A Large and Diverse Country ©2015HappyEdugator. WHERE DO CANADIANS LIVE? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1. MOST PEOPLE LIVE WHERE THE CLIMATE IS MILDER AND RESOURCES.

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ALL ABOUT CANADA

A Large and Diverse Country

CANADA’S GEOGRAPHY

WHERE DO CANADIANS LIVE?

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1. MOST PEOPLE LIVE WHERE THE CLIMATE IS MILDER AND RESOURCES ARE

PLENTIFUL.75 PERCENT OF CANADIANSLIVE IN TOWNS AND CITIES

INSOUTHERN CANADA. 2. AREAS SUITABLE FOR FARMING

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3. THE CANADIAN SHIELD IS RICH IN MINERALS AND MINING IS BIG HERE.

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4. THE GREAT LAKES AND ST.LAWRENCE RIVER VALLEY IS CANADA’S MOST POPULATED AREA, HAS FERTILE LAND, LARGE CITIES, AND TEMPERATE5

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5. FISHING

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6. FIRST NATION PEOPLE

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ABOUT 70 % OF CANADA’S MANUFACTURED GOODS AREPRODUCED IN THE GREATLAKES REGION.

LAKES, RIVERS, AND THE ST.LAWRENCE SEAWAY PROVIDE GOOD TRANSPORTATIONROUTES FOR EXPORT, HYDRO-ELECTRICITY FOR POWER, AND EASY TRADE BETWEEN CANADA AND THE U.S.A.

CANADA BOTH GIVES AND RECEIVES MOST OF ITS EXPORTS AND IMPORTS TO AND FROM THE U.S.A.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

ACID RAIN IS A BIG ISSUE IN ONTARIO AND QUEBEC WHERE POLLUTION FROM INDUSTRY AROUND THE GREAT LAKES IN CANADA AND THE U.S.A. IS CARRIED OVER AND DEPOSITED ON ROCKY SOIL IN THESE AREAS CAN’T NEUTRALIZE IT. THE ACID SEEPS INTO THE GROUND POISONING FORESTS, SOIL, AND LAKES.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

ACID RAIN CAUSES:

-POLLUTED FARMLAND-DEAD FORESTS-DEAD FISH IN CANADA AND THE GREAT LAKES-DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS MADE OF GRANITE, LIMESTONE, AND MARBLE-LOWER PROFITS FROM FISHING,FORESTRY, AND AGRICULTURE

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POLLUTION IS GREATLY HARMING THE GREAT LAKES. RUN OFF FROM FARMS, HIGHWAYS, INDUSTRIES, SEWAGE TREATMENT, PESTICIDES, FERTILIZERS, OIL, AND GREASE ARE ENTERING THE LAKES. CANADA AND THE U.S.A. ARE WORKING TOGETHER TO HELP SOLVE THESE CHALLENGES.

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TRADE TALK-CANADA’S NUMBER ONE TRADE PARTNER IS THE U.S.A.

-TRADE IS DETERMINED BY CLIMATE,LOCATION, AND NATURAL RESOURCES.

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TRADE TALK-FISHING IS RICH ON BOTH COASTS.

-HUGE FORESTS MAKE LUMBER A MAJOR TRADE PRODUCT.

-CANADA’S GREAT PLAINS PRODUCELARGE AMOUNTS OF WHEAT FOR CONSUMPTION AND TRADE.

-NICKEL, COPPER, GOLD, SILVER, ZINC, AND URANIUM COME FROM THE CANADIAN SHIELD ARE ALSO TRADED.

-CANADA IS SECOND ONLY TO SAUDI ARABIA IN OIL RESERVES

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THE CANADIAN SHIELDMINERALS, WATER, AND FORESTS ARE FOUND INTHE CANADIAN SHIELD.

MINING CAUSES TOXIC WASTE, HABITAT LOSS, EMISSIONS FROM PROCESSING MINERALS LEADING TO ACID RAIN.

CANADA IS #1 IN THE WORLD IN HYDRO-ELECTRIC PRODUCTION,BUT THIS CAUSES LOSS OF HABITAT, EROSION, AND FLOODING.

CLEAR CUTTING OF FORESTS FOR LUMBER CAN CAUSE EUTROPHICATION OF RIVERS. THIS IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH A BODY OF WATER BECOMES RICH IN DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS FROM FERTILIZERS OR SEWAGE, THEREBY ENCOURAGING THE GROWTH AND DECOMPOSITION OF OXYGEN-DEPLETING PLANT LIFE AND CAUSING DECREASED OXYGEN LEVELS FOR FISH.

CANADA IS A FEDERATION

-CANADA IS A FEDERATIONOF 10 PROVINCES AND 3 TERRITORIES.

-CANADA DIVIDES POWER BETWEEN A CENTRALGOVERNMENT AND THESEPOLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS.

-THE CENTRAL GOVT. HANDLES THINGS LIKENATIONAL DEFENSE AND TRADE.

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CANADA IS A FEDERATION

-POLITICAL UNITS HANDLE THEIR OWN LOCAL AFFAIRS

-CANADIANS VOTE AT AGE 18 UNIVERSALLY, AND FREEDOMS ARE ALMOSTIDENTICAL TO THOSE WE ENJOY IN THE U.S.A.

-CANADA HAS A MIXED MARKET ECONOMY

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Ten Provinces and Three Territories

AlbertaBritish ColumbiaManitobaNew BrunswickNewfoundlandNova ScotiaOntarioPrince Edward IslandQuebecSaskatchewan

Territory: Northwest TerritoriesTerritory: NunavutTerritory: Yukon

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AlbertaAlberta is the western most "prairie province". Edmonton is the capital city. Alberta became a province of Canada in 1905.The Rocky Mountains run down the border of Alberta and British Columbia and extend into the United States.

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British Columbia

British Columbia is the western most Canadian province. Victoria is the capital city. The Rocky Mountains run down the border of Alberta and British Columbia and extend into the United States.

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Manitoba

Manitoba is the eastern-most of the "prairie provinces". Winnipeg is the capital city. Manitoba became a province of Canada on July 15, 1870.

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New Brunswick

New Brunswick is one of Canada's ten provinces. It is an Atlantic or "Maritime" province. It can be found on the East Coast of the country, near the Atlantic Ocean.New Brunswick joined the Canadian Confederation in 1867.

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Newfoundland/Labrador

Newfoundland is one of Canada's ten provinces. It is an Atlantic or "Maritime" province. It can be found on the East Coast of the country, near the Atlantic Ocean. Newfoundland was Britain's first North American colony, claimed by John Cabot in 1497. Sir Gilbert officially proclaimed Newfoundland a colony of England in 1583.

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Nova ScotiaNova Scotia is one of Canada's ten provinces. It is an Atlantic or "Maritime" province. It can be found on the East Coast of the country, near the Atlantic Ocean. Nova Scotia joined the Canadian Confederation in 1867.

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OntarioOntario is the second largest Canadian province (in terms of area) and can be found on the map between Manitoba and Quebec. Toronto is the capital city of Ontario. Ottawa, the capital city of Canada, is also in Ontario.Ontario joined the Canadian Confederation in 1867.

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Prince Edward Island

Prince Edward Island is the smallest of Canada's ten provinces. It is an Atlantic or "Maritime" province. It can be found on the East Coast of the country, near the Atlantic Ocean.The province joined Confederation on July 1, 1873.

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Quebec

Quebec is the largest Canadian province (in terms of area) and can be found on the map east of Ontario. Quebec City is the capital of Quebec. The main language spoken in Quebec is French.Quebec joined the Canadian Confederation in 1867.

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Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan is the middle "prairie province". Regina is the capital city. Saskatchewan became a province of Canada on September 1, 1905.

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YukonYukon is the western-most Canadian territory. Whitehorse is the capital city. The Yukon Territory is bordered on the Western side by the U.S. State of Alaska. To the north is the Beaufort Sea and to the south is the Province of British Columbia.

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Northwest TerritoriesNorthwest Territories is the central Canadian territory. Yellowknife is the capital city.Up until, 1999 the Northwest Territories were twice the size. On April 1, 1999, it was split to recognize Nunavut as a separate territory.

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Nunavut

Nunavut is the eastern-most Canadian territory. Iqaluit is the capital city.Up until, 1999 Nunavut didn't exist. On April 1, 1999, the eastern portion of the Northwest Territories was carved out and the territory of Nunavut was born.

THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT

1. UNDER BRITISH CONSTITUTION UNTIL 19822. STILL CLOSELY ALIGNED WITH GREAT BRITAIN ©2015HappyEdugator

GOVERNMENT POINTS TO LEARN:

1. DEMOCRACY2. CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY3. HAS ITS OWN CONSTITUTION, BUT HEAD OF STATE IS MONARCH OF

GREAT BRITAIN.6. MONARCH CHOOSES GOVERNOR GENERAL THAT REPRESENTS MONARCH7. MONARCH AND GOVERNOR GENERAL HAVE VERY LITTLE REAL POWER8. PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY

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GOVERNMENT POINTS TO LEARN:9. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH HAS 3 PARTS

A. MONARCHB. SENATEC. HOUSE OF COMMONS

10. PARLIAMENT MAKES THE LAWS11. EXECUTIVE BRANCH HAS 3 PARTS

A. MONARCHB. PRIME MINISTERC. CABINET

12. JUDICIAL BRANCH INTERPRETS THE LAW13. PARLIAMENT CONTROLS MOST ALL OF THE POWER14. PRIME MINISTER IS HEAD OF GOVERNMENT, BUT ANSWERS

TO PARLIAMENT15. IF PRIME MINISTER LOSES SUPPORT, HE/SHE AND CABINET

MUST RESIGN

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HISTORYCANADA, HERE WE COME!

JOHN CABOT EXPLORED THE EAST COAST OF CANADA LOOKING FOR A PASSAGE TO ASIA, BUT HE RETURNED WITH STORIES OF FISH,FORESTS, AND BOUNTIFUL SUPPLIES. HIS STORIES LED OTHERS TO COME.

HISTORYCANADA, HERE WE COME!

FRENCHMAN, SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN, ESTABLISHED THE SETTLEMENT OF QUEBEC. IT WAS THE FIRST PERMANENT FRENCH SETTLEMENT IN THE NEW WORLD. FUR TRADING WITH LOCAL INDIANS BECAME FRANCE’S BUSINESS. THE FRENCH ESTABLISHED TRADING POSTS ALONG THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. THEY CALLED CANADA AND THE GREAT LAKES REGION “NEW FRANCE”. ENGLISH EXPLORERS WANTED IN ON IT ALL. FRANCE AND ENGLAND BEGAN A CONFLICT THAT WOULD LEAD TO WAR.

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THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

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THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WARFRANCE AND ENGLAND FOUGHT OVER CONTROL OF THE RESOURCE RICH PORTIONS OF NORTH AMERICA.-FRANCE SET UP FORTS ALL ALONG THE ST. LAWRENCE AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER DOWN TO NEW ORLEANS AND THE GULF OF MEXICO.-ENGLAND OWNED THE AMERICAN COLONIES AND CLAIMED MUCH OF THE SAME AREAS.-THE INDIANS WERE SANDWICHED IN BETWEEN, BUT WERE MORE FRIENDLY WITH THE FRENCH WITH THE EXCEPTION OF A FEW WHO SIDED WITH THE BRITISH IN HOPES A BRITISH VICTORY WOULD GET THEM LAND GRANTS.

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THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR-FRANCE LOST AND ENGLAND TOOK ALL OF “NEW FRANCE IN 1763.-ONE FOURTH OF CANADIANS STILL HAVE FRENCH ANCESTRY.-ENGLAND DIVIDED THE LAND INTO “UPPER” BRITISH CANADA AND “LOWER FRENCH CANADA (NOW QUEBEC) IN 1791-TODAY, CANADA SHOWS BOTH ITS FRENCH AND ENGLISH ANCESTRY THROUGH ITS LANGUAGES OF ENGLISH AND FRENCH (BOTH OFFICIAL) AND RELIGIONS ESTABLISHED BY EACH NATION BRITISH PROTESTANTISM AND FRENCH CATHOLICISM.

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CANADA’S INDEPENDENCE

-UPPER AND LOWER CANADA GREW APARTSEPERATELY FOR ABOUT 50 YEARS.-BRITISH COLONISTS AND FRENCH SETTLERSGREW TIRED OF BRITISH RULE AND BEGAN TO REBEL IN 1837.-THE BRITISH DID NOT WANT ANOTHER REVOLUTION ON THEIR HANDS, SO THEY SETUP A GOVERNMENT WHERE CANADIANS RULE THEMSELVES EXCEPT IN MATTERS OF DEFENSE, FOREIGN TRADE, AND TREATIES.

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CANADA’S INDEPENDENCE

-BRITISH PARLIAMENT CREATED THE DOMINION OF CANADA IN 1867. -CANADA WAS NOW INDEPENDENT BUT STILLA PART OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE.-THEY STARTED WITH 4 PROVINCES AND THE OTHERS JOINED OVER THE YEARS AS CANADASPREAD WEST WITH THE RAILROAD AND BECAME A FULL FREE AND EQUAL MEMBER OF THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONSIN 1931.

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QUEBEC STILL WANTS ITS FREEDOM!

QUEBEC’S PEOPLE ARE 90% FRENCH SPEAKERS. IT IS THEIR OFFICIAL LANGUAGE. FRENCH SPEAKING PEOPLE OF QUEBEC ARE CALLED FRANCOPHONES AND ENGLISH SPEAKING PEOPLE OF QUEBEC ARE CALLED ANGLOPHONES.MANY FRANCOPHONES ARE SPERATISTS. THEY WANT QUEBEC TO BECOME AN INDEPENDENT COUNTRY.THEY LAUNCHED AN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT IN THE 1960’S.REFERENDUMS TO BECOME INDEPENDENT FAILED IN 1980 AND 1995. THEY THEMSELVES VOTED TO REMAIN A PART OF CANADA. THE 1995 VOTE WAS VERY CLOSE!CANADA’S GOVERNMENT DOES NOT WANT TO LOSE QUEBEC! THEY PASSED THE CANADIAN MULTICULTURAL ACT IN 1988 TO PACIFY THE SEPERATISTS, BUT THE ISSUE REMAINS TOTHIS DAY. QUEBEC CAN NOT SECEDE WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF THE ENTIRE COUNTRY BY 1998 LAW.

Thank you for downloading my All About Canada PowerPoint. I hope that you enjoy the resource and get a lot of use out of it. Please let me know if you have any questions or concerns. My email address is [email protected].

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