1 A Level Chemistry Summer Task Rationale: • work independently to develop a concrete understanding of the topic, in doing this demonstrate and extend your skills in preparation for this demanding course Expectation: • Build on GCSE prior knowledge using sound research skills • Present information clearly using diagrams and equations with an aim to minimise the word count of your work to develop a concrete understanding of the topic • Test your understanding using genuine A Level standard questions, and if necessary review your work to extend your understanding Topic Area: Alkanes and Petroleum Alkanes are the main constituent of crude oil, which is an important raw material for the chemical industry. Alkanes are also used as fuels and the environmental consequences of this must be considered in their use. Separation of Hydrocarbons in Crude oil by Fractional Distillation • Use examples to explain that alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons • Explain how the alkanes in crude oil are separated by fractional distillation • Define term fractions and give some uses of the fractions of crude oil Cracking is useful – why? How – two ways? • Describe how thermal and catalytic cracking are completed • Identify the types of compounds that are produced. • Compare the processes identifying similarities and differences. • Give reasons for the commercial benefits of cracking Combustion of Alkanes • Explain the terms complete and incomplete combustion of alkanes – use symbol equations justify your ideas • Explain how a number of pollutants including NOx, CO, C and unburned hydrocarbons are formed in the internal combustion engine - use symbol equations justify your ideas