming, hunting & gathering, cattle herding)
Ex. Yanomamo Indians in Brazil & Venezuela
Slide 33
SS6E1 A 2. COMMAND Economy in which the government owns most
industries and makes most economic decisions Quota=how much to
produce in a given time Government assigns quota to each worker so
that everyone will have what they need when they need it Prices
& wages are set by government Ex. Cuba
Slide 34
SS6E1 A 3. MARKET Economy where consumers help determine what
is to be produced by buying or not buying certain goods or services
AKA free enterprise, capitalism, and laissez-faire Ex. Canada, US,
Mexico, Brazil
Slide 35
SS6E1 B 4. M IXED E CONOMY There are NO pure command or market
economies All economies have characteristics of both, but favor one
more than other
Slide 36
SS6E1 C -C OMPARING E CONOMIC S YSTEMS Canada Economic System??
Market Economy What to produce? (who decides?) Private citizens and
corporations How to produce? (who decides) Private citizens and
corporations For Whom to produce? (who decides?) Private citizens
and corporations
Slide 37
SS6E1 C -C OMPARING E CONOMIC S YSTEMS Canada Who decides
distribution methods for goods and services? Private citizens and
corporations Who owns businesses and farms? Private citizens and
corporations Who decides prices for goods and services? Buyers and
sellers based on supply and demand How difficult is it to start
your own business? Very easy, in a few days
Slide 38
SS6E2 SS6E2 The student will give examples of how voluntary
trade benefits buyers and sellers in Latin America and the
Caribbean and Canada. a. Explain how specialization encourages
trade between countries. b. Compare and contrast different types of
trade barriers, such as tariffs, quotas, and embargos. c. Explain
the functions of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
d. Explain why international trade requires a system for exchanging
currencies between nations.
Slide 39
SS6E2 A - S PECIALIZATION Division of Labor= when work is
divided into different parts and each worker is allowed to become
an expert in his/her part of the work (specialization)
Specialization means a company can produce more goods in less time
for less cost = more profit
Slide 40
SS6E2 B - T RADE B ARRIERS Trade=voluntary exchange of goods
and services among people and countries Both parties benefit when
trade is voluntary & non-fraudulent
Slide 41
SS6E2 B - T RADE B ARRIERS Some countries limit trade by
creating trade barriers. They believe trade barriers will help the
workers in their own country. Tariff=tax on imports Quota=specific
limit placed on the number of imports that may enter a country
Embargo=government order stopping trade with another country (US
has embargo against Cuba)
Slide 42
SS6E2 C - NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement= (1994) US,
Mexico, & Canada signed agreement to remove all tariffs on
goods traded among these 3 countries Created worlds largest free
trade zone
Slide 43
SS6E2 D - C URRENCIES Currency= money people use to make trade
easier Exchange rate= price of one nations currency in terms of
another nations currency determined by supply & demand
Slide 44
SS6E3 SS6E3 The student will describe factors that influence
economic growth and examine their presence or absence in Latin
America. a. Explain the relationship between investment in human
capital (education and training) and gross domestic product (GDP).
b. Explain the relationship between investment in capital
(factories, machinery, and technology) and gross domestic product
(GDP). c. Describe the role of natural resources in a countrys
economy. d. Describe the role of entrepreneurship.
Slide 45
SS6E3 A -H UMAN C APITAL & GDP Gross Domestic Product:
Gross = total of all goods and services Domestic = produced within
the borders of a country Product = final goods and services
produced within one year
Slide 46
SS6E3- GDP STATISTICS The EU is #1 at $15.7 trillion United
States is #2 at $15.6 trillion Canada is #14 at $1.446 trillion
Brazil is #8 at $2.3 trillion Mexico is #12 at $1.7 trillion
Venezuela is #34 at $402.1 billion Cuba is #68 at $114.1 billion
CIA World Fact Book
Slide 47
SS6E3 A -H UMAN C APITAL & GDP SS6E3 B - P HYSICAL C APITAL
& GDP The higher the GDP, the higher the standard of living
Must invest in human capital & physical capital to increase GDP
Human: education, training, healthcare = more productive workers
Physical: factories, machinery, technology, buildings, etc. =
increase production
Slide 48
SS6E3 C - N ATURAL R ESOURCES Natural Resources = gifts of
nature such as forests, water, and fertile soil A country with lots
of natural resources does not have to spend money to get what they
need & they can trade/sell excess A country with few natural
resources must import the things they need, adding to the cost of
goods & services The more natural resources = the higher the
standard of living
Slide 49
SS6E3 D - ENTREPRENEURSHIP Entrepreneur = person who starts his
own business usually with his own money Entrepreneurs hire workers,
pay taxes, and encourage trade within the country & with other
countries (creating more jobs!) Very easy to start a business in
Canada
Slide 50
a. Describe the influence of the French and the English on the
language and religion of Canada. b. Explain how Canada became an
independent nation. SS6H4 The student will describe the impact of
European contact on Canada. History of Canada
Slide 51
SS6H4a-Language & Religion Settlers came mainly from Great
Britain & France bringing their language and religion with them
Great Britain got control of Canada in 1763 as a result of the
French & Indian War (GB defeated France) Nearly 70% of
Canadians speak English as 1 st language English & French
=official languages of govt & business English settlers were
non-Catholic Christians
Slide 52
SS6H4a-Language & Religion While Europeans settled
throughout Canada, Quebec was mostly French settlers 81% of Quebecs
citizens speak French as 1 st language French is official language
of govt & business in Quebec All signs in Quebec MUST be in
French, English is optional If English is used, it must be smaller
size All Govt documents are in French and English French settlers
were Roman Catholic 80% Quebec = Roman Catholic 44% Canada = Roman
Catholic
Slide 53
SS6H4b-Canadas Independence British North American Act of 1867
Provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec Named this
area Dominion of Canada Gave Canada its own Parliament & Prime
Minister Same monarch for Canada & Great Britain Canadian
military had to be part of UKs military (after WWIs major loss of
life, Canadians worked toward independence so they would not be
forced to join UKs military this took from 1931-1982 ) Canada is
now independent, but still under same monarch as Great Britain
UK=GB+N.Ireland
Slide 54
a. Describe Quebecs independence movement. By the 1860s, people
in Canada wanted to be united so they asked the British Parliament
to create a constitution allowing for increased self-government
Separatists=people who want Quebec to be independent SS6H5 The
student will analyze important contemporary issues in Canada.
History of Canada