References and further reading • Al-Naami MY, Anjum MN, Afzal MF ,Al-Yami MS, Al-Qahtani SM, Al-Dohayan AD, El-Tinay OFY, KarimAAA, Khairy GA, Al-Saif AA, Zubaidi AM, Al-Obaid OA, Al-Saif FA 2009 Alcohol-based hand-rub versus traditional surgical scrub and the risk of surgical site infection: a randomized controlled equivalent trial EWMA Journal 9 (3) 5-10 • Association for Perioperative Practice 2016 Standards and Recommendations for Safe Perioperative Practice 3rd edition Harrogate, AfPP • Association of periOperative Room Nurses 2014 Perioperative Standards and Recommended Practices Denver AORN • Aylie GAJ, Fraise AP, Geddes AM, Mitchell K 2000 Control of Hospital Infection: A practical handbook 4th edition London, Arnold • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2002 Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings: Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5116.pdf [Accessed May 2017] • Marchand R, Theoret S, Dion D, Pellerin M 2008 Clinical implementation of a scrubless chlorhexidine/ethanol pre-operative surgical hand rub Canadian Operating Room Nursing Journal 26 (2) 21-2, 26, 29-31 • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2008 Clinical Guideline 74 – Surgical Site Infection: Prevention and treatment of surgical site infection London, NICE • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2013 Surgical site infection: evidence update 43 Available from: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg74/evidence/evidence-update-241969645 [Accessed May 2017] • Parvizi J, Gehrke T, Chen AF 2013 Speciality Update: Arthroplasty – Proceedings of the International Consensus on Perioperative Joint Infection The Bone & Joint Journal 95–B (11) 1450-2 • Paulson DS 2004 Hand scrub products - performance requirements versus clinical relevance AORN Journal 80 (2) 225-8, 230-1, 233-4 • Petterwood J, Shridhar V 2009 Water conservation in surgery: a comparison of two surgical scrub techniques demonstrating the amount of water saved using a ‘taps on/taps o’ technique Australian Journal of Rural Health 17 (4) 214-7 • Somner JEA, Stone N, Koukkoulli A, Scott KM, Field AR, Zygmunt J 2008 Surgical scrubbing: can we clean up our carbon footprints by washing our hands? Journal of Hospital Infection 70 (3) 212-215 • Tanner J, Khan O, Walsh S, Chernova J, Lamont S, Laurent T 2009 Brushes and picks used on nails during the surgical scrub to reduce bacteria: a randomised trial Journal of Hospital Infection 71 (3) 234-238 • Tanner J, Parkinson H 2006 Double gloving to reduce surgical cross-infection Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD003087. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003087.pub2 Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003087.pub2/abstract [Accessed July 2017] • Tanner J, Swarbrook S, Stuart J 2008 Surgical hand antisepsis to reduce surgical site infection Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004288. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004288.pub2 Available from: http://onlineli- brary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004288.pub2/pdf [Accessed July 2017] • Tanner J, Dumville JC, Norman G, Fortnam M 2016 Surgical hand antisepsis to reduce surgical site infection Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004288.pub3 Available from: http://onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004288.pub3/full [Accessed July 2017] • World Health Organization 2009 WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care (revised Aug 2009) Available from: http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/tools/9789241597906/en/ [Accessed July 2017] • World Health Organization 2014 My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene and other resources Available from: http://www.who.int/infection-prevention/campaigns/clean-hands/5moments/en [Accessed July 2017] • World Health Organization 2016 Global Guidelines on the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection Available from: http://www.who.int/gpsc/ssi-prevention-guidelines/en [Accessed July 2017] The Association for Perioperative Practice Daisy Ayris House, 42 Freemans Way, Harrogate, HG3 1DH Tel: 01423 881300 Fax: 01423 880887 Web: www.afpp.org.uk Sponsored by: © AfPP September 2017 www.afpp.org.uk A Guide to Surgical Hand Antisepsis There is a standardised procedure for surgical hand antisepsis, gowning and gloving which minimises bacterial contamination of the operator and operative eld. The fundamental principles of aseptic technique must be adhered to when performing surgical hand antisepsis, gowning and gloving prior to surgical intervention. Surgical hand antisepsis should be undertaken immediately prior to donning sterile gowns and gloves before participating in surgical and invasive procedures, in order to reduce the risk of cross infection in event of glove perforations. It is necessary to have a standardised procedure and to practise to a high level of competence (AfPP 2016). This poster presents a guide to surgical hand antisepsis.