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MECAG 4203IRRIGATION PRINCIPLESSPRING 2005 INSTRUCTOR: Dr.
Michael A. Kizer228 Ag Hall744-8421 (office)744-5653 (secretary Pat
in 218 Ag Hall)[email protected] OFFICE HOURS: Normally available
in office daily; Call before making a special trip to be sure that
I am in. GRADER:TBA PREREQUISITE: Math 1513 (College Algebra)
COURSE MATERIALS: Class notes by Eisenhauer, Martin, and Hoffman
(University of Nebraska); Purchase notes (Cost: $25) at OSU
Bookstore; Various class handouts FINAL EXAM: Tuesday, May 1, at
10:00-11:50 AM in Room 225 AGH GRADING:Homework (35%) + Hour Exams
(40%) + Final (25%) = 100%
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Exams are open book and open notes. Homework will be collected
at the beginning of class on the date due. Late homework may be
turned in (for half credit) up to the beginning of the next class.
For homework turned in after that time, no credit will be given.
Homework is to be done neatly and in pencil, with the answers
clearly identified. Show all work if you wish to receive any
partial credit for an incorrect answer. Staple all pages together
and be sure your name is on each page.Attendance is not explicitly
a part of the grading criteria. However experience has shown that
class attendance has a high correlation with performance on
homework and exams. Its very difficult to learn the material if you
arent in class on a regular basis.In assigning letter grades at the
end of the semester, the numerical scores will be curved. In other
words, your grade will depend on how well you perform relative to
the rest of the class, and how well the entire class performs
relative to previous classes. The curve cant hurt you, meaning that
any score above 90 will be an A, 80-90 will be at least a B, 70-80
at least a C, and 60-70 at least a D. Academic dishonesty will not
be tolerated. You are encouraged to discuss concepts and homework
problems with your fellow students, but direct copying of someone
else's homework answers is not allowed. Failure to work the
homework problems yourself is almost always reflected in poor
performance on the examinations.
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READING ASSIGNMENTSChapterTopic Pages1.Introduction 1-122.Soil
Water-Plant Relationships 13-523.Measuring Water Applications
53-764.Plant Water Use 77-1235.Irrigation System
Performance124-1616.Irrigation Scheduling162-1957.Salinity
Management196-2208.Irrigation Hydraulics221-2539.Water Delivery
Systems254-27710.Surface
Irrigation278-30911.Sprinklers310-35112.Set Move/Traveler
Systems352-38713.Center Pivots & Lateral
Moves388-41514.Microirrigation416-44715.Landscape
Irrigation448-474
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Reading Approx. Assignment # of Periods A. Introduction Class
orientation Chapter 11 Importance of irrigation pp. 124-127;
159-160 Types of irrigation systems, Irrigation in OK B. Water
MeasurementChapter 31 Units; Volume balance (Qt=Ad); Flow
measurement C. Soil-Water RelationshipsChapter 23 Soil properties;
Water in soils; Infiltration; Soil water measurementD. Irrigation
Water RequirementsChapter 41 Evapotranspiration pp. 127-160
Efficiencies and uniformities; System capacityE. Irrigation
SchedulingChapter 62 Principles; Moisture accounting; Other
methodsF. Irrigation Water SupplyChapter 93 Surface water; Ground
water and wells;Chapter 7 Water quality; Water lawHour Exam
1(TBA)1
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Reading Approx. Assignment # of PeriodsG. Pipeline Hydraulicspp.
222-2362 Basic relationships; Friction loss pp. 458-464H. Pumping
Plants Types of pumps; Pump characteristics; Pump selectionpp.
237-2524 Power units; Pumping costsI. Sprinkler Irrigationpp.
124-1255 Types of systems pp. 159-160 System components Chapter 11
Sprinkler performance Chapter 12 Hydraulics of laterals Chapter 13
Other design/management considerationspp. 448-457; 465-473Hour Exam
2(TBA)1J. Microirrigationpp. 126-1272 Types of systems; System
componentsp. 159 Emitter and lateral hydraulics Chapter 14 Other
design/management considerationsK. Landscape Irrigationpp. 126-1273
Types of systems; Control systems pp. 159-160 Other
design/management considerationsChapter 15Final ExamTuesday, May 1,
10:00 11:50 AM
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Class Notes The lecture notes for class are available online on
Dr. Kizers personal web
page:http://biosystems.okstate.edu/Home/mkizer/index.htm The notes
are in MS PowerPoint and can be viewed with the web browser of any
campus computer with a network connection. They can also be viewed
from off-campus computers which have Internet service. However, be
warned that many of the PowerPoint files are large (1 MB to 8 MB in
size). If you do not have a high-speed cable modem or DSL service,
it will take a long time to read the files via the typical dial-up
internet connection. Once you have finished all the slides of a
particular file (or any time you want to quit viewing) click on the
Back arrow of your browser and you will be returned to the Home
page.
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If you want to print out copies of the notes for study or review
you can do so by using the following steps:Open the target file by
clicking on the appropriate hypertext title in the class index;On
your web browsers tool bar click on File and then on Print;In the
interest of saving trees, I would suggest that you go to the Print
what: drop-down menu of the print window and select Handouts;In the
Slides per page: drop down menu select 6 (usually the default
value). This will print six, 2-in x 3-in images of the slides per
page, which are typically large enough to be read easily;Click on
the OK button.
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Introduction
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Importance of IrrigationDefinitionthe supply of water to crops
and landscaping plants by artificial meansEstimates of
magnitudeworld-wide: 544 million acres (17% of land 1/3 of food
production)U.S.: 59 million acres (10% of land 25% of crop
value)annual water withdrawal (world-wide): 870 trillion gallons
(6X Mississippi River)
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PurposeRaise a crop where nothing would grow otherwise (e.g.,
desert areas)Grow a more profitable crop (e.g., alfalfa vs.
wheat)Increase the yield and/or quality of a given crop (e.g.,
fruit)Increase the aesthetic value of a landscape (e.g., turf,
ornamentals)
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Reasons for yield/quality increaseReduced water stressBetter
germination and standsHigher plant populationsMore efficient use of
fertilizerImproved varieties
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Other Benefits of IrrigationLeaching of saltsFrost
protectionPlant/soil coolingChemical applicationWind erosion
controlWaste disposal
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An Historical PerspectiveNile River Basin (Egypt) - 6000
B.C.Tigris-Euphrates River Basin (Iraq, Iran, Syria) - 4000
B.C.Yellow River Basin (China) - 3000 B.C.Indus River Basin (India)
- 2500 B.C.Maya and Inca civilizations (Mexico, South America) -
500 B.C.Salt River Basin (Arizona) - 100 B.C.Western U. S. -
1800sInvolvement of federal government - 1900 (only about 3 million
acres then)
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Types of SystemsSprinklerpressurized irrigation through devices
called sprinklers (water is discharged into the air and hopefully
infiltrates near where it lands)used on agricultural and
horticultural crops, turf, landscape plantsSurfaceIrrigation water
flows across the field to the point of infiltrationprimarily used
on agricultural crops and orchardsMicro (drip, trickle)frequent,
slow application of irrigation water using pressurized systemsused
in landscape and nursery applications, and on high-value
agricultural and horticultural crops
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Rainfall Distribution
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Temperature Profile
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Alfalfa Irrigation Requirement (inches of irrigation/year)Normal
Year
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Irrigated Acreage in Oklahoma by County2000-
(x 1000 acres)90 190 34 1621 68615220
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Irrigation in Oklahoma2000 Irrigation Survey
About 667,000 irrigated acres48% in Cimarron/Texas/Beaver
Counties24% in Harmon/Greer/Jackson/Tillman counties 9% in Caddo
County68% sprinkler irrigation28% surface irrigation 4%
microirrigation82% using ground water 18% using surface water
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Irrigation in Oklahoma51% pumped with natural gas as the energy
source23% pumped with LP gas as the energy source20% pumped with
electricity as the energy sourceAgronomic cropsCorn (180,000
acres)Wheat (105,000 acres)Grain sorghum (57,000 acres)Cotton
(56,000 acres)Alfalfa (98,000 acres)Peanuts (60,000
acres)Horticultural and turf cropsCommercial vegetables (15,000
acres)Commercial nurseries (5,000 acres)Golf courses, parks, sod
farms (14,000 acres)Orchards (5,000 acres)