A Larger World Opens : Expanded Influence of Western Civilization

1

A Larger World Opens: Expanded Influence of Western Civilization

Age of Exploration

2

Motives in the Age of Exploration

Attracted to East for silks and spices Difficult to trade with Islamic empires

• 1453 Byzantine Empire fell to Turks desire for wealth and adventure Tired of Ottoman and Venetian

middlemen getting all the profits religious zeal- save souls, converts Summary: Gold, Glory and God

3

Improvements in Navigation

Better maps, follow coasts at first, used compass

better ships- triangle AND square sails and new hull design, heavy enough to carry canon

use of astrolabe- magnetic compass sail by stars

knowledge of wind patterns

4

Better ships

5

De Verga Map 1411

6

Account of the Islands of the Mediterranean. Martellus, Henricus, Germanus; Florence 1489

7

Better Technology: Compass

8

From the Astrolabe…

9

…to the Sextant

10

Prince Henry the Navigator

1394-1460 Helped develop caravel Began exploring coast

of Africa at 21 following defeat of Barbary pirates

Sponsored explorers, cartographers

11

Why were the Portuguese first?

Location, location, location!• At the tip of the Iberian Peninsula, farther

from the Ottoman Empire, and very close to coast of Africa

12

Portuguese Explorers

Bartolomeo Diaz- made it to Cape of Good Hope 1488

Vasco de Gama- 1498 went in search of Christians and spices- arrived in India

1510 Portuguese flags in Goa, India and Macao, China

13

The Spanish

believed had to be a short cut by sailing west

Columbus- (Genoan) went west 1492 arrived in Caribbean thought it was the

Indies thus the west Indies- Magellan- around the world East and West divided- Pope drew a

line Spain and Portugal

14

Pattern of Contact

Begin by trading Armed conflict- Europeans had cannon set up trading partners- some stay to

protect partners and Europeans made alliances with local leaders Dutch and English less apt to become

involved with culture/religion developed mercantilism- material from

colony- buy finished products from Europe.

15

Slave Trade

Portuguese- trade with Africa- To Portugal as servants than to Brazil to work on plantations

Africans less susceptible to European diseases that Native Americans

But death rate was high 13-30% just on the trip

African middlemen active- depopulate entire areas of Africa- food from Americas helped increase birthrate

16

Spice Trade-East Indies

Very important to Europeans- made food palatable

Portuguese again led the way Spain in the Philippines- stayed till 1898 Dutch East India Company very

aggressive- competed with British East India Company

Both dominated the East Indies and India

17

Impact on World by European Contact

Purpose was to serve the homeland whether it was slaves, furs, cotton, fish, spices, tobacco, gold or silver. Colonies improved the lives of Europeans greatly.

In the Americas • More intermarriage by Spanish, Portuguese

and French• Disease was devastating. Measles,

influenza, smallpox• Violence common

18

The World Dominated by Europe(cont)

Africa- completely dominated by Europe- only one independent country Ethiopia

Southeast and Asia- French in Vietnam, British in Burma, Spanish in Philippines, Dutch in Indonesia

India- French and British compete- British win out, not independent until 1948

South America- Spanish dominated: Others joined ( French, Dutch, British, and Portuguese) too