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Linked Data is not Semantic Web
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Source: https://baojiebaojie.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/semantic_web_technology_stack.png
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Linked Data Vision
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Linked Open Data Principles
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Source:
https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
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Problem: Martec's Law
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Technology is changing very rapidly…
… but changing an organization — how it thinks and behaves — is still hard and slow.
Time
Quantity
of
change
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How Linked Data could help…
Simplemodels
Simplequeries
Simplerules
Simple implementations
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SIMPLE MODELS
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Pieter Pauwles, Ana Roxin. simpleBIM. In Proceedings of ECPPM, Sept 2016, CIC-Press.
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Why we need to go further ?
Industry standards
• IFC
• COBie
• bSDD
• etc.
Adapted to ontologies
• ifcOWL
• COBieOWL
• etc.
Interlinking !
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… but their practical use remains complex and
difficult !
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Applications
Vision
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Linked Open Data Model
Window^^@EN
Fenêtre^^@FR Door Stairs
… ……
Ontologies
ifcOWL COBieOWL bSDD …
Query,
Manipulate
Map,
Expose
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SIMPLE QUERIES
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Query 1
◼ Show me all the doors and the stairs in thisbuilding !
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Query 2
◼ Show me all doors and windows in the building !
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Still..
◼ A simple query takes around 10ms in our environment
◼ View extraction cannot be done real-time� Query 1: >19 hours
� Query 2: 17 min
◼ Mainly impacted by disk access time & memory load
◼ Could be improved by:� parallelizing queries
� "trade-off" between simple and complex queries
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SIMPLE RULES
User Views
OWL Ontology Interoperability
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Problem
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ifcOWL
MVD
How to combine them ?
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Adapting MVDs into logical rules
mvdXML
• Gathering of MVD data constraints for the considered case (e.g. COBie)
Rule file
• Mapping of constraints into logical rules
(IF→THEN)
• Using URIs of ifcOWL concepts
Triple store
• Use a query language to retrieve data, originally described using the IFC model
April
12th
MVD16
→ A rule-based system to
construct building views
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Case study : COBieMVD
◼ We can directly use a query language to retrieve COBie data that is originally described using the IFC model
?x a cobieowl:Contact .
?x cobieowl:email ?email.
?x a ifcowl:IfcActor .
?x ifcowl:name_IfcRoot ?y.
?y expr:hasString ?z
becomes
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Defining Views through Rules
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Abstract views
• Pre-defined, stored and exchanged
Concrete views
• Built from IFC data
• Using abstract view definitions (i.e. rules).
Easily configurable
• Set of concepts (C)
• Set of GUIDs (G)
• Set of IFC relationships (R)
A rule-based system to construct
building views
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Building Enveloppe View
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C = {BuildingEnvelope}
G = { }
R = { IfcRelDecomposes, IfcRelContainedInSpatialStructure, IfcRelVoidsElement, IfcRelFillsElement, IfcRelDefinesByProperties }.
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SIMPLE IMPLEMENTATION
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Related Problem
Data Integration
ifcOWL
ifcWOD
COBieOWL
simpleBIM
SIMModel
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Federated Architecture for OWL Ontologies
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Autonomous ontologies
Mapped through rules
Controlled by inference
FOWLA
OntoN
Onto2Onto1
ifcOWLCOBieOWL
Rule inference:
- automatic "translation" between formats
- automatic inference of modifications in aligned ontologies
COBieMVD
Tarcisio Mendes de Farias, Ana Roxin, Christophe Nicolle. SWRL-rule Selection Methodology for Ontology Interoperability.
In Data and Knowledge Engineering, Oct 2015, Elsevier.
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Query Execution
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Onto1
Onto2
OntoN
How to express queries ?How long does it take to
get an answer ?
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So let's see query execution time…Query name SPARQL Query
Q1 SELECT ?x ?y WHERE { ?x cobieowl:name ?y . }
Q2 SELECT ?x ?y WHERE { ?x a ifcowl:IfcElement. ?x cobieowl:name ?y.}
Q3SELECT ?x ?u WHERE { ?x a onto1:C11 . ?y a onto2:C22 .
?x onto1:p12 ?y . ?y onto1:p11 ?x . }
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Query KBMean execution
time (s)
Standard
deviation (σσσσ)#RuleSet #Results
Q1
KB1 - - 474 0
KB2 - - 266 0
KB3 9.25 12.21 178 1683
KB4 2.23 1.78 16 38318
Q2
KB1 - - 474 0
KB2 - - 266 0
KB3 32.99 0.75 178 74
KB4 0.16 0.04 2 74
Q3
KB1 - - 474 0
KB2 - - 266 0
KB3 71.62 0.95 178 0
KB4 0.88 0.43 5 9
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Conclusions – Collective Effort
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Editors
• Reuse standard vocabulary terms
• Help in defining mapping among ontologies' concepts
Consumers • Integrate the so-modelled data
Industrials &
researchers
• Define use cases !
• Define mappings among the standards' terms
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Ana Roxin
Thank you for your attention !
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