A journey from OPAC to Library 2.0: content management through FOSS Dr. Sudip Ranjan Hatua Assisstant Professor Department of Library and Information Science.

A journey from OPAC to Library 2.0:

content management through FOSS

Dr. Sudip Ranjan HatuaAssisstant Professor

Department of Library and Information ScienceRabindra Bharati University

Conceptual changes

Staff

Document

User

Traditional Library

Skilled Staff

Information / Documents

User (Tech Savvy)

ICT

Modern Library

Characteristics of the changes

• Printed documents (books, journals etc.) are now available in online digital form

• Manual housekeeping and library management functions switch over to automated mechanism

• User seeking is moved from document to information • User prefers access then lending• Service on demand converted to service in anticipation• Library driven activities move towards users driven

approach• Collection development change to knowledge

management

Change in Services

• Card Catalogue OPAC WebOPAC Interactive Catalogue (social catalogue)

• Manual Circulation Automatic Circulation • Reservation Alert by post by email or

automatically through OPAC• Document Delivery Service by post by e-mail• Inter library loan Resource sharing• CAS through notice board, manual circulation

through online, email, e-bulletin board.

New Services

• Subscribing and providing access to online digital resources

• Access to full text or bibliographic database services• Building Social Cataloguing• Access to ETD (electronic thesis and dissertation)• Access to Institutional Repository• Online Reference Services• Overdue notice through automatically generated email• Announcement of activities or alert services through web

or online bulletin board• Providing Blog, Forum, ListServe, Usenet, for social

networking and communication

Change in user seeking

• Users are well aware of the latest technological development

• Need become very specific but complex• Require information very quickly in readily

usable format • Need to get more support in searching

databases • Want to access online resources • Want to be informed about the information

sources available in the internet which might be useful to their user

Journey: a selected Landmark

• 1945 – Vannevar Bush’s Memex Machine• 1960's cataloguing became automated

due to the development of MARC• The first large-scale online catalogs were

developed at Ohio State University in 1975 and the Dallas Public Library in 1978

• 1961 – SDI introduced by H P Lune. But without use of computer and network this service is stuck up.

a selected Landmark…contd.

• 1970-80s - OPAC (WorldCat holds over 289 million records from 72,000 libraries – biggest OPAC)

• Development and distribution of CDS/ISIS of UNESCO during 1985 brought a remarkable change in the library housekeeping operation

• 1980-early 90s -Full text databases –(ADONIS, IEEE / IEE Electronic Library (IEL), ABI/INFORM, UMI’s Business Express and Library & General Periodicals, Espace World, US Patents, etc.)

a selected Landmark…contd.

• 1990s-Subject Gateway – information gateway- (Pinakes to www virtual libraries) – ROADS (Resource Organization And Discovery in

Subject-based services) project in 1996– RDN (Resource Discovery Network )-1999– BUBL -provides more than 12000 internet resources

from 90+ selected journals

– Australian literature gateway – introduced in 2006 (provides authoritative information on over 782383 works of creative and critical Australian literature

a selected Landmark…contd.

• Open source movement, Open Archive initiatives, Metadata Harvesting

• Web2.0, Lib2, Semantic Web

Technology that empowers users• OPAC• Automation• Library Network• Library Management Software• Library portal• Library Consortia (INDEST, UGC-Infonet)• Subject Gateways• Institutional Repository• Web 2.0 (RSS, Folksonomy, blog, wiki, social networking)

• Library 2.0

IT empowered users

• “Resource Sharing” instead of “ILL”

• Traditional Model Discover Locate Request Deliver

• Today’s Model Find Get

• New Web Model Get It

"Library 2.0“- empowers users & librarians

• It is user-centered- Users participate in the creation of the content and services they view within the library's web-presence, OPAC, etc.

• It provides a multi-media experience- Both the collections and services of Library 2.0 contain video and audio components.

• It is socially rich- The library's web-presence includes users' presences. There are ways for users to communicate with one another and with librarians.

• It is communally innovative- It probably the best practice on the foundation of libraries as a community service. It seeks to continually change its services, to find new ways to allow communities, not just individuals to seek, find, and utilize information.

Library 2.0-Improving collaboration requires cultural change

Library 2.0A personal change

Internet as source of Information

• Growing exponentially - 7.3 million unique pages/day

• print, film, magnetic storage and optical storage media produced about 5 exabytes of new information --study produced by the school of Information Management and Systems at the University of California

• population research bureau study-Web contains 170 terabytes of information on its surface;

• The coverage of the largest search engines, have indexed not more than about 16% of the Web

Information contained in 37,000 new libraries the size of the LC book collection

(= 17 times volume of LC print collection)

Statistics- Spring 2011 By Paul Gil, About.com Guide-February 2012

• Google.com indexes 26.5 billion public web pages. • 92+ billion static web pages are publicly-available.

• 9.5 billion static pages are hidden from the public. As

private intranet content, these are the corporate pages that are only open to employees of specific companies.

• 300+ billion database-driven pages are completely invisible to Google.

• So if Google only catalogs 8% of the World Wide Web, and

other search engines catalog even less, then where is the remaining 92%of web content hidden?

Deep Web

• Web is currently 400 to 550 times larger than the commonly defined World Wide Web

• The Deep Web contains 7,500 terabytes of information compared to nineteen terabytes of information in the surface Web

• The Deep Web contains nearly 550 billion individual documents compared to the one billion of the surface Web

• More than 200,000 Deep Web sites presently exist.

Deep Web…contd. • Sixty of the largest Deep Web sites collectively

contain about 750 terabytes of information – sufficient by themselves to exceed the size of the surface Web forty times

• Total quality content of the Deep Web is 1,000 to 2,000 times greater than that of the surface Web.

• More than half of the Deep Web content resides in topic-specific databases.

• 95% of the Deep Web is publicly accessible information - not subject to fees or subscriptions

Eric Schmidt, the CEO of Google, the world’s largest index of the Internet, estimated Google has indexed roughly 200 terabytes of that, or .004% of the total size.

WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICSJune 30, 2012

World RegionsPopulation( 2012 Est.)

Internet Users

Dec. 31, 2000

Internet UsersLatest Data

Penetration(% Population)

Growth2000-2012

Users %of Table

Africa 1,073,380,925 4,514,400 167,335,676 15.6 % 3,606.7 % 7.0 %

Asia 3,922,066,987 114,304,000 1,076,681,059 27.5 % 841.9 % 44.8 %

Europe 820,918,446 105,096,093 518,512,109 63.2 % 393.4 % 21.5 %

Middle East 223,608,203 3,284,800 90,000,455 40.2 % 2,639.9 % 3.7 %

North America 348,280,154 108,096,800 273,785,413 78.6 % 153.3 % 11.4 %

Latin America / Caribbean 593,688,638 18,068,919 254,915,745 42.9 % 1,310.8 % 10.6 %

Oceania / Australia 35,903,569 7,620,480 24,287,919 67.6 % 218.7 % 1.0 %

WORLD TOTAL 7,017,846,922 360,985,492 2,405,518,376 34.3 % 566.4 % 100.0 %

As a result…• Librarian as well as commercial publishers using

Internet as multi-purpose device.• Links for Chemists, an index to over 8,000

Chemistry-related Websites, is a cooperative example of a broad subject index that includes subsection contributions from different editors.

• Invisible Web, a database of over 10,000 specialized online search tools;

• Argus Clearinghouse, Virtual Reference Desk Abstract-

a selective index of quality Internet subject catalogs.

As a result…• The largest catalog databases, the Online Computer

Library Center's "WorldCat" database contains over 289 million records from 72000 libraries in 172 countries world wide

• A large number of libraries are now undertaking the task of building Subject Gateways .

• While talking about subject gateways, it is Pinakez which provides access to Internet resources, by linking to the major subject gateways. Includes links to resources on art, chemistry, libraries, education, and other topics.

As a result…

• Librarians' Internet Index started working since 1994 It is a searchable, annotated subject directory of Internet resources selected and evaluated by librarians for their usefulness to users. The site features an extensive directory of clickable subject topics.

• During 1995 subject specific web sites of scholarly relevance has increased considerably.

As a result…

• SOSIG (Social Science Information Gateway) has been found as the first subject gateway to be set up in the UK developed in 1994

• National Library of Australia web site developed in 1995, provides a source of selected, high quality Australian, national and subject related Internet resources.

As a result…• Voice of the Shuttle, developed by the University of

California, in 1995, to provide a structured and briefly annotated guide to online resources in the humanities and associated disciplines.

• The Web edition, Current Content Connection, that came into picture during 1999

• At the same time the SCI (Science Citation Index) Web edition introduced as a source for a variety of research data including author abstracts, author addresses, and more information per bibliographic record than in other resources

As a result…

• Renardus- an integrated search and browse utility, to find Internet resources selected according to quality criteria and carefully described by Subject Gateways from several European countries. It utilizes DDC system as the organization structure for its integrated interface was developed 2001.

• DESIRE’s Information Gateways Handbook helps to all individuals and institutions trying to build gateways of their own.

As a result…

• UK-based interactive information service began full operations in early 2000 by BUBL information service, which provides links to over 12,000 Internet resources in a wide range of subject areas. It also provides abstracts and selected full text from over 89+ journals.

• In 2002, WebLaw, a cooperative subject gateway to Internet resources for Australian legal researchers has come into picture.

As a result…• Australian literature gateway developed in

2006, provides authoritative information on over 782383 works of creative and critical Australian literature - published in a range of print and electronic sources - relating to more than 65,000 Australian authors and literary organizations, from 1780 to the present day.

• Open Archive Initiatives & Metadata Harvesting is now world wide trends.

• GreenStone, DSpace, Eprint is the present time application

• Semantic Web is the recent research trend and future

Lesson• We have to swim with world trends. • Need to provide information, full text digital

document.• Can’t survive only by providing conventional

library services• Face the threat of Cyber-café and provide

value added Internet Services- responsibility of a librarian.

• Develop own skill of handling technology

Lesson• Develop own way of providing new services

when budget will not permit to depends commercial means.

• Provide value added services like blog, facebook, bulletin board, news feed, FAQ, scholarly forum etc. which will attract Gen-X users.

• Empowers users by providing ICT enabled information and services

Proposed system

• An Integrated system may consider-– Integrated in the sense of combination of

subject content management, digital repository, harvesters and news feed, blog, bulletin board and related components of system for corresponding resources in the field of any subject.

Proposed Content Management System

Digital Archives

Metadata Harvester

Content Management

•Linux OS•Apache/Tomcat •JDK•PHP•MySql•PgSQL•DSpace•PKP•Joomla/Drupal

Used FOSS

Advance search result

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• Libraries House Keeping Operations & conventional services are almost saturated

• ICT can help us to do all these things in a new mode and formation- a true ‘save the time of the reader’

• There are fixed number of users who always prefer print version.

• Libraries can provide better solution for Internet Sources of Information;

• Application of Web 2+ is not really a big task for us;• Users can find better results through this model than

Google!!

Conclusion

Conclusion

• Free means Freedom not free of cost

• Free/Commercial? Choice depends on your confidence and attitude

• ICT empowers users as well as today’s SMART LIBRARIAN to find his required information/document just in time, no mater where it available.

Conclusion

• But doing all these thing can a librarian compete with google and facebook?

• Is it not better to concentrate more on library as true library as it survive years after year?

• WHAT IS YOUR OPINION????