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A history of Windows: Highlights from the first 25 years
19751981: Microsoft boots up
Getting started: Microsoft co-founders Paul Allen (left) and Bill Gates
Its the 1970s. At work, we rely on typewriters. If we need to copy a document, we likely
use a mimeograph or carbon paper. Few have heard of microcomputers, but two young
computer enthusiasts, Bill Gates and Paul Allen, see that personal computing is a path
to the future.
In 1975, Gates and Allen form a partnership called Microsoft. Like most start-ups,
Microsoft begins small, but has a huge visiona computer on every desktop and in
every home. During the next years, Microsoft begins to change the ways we work.
The dawn of MS-DOS
In June 1980, Gates and Allen hire Gates former Harvard classmate Steve Ballmer to
help run the company. The next month, IBM approaches Microsoft about a project code-
named "Chess." In response, Microsoft focuses on a new operating systemthe
software that manages, or runs, the computer hardware and also serves to bridge the
gap between the computer hardware and programs, such as a word processor. Its the
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foundation on which computer programs can run. They name their new operating
system "MS-DOS."
When the IBM PC running MS-DOS ships in 1981, it introduces a whole new language
to the general public. Typing C: and various cryptic commands gradually becomes part
of daily work. People discover the backslash (\) key.
MS-DOS is effective, but also proves difficult to understand for many people. There has
to be a better way to build an operating system.
Geek trivia: MS-DOS stands for Microsoft Disk Operating System.
History of Microsoft Operating Systems Timeline
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History of Microsoft Operating Systems Timeline
Microsoft has been effective in Operating Systems bazar since 1980. From the start
Microsoft divided Operating System into two family lines. The one is MS DOS family
and the other is Windows NT. Each family line has multiple families like as windows
3.x,9x,NT 3x, NT 4.0, 2000, XP, Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8. And also in Servers
section Windows Server 2003 is the new edition in the Windows family.
MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operation System): The Began
IBM came up to Microsoft in regarding developing a new OS for their computers
machines in 1980s. Thats before; Microsoft had never created any Operating System
before. Tim Paterson created the OS for IBM on Quick and Dirty Operating
System(QDOS). That he sold to Microsoft for $50000, and Microsoft modify that and
sold it to IBM under the name Personal Computer Disk Operating System (PC -DOS).
Microsoft keeps hold on the rights of the OS. The allowed them to market the OS to
vendors other than IBM under the name Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS).
MS-DOS was officially released in 1981.
19821985: Introducing Windows 1.0
Microsoft works on the first version of a new operating system. Interface Manager is the
code name and is considered as the final name, but Windows prevails because it best
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describes the boxes or computing windows that are fundamental to the new system.
Windows is announced in 1983, but it takes a while to develop. Skeptics call it
vaporware.
The fully-packaged Windows 1.0
On November 20, 1985, two years after the initial announcement, Microsoft ships
Windows 1.0. Now, rather than typing MS-DOS commands, you just move a mouse to
point and click your way through screens, or windows. Bill Gates says, It is unique
software designed for the serious PC user
There are drop-down menus, scroll bars, icons, and dialog boxes that make programs
easier to learn and use. You're able to switch among several programs without having
to quit and restart each one. Windows 1.0 ships with several programs, including
MS-DOS file management, Paint, Windows Writer, Notepad, Calculator, and a calendar,
card file, and clock to help you manage day-to-day activities. Theres even a game
Reversi.
Geek trivia: Remember floppy disks and kilobytes? Windows 1.0 requires a minimum of256 kilobytes (KB), two double-sided floppy disk drives, and a graphics adapter card. A
hard disk and 512 KB memory is recommended for running multiple programs or when
using DOS 3.0 or higher.
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19871992: Windows 2.02.11More windows, more speed
On December 9, 1987 Microsoft releases Windows 2.0 with desktop icons and
expanded memory. With improved graphics support, you can now overlap windows,
control the screen layout, and use keyboard shortcuts to speed up your work. Some
software developers write their first Windowsbased programs for this release.
Windows 2.0
Windows 2.0 is designed for the Intel 286 processor. When the Intel 386 processor is
released, Windows/386 soon follows to take advantage of its extended memory
capabilities. Subsequent Windows releases continue to improve the speed, reliability,
and usability of the PC.
In 1988, Microsoft becomes the worlds largest PC software company based on sales.
Computers are starting to become a part of daily life for some office workers.
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Geek trivia: Control Panel makes its first appearance in Windows 2.0.
19901994: Windows 3.0Windows NTGetting the graphics
On May 22, 1990, Microsoft announces Windows 3.0, followed shortly by Windows 3.1
in 1992. Taken together, they sell 10 million copies in their first 2 years, making this the
most widely used Windows operating system yet. The scale of this success causes
Microsoft to revise earlier plans. Virtual Memory improves visual graphics. In 1990
Windows starts to look like the versions to come.
Windows now has significantly better performance, advanced graphics with 16 colors,
and improved icons. A new wave of 386 PCs helps drive the popularity of Windows 3.0.
With full support for the Intel 386 processor, programs run noticeably faster. ProgramManager, File Manager, and Print Manager arrive in Windows 3.0.
Bill Gates shows the newly-released Windows 3.0
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Windows software is installed with floppy discs bought in large boxes with heavy
instruction manuals.
The popularity of Windows 3.0 grows with the release of a new Windows software
development kit (SDK), which helps software developers focus more on writing
programs and less on writing device drivers.
Windows is increasingly used at work and home and now includes games like Solitaire,
Hearts, and Minesweeper. An advertisement: Now you can use the incredible power of
Windows 3.0 to goof off.
Windows for Workgroups 3.11 adds peer-to-peer workgroup and domain networking
support and, for the first time, PCs become an integral part of the emerging client/server
computing evolution.
Windows NT
When Windows NT releases on July 27, 1993, Microsoft meets an important milestone:
the completion of a project begun in the late 1980s to build an advanced new operating
system from scratch. "Windows NT represents nothing less than a fundamental change
in the way that companies can address their business computing requirements," Bill
Gates says at its release.
Unlike Windows 3.1, however, Windows NT 3.1 is a 32-bit operating system, which
makes it a strategic business platform that supports high-end engineering and scientific
programs.
Geek trivia: The group that develops Windows NT was originally called the "Portable
Systems" team.
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19952001: Windows 95the PC comes of age (and don't forget the Internet)
On August 24, 1995, Microsoft releases Windows 95, selling a record-setting 7 million
copies in the first five weeks. Its the most publicized launch Microsoft has ever taken
on. Television commercials feature the Rolling Stones singing "Start Me Up" over
images of the new Start button. The press release simply begins: Its here.
Launch day: Bill Gates introduces Windows 95
This is the era of fax/modems, e-mail, the new online world, and dazzling multimedia
games and educational software. Windows 95 has built-in Internet support, dial-up
networking, and new Plug and Play capabilities that make it easy to install hardware
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and software. The 32-bit operating system also offers enhanced multimedia capabilities,
more powerful features for mobile computing, and integrated networking.
At the time of the Windows 95 release, the previous Windows and MS-DOS operating
systems are running on about 80 percent of the worlds PCs. Windows 95 is the
upgrade to these operating systems. To run Windows 95, you need a PC with a 386DX
or higher processor (486 recommended) and at least 4 MB of RAM (8 MB of RAM
recommended). Upgrade versions are available for both floppy disk and CD-ROM
formats. Its available in 12 languages.
Windows 95 features the first appearance of the Start menu, taskbar, and minimize,
maximize, and close buttons on each window.
Windows 95
Catching the Internet wave
In the early 1990s, tech insiders are talking about the Interneta network of networks
that has the power to connect computers all over the world. In 1995, Bill Gates delivers
a memo titled The Internet Tidal Wave, and declares the Internet as the most
important development since the advent of the PC.
In the summer of 1995, the first version of Internet Explorer is released. The browser
joins those already vying for space on the World Wide Web.
Geek trivia: In 1996, Microsoft releases Flight Simulator for Windows 95the first time
in its 14-year history that its available for Windows.
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19982000: Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows Me
Windows 98
Released on June 25, 1998, Windows 98 is the first version of Windows designed
specifically for consumers. PCs are common at work and home, and Internet cafes
where you can get online are popping up. Windows 98 is described as an operating
system that Works Better, Plays Better.
With Windows 98, you can find information more easily on your PC as well as the
Internet. Other improvements include the ability to open and close programs more
quickly, and support for reading DVD discs and universal serial bus (USB) devices.
Another first appearance is the Quick Launch bar, which lets you run programs without
having to browse the Start menu or look for them on the desktop.
Geek trivia: Windows 98 is the last version based on MS-DOS.
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Windows 98
Windows Me
Designed for home computer use, Windows Me offers numerous music, video, and
home networking enhancements and reliability improvements compared to previous
versions.
First appearances: System Restore, a feature that can roll back your PC software
configuration to a date or time before a problem occurred. Movie Maker provides users
with the tools to digitally edit, save, and share home videos. And with Microsoft
Windows Media Player 7 technologies, you can find, organize, and play digital media.
Geek trivia: Technically speaking, Windows Me was the last Microsoft operating system
to be based on the Windows 95 code base. Microsoft announced that all future
operating system products would be based on the Windows NT and Windows 2000
kernel.
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Windows 2000 Professional
Windows 2000 Professional
More than just the upgrade to Windows NT Workstation 4.0, Windows 2000
Professional is designed to replace Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT
Workstation 4.0 on all business desktops and laptops. Built on top of the proven
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 code base, Windows 2000 adds major improvements in
reliability, ease of use, Internet compatibility, and support for mobile computing.
Among other improvements, Windows 2000 Professional simplifies hardware
installation by adding support for a wide variety of new Plug and Play hardware,
including advanced networking and wireless products, USB devices, IEEE 1394
devices, and infrared devices.
Geek trivia: The nightly stress test performed on Windows 2000 during development is
the equivalent of three months of run time on up to 1,500 computers.
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Windows XP Home Edition offers a clean, simplified visual design that makes frequently
used features more accessible. Designed for home use, Windows XP offers such
enhancements as the Network Setup Wizard, Windows Media Player, Windows Movie
Maker, and enhanced digital photo capabilities.
Windows XP Professional brings the solid foundation of Windows 2000 to the PC
desktop, enhancing reliability, security, and performance. With a fresh visual design,
Windows XP Professional includes features for business and advanced home
computing, including remote desktop support, an encrypting file system, and system
restore and advanced networking features. Key enhancements for mobile users include
wireless 802.1x networking support, Windows Messenger, and Remote Assistance.
Windows XP has several editions during these years:
Windows XP 64-bit Edition (2001) is the first Microsoft operating system for 64-bit
processors designed for working with large amounts of memory and projects
such as movie special effects, 3D animations, engineering, and scientific
programs.
Windows XP Media Center Edition (2002) is made for home computing and
entertainment. You can browse the Internet, watch live television, enjoy digitalmusic and video collections, and watch DVDs.
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition (2002) realizes the vision of pen-based
computing. Tablet PCs include a digital pen for handwriting recognition and you
can use the mouse or keyboard, too.
Geek trivia: Windows XP is compiled from 45 million lines of code.
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20062008: Windows VistaSmart on security
Windows Vista is released in 2006 with the strongest security system yet. User Account
Control helps prevent potentially harmful software from making changes to your
computer. In Windows Vista Ultimate, BitLocker Drive Encryption provides better data
protection for your computer, as laptop sales and security needs increase.
Windows Vista also features enhancements to Windows Media Player as more and
more people come to see their PCs as central locations for digital media. Here you can
watch television, view and send photographs, and edit videos.
Windows Vista Ultimate
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Design plays a big role in Windows Vista, and features such as the taskbar and the
borders around windows get a brand new look. Search gets new emphasis and helps
people find files on their PCs faster. Windows Vista introduces new editions that each
have a different mix of features. It's available in 35 languages. The redesigned Start
button makes its first appearance in Windows Vista.
Geek trivia: More than 1.5 million devices are compatible with Windows Vista at launch.
2009: Windows 7
Windows 7 was built for the wireless world that arose in the late 2000s. By the time it
was released, laptops were outselling desktops, and it had become common to connect
to public wireless hotspots in coffee shops and private networks in the home.
Windows 7 included new ways to work with windowslike Snap, Peek, and Shake
which both improved functionality and made the interface more fun to use. It also
marked the debut of Windows Touch, which let touchscreen users browse the web, flip
through photos, and open files and folders.
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Improvements to the Windows 7 taskbar include live thumbnail previews
Geek trivia: Windows 7 was evaluated by 8 million beta testers worldwide before it was
released.
2012: Windows 8
Windows 8 is Windows reimagined from the chipset to the user experience. It functions
as both a tablet for entertainment and a full-featured PC for getting things done. It
introduces a totally new interface that works smoothly for both touch and mouse and
keyboard. Windows 8 also includes enhancements of the familiar Windows desktop,
with a new taskbar and streamlined file management.
Windows 8 features a Start screen with tiles that connect to people, files, apps, and
websites. Apps are front and center, with access to a new place to get apps the
Windows Storebuilt right in to the Start screen.
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Along with Windows 8, Microsoft also launched Windows RT, which runs on some
tablets and PCs. Windows RT is designed for sleek devices and long battery life, and
exclusively runs apps from the Windows Store. It also comes with a built-in version of
Office that's optimized for touchscreens.
Geek trivia: Power users will notice that Windows 8 has made the detection and
correction of file system errors both more transparent and less intrusive.
Facts: Microsoft Windows history
Year Event
1983 Bill Gates announces Microsoft Windows November 10,1983.
1985MicrosoftWindows 1.0 is introduced in November 20, 1985 and is initially sold
for $100.00.
1987Microsoft Windows 2.0 was released December 9, 1987 and is initially sold for
$100.00.
1987Microsoft Windows/386 or Windows 386 is introduced December 9, 1987 and
is initially sold for $100.00.
1988
Microsoft Windows/286 or Windows 286 is introduced June, 1988 and is
initially sold for $100.00.
1990MicrosoftWindows 3.0 was released May, 22 1990. Microsoft Windows 3.0 full
version was priced at $149.95 and the upgrade version was priced at $79.95.
1991Following its decision not to develop operating systems cooperatively with
IBM,Microsoft changes the name ofOS/2 toWindows NT.
1991Microsoft Windows 3.0 or Windows 3.0a with multimedia was released
October, 1991.
1992MicrosoftWindows 3.1 was released April, 1992 and sells more than 1 Million
copies within the first two months of its release.
1992 MicrosoftWindows for Workgroups 3.1 was released October, 1992.
1993 MicrosoftWindows NT 3.1 was released July 27, 1993.
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1993MicrosoftWindows 3.11,an update to Windows 3.1 is released December 31,
1993.
1993The number of licensed users of Microsoft Windows now totals more than 25
Million.
1994 MicrosoftWindows for Workgroups 3.11 was released February, 1994.
1994 MicrosoftWindows NT 3.5 was released September 21, 1994.
1995 MicrosoftWindows NT 3.51 was released May 30, 1995.
1995MicrosoftWindows 95 was released August 24, 1995 and sells more than 1
Million copies within 4 days.
1995Microsoft Windows 95 Service Pack 1 (4.00.950A) is released February 14,
1996.
1996 MicrosoftWindows NT 4.0 was released July 29, 1996.
1996MicrosoftWindows 95 (4.00.950B) aka OSR2 withFAT32 andMMX support is
released August 24, 1996.
1996 MicrosoftWindows CE 1.0 was released November, 1996.
1997 MicrosoftWindows CE 2.0 was released November, 1997.
1997
Microsoft Windows 95 (4.00.950C) aka OSR2.5 is released November 26,
1997.
1998 MicrosoftWindows 98 was released June, 1998.
1998 MicrosoftWindows CE 2.1 was released July, 1998.
1998
In October of 1998 Microsoft announced that future releases of Windows NT
would no longer have the initials of NT and that the next edition would be
Windows 2000.
1999 MicrosoftWindows 98 SE (Second Edition) was released May 5, 1999.
1999 MicrosoftWindows CE 3.0 was released 1999.
2000On January 4th atCES Bill Gates announces the new version of Windows CE
will be called Pocket PC.
2000 MicrosoftWindows 2000 was released February 17, 2000.
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2000 MicrosoftWindows ME (Millennium) released June 19, 2000.
2001 MicrosoftWindows XP is released October 25, 2001.
2001Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2002) for Itanium systems is
released March 28, 2003.2003 Microsoft Windows Server 2003 is released March 28, 2003.
2003Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2003) for Itanium 2 systems is
released on March 28, 2003.
2003Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003 is released on December
18, 2003.
2004MicrosoftWindows XP Media Center Edition 2005 is released on October 12,
2004.
2005 MicrosoftWindows XP Professional x64 Edition is released on April 24, 2005.
2005Microsoft announces it's next operating system, codenamed "Longhorn" will be
named Windows Vista on July 23, 2005.
2006Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista to corporations on November 30,
2006.
2007
Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista and Office 2007 to the general
public January 30, 2007.
2009 Microsoft releasesWindows 7 October 22, 2009.
2012 Microsoft releasesWindows 8 October 26, 2012.
Reference:
1. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/history
2. http://www.microsoft.com/about/companyinformation/visitorcenter/timeline.htm
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