A Guide for Contributors to Flora Neotropica Monographs Contents Introduction ................................................................ 2 General Principles ............................................................ 2 Style of Monographs .......................................................... 3 Abstract ................................................................... 4 Introduction and Other Preliminary Matter ...................................... 4 Systematic Treatment ...................................................... 5 Basic Format .......................................................... 5 Authorities ........................................................... 5 Literature Citation ..................................................... 5 Keys .................................................................. 5 Family Treatment ........................................................... 6 Generic Treatment .......................................................... 6 Treatment of Species ....................................................... 6 Treatment of Infraspecific Taxa ............................................... 8 Numerical List of Taxa .................................................... 8 Index of Scientific Names .................................................. 8 List of Exsiccatae .......................................................... 9 Preparation of Manuscripts ...................................................... 9 Text ..................................................................... 9 Tables .................................................................. 10
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A Guide for Contributors to Flora Neotropica · 2020-01-02 · Introduction Flora Neotropica is intended to be a complete, monographic flora of the tropical American region. The monographs
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A Guide for Contributors to Flora Neotropica Monographs
2. Leave four spaces between sections of the typescript and between treatments of genera and
species.
3. Indent all paragraphs except for the beginning of the formal presentation of the accepted taxa
which should start flush with the left-hand margin.
4. Leave one space after all periods, commas, colons, and other punctuation marks: J. Bot. 3: 554.
1844 (not J.Bot.3:554.1844); A. J. Brown (not A.J.Brown); A, COL, NY, U (not
A,COL,NY,U).Also, leave one space between a numeral and units of measure (e.g., 7 mm, not
7mm). In short standard abbreviations, space after the period is omitted (e.g., i.e., n.v.) (see
Appendix II).
5. Write out numbers from one to ten, unless they are in a series of numbers, keys, descriptions, or
in quotations. For example: two leaves, three bracts; 2‒5 cm long, 4‒8 ovules. Numbers of two
or more digits should be written in arabic numerals: e.g., 20, 100, 4278. In non-English language
treatments, use commas in numbers to indicate the decimal: e.g., 2,40.
6. Measurements are to be in metric system (except in quotations).
7. Include en dashes (‒) in parenthetical extremes of measurement, leaving no space on either side
of the parentheses. Extremes in measurement should be given as follows:
(2‒)4‒7(‒9 ) × 5‒8 mm, not (2‒) 4‒7 (‒9 ) × 5‒8 mm.
8. Most abbreviations should be punctuated with periods except metric units, compass directions,
months of the year, and phenology data in the citation of specimens (e.g., cm, m, N, SW, Feb,
Aug, fl, fr). Consult Appendix II for the precise form of abbreviations and contractions to be
used in text.
9. Never begin sentences with an abbreviation or a numeral. Always spell out generic names that are
the first word of a sentence.
10. Use commas before "and" and "or" when separating parts of a series of 3 or more items in
English (e.g., trees, shrubs, or herbs; Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela).
11. Write out a generic name the first time it occurs in each paragraph, and where two or more
generic names with the same initial occur in the paragraph.
12. Do not capitalize words in titles of published articles, unless they are proper names or German
nouns. In journal titles, capitalize each word except prepositions and articles, and abbreviate
according to B-P-H. The first word and only proper nouns in titles of books should be
capitalized. In the text, titles of books and journals should be italicized. Titles of journal articles
should not be in quotation marks.
13. Do not italicize common foreign words or common abbreviations such as i.e., e.g., syn.
nov., stat. nov., comb, nov., nom. nov., s.l, et al., etc.
14. Authors should employ all diacritical marks proper to the languages used.
15. Footnotes are not permitted.
TABLES
Tables should have appropriate titles and should bear consecutive roman numerals in the order of
their appearance in the text. They should be cited "Table I" (not table 1) and so forth.
FIGURES
1. Illustrations (line drawings, photographs, distribution maps, diagrams, graphs, photographs,
charts) and Figure captions/legends should be designed to fit either a printed full page (20.5 ×
12.5 cm) or a single column (20.5× 6 cm) after reduction, that is, space must be allowed for the
Figure legends/captions on the same page as the illustrations within those measurements.
2. All illustrations are to be numbered consecutively using arabic numerals, and in the order cited
in the text. Major parts of illustrations (different species within a single page) are to be
designated by capital letters (A, B, C, . . .), as in the "Fig. 1" example under 8, below. For
designation of structures or parts of morphological structure of a species, use lowercase letters
(a, b, c, . . .) as in the "Fig 2." example under "8. Figure Captions," below. Maps and illustrations
should not be numbered separately; all should be numbered in a single sequence and in the
order in which they are first cited in the text.
3. Always include the scale within the illustration itself. However, if the scale must be included in
the caption, make sure you take into consideration the final size of the illustration after
reduction. Never use magnifications in figure legends.
4. Oversized illustrations are unacceptable. Normally a figure appears on one printed page or on 2
or more pages within the page margins. Fold-out figures are not used.
5. Figure captions/legends should be grouped at the end of the monograph in separate paragraphs
for each figure but not on separate pages. Citation of voucher specimens for an illustration
should be included in the legend. Examples of legends:
Fig. 1. Secondary xylem and pollen of Chrysobalanaceae. A. Licania heteromorpha x.s. (PRFw 7128).
B. Hirtella triandra t.s. (Cooper & Slater 279, NY).
Fig. 2. Phylloaoea tremelloidea (Rick s.n. in 1929, type, FH). Two metabasidia (a) showing septal
variation, basidiospore (b), and germ tube (c).
6. Do not include photographs (halftones) and line illustrations (line drawings, maps, graphs,
diagrams) in the same figure, as they are reproduced by differently and require different
resolutions to print well.
DISTRIBUTION MAPS
11. Maps should have borders and some indication of latitude and longitude. The use of the FLORA
NEOTROPICA BASE MAP #1, with grid, is strongly recommended. These can be obtained through the
office of the Executive Director (see above for address). Records (e.g., dots) should be put in the
middle of degree grid squares. Do not use shaded maps—they do not reproduce well. Maps
should be prepared at approximately the final size at which they will be printed. This permits
authors to discern, in advance, whether any location symbols will merge or become indistinct
when the map is reduced to page or column width.
12. Two or more taxa can be included on one map as long as clearly distinct symbols are used.
13. The names of taxa and symbols should be included on the map itself. Several small maps may
be placed together in one plate, especially if a taxon's area of distribution is limited, the map
should be trimmed so as not to waste space and printing costs. Restore borders and
latitude/longitude numbers as necessary after trimming.
14. Generation of maps using GIS is encouraged as long as the artistic guidelines stated above are
followed. Maps should have borders, latitude and longitude indication, and should be black and
white, not shaded.
Appendix I
Geographic Sequence in the Citation of Herbarium Specimens
The sequence of geographical arrangement to be used (as commonly practiced by geographers) is given below. It follows a logical procedure and facilitates the consultation of FLORA NEOTROPICA. MONOGRAPHS. This sequence is to be followed in the Distribution and ecology statements as well as in the citations of herbarium specimens.
Each of the numbered units in the list below should begin a paragraph in listing specimens
examined. Further breakdown of citations should be alphabetical by major political divisions (states,
provinces, etc.) within each country.
MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA
1. Mexico
2. Guatemala
3. Belize
4. Honduras (incl. Swan Islands)
5. El Salvador
6. Nicaragua
7. Costa Rica (incl. Cocos Island)
8. Panama (can incl. Canal Zone as a
subdivision)
WEST INDIES
9. Bermuda
10. Bahama Archipelago (listed alphabetically)
11. Cuba
12. Cayman Islands (Grand, Little, Brae)
13. Jamaica
14. Haiti
15. Dominican Republic
16. Puerto Rico
17. Virgin Islands (listed alphabetically)
18. Leeward Islands (listed alphabetically)
19. Windward Islands (Guadeloupe [incl. La
Desirade, Marie Galante, Les Saintes],
Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent,
The Grenadines, Grenada, Barbados)
20. Southern Netherlands Antilles (Curasao,
Aruba, Bonaire)
SOUTH AMERICA (AND OFF-
MAINLAND ISLANDS AS
SUBDIVISIONS OF COUNTRIES)
21. Colombia (incl. San Andres, Providencia)
22. Venezuela (incl. Margarita)
23. Trinidad, Tobago
24. Guyana
25. Surinam or Suriname
26. French Guiana
27. Ecuador (incl. Galapagos Archipelago)
28. Peru
29. Brazil
30. Bolivia
31. Chile
32. Paraguay
33. Argentina
34. Uruguay
Appendix II
Abbreviations and Contractions
(especially note periods are used in most cases) aff. affinity alt. altitude/elevation/altitudo
auct./auctt. “of an author/authors” (auctoris/auctoribus)
Biol. Biologic, Biological, Biology, Biológia, Biológica, Biologia, Biologica (part of name of a facility or institution) bot botones florales presente, español bud flower buds present C central °C degrees Celsius ca. “approximately”, “about” (circa) (c., en español) Ci. Cienicias, Científica (part of name of a facility or institution) cf. compare to, “confer” comb. combination comb. nov new combination, “combinatio nova” Cr. Creek DAP, DBH diameter at breast height (DAP in Spanish) Dept. department (Depto., en español) diam diameter, diamétro Distr. District (English), Distrito (Portuguese, Spanish) Ecol. Ecology, Ecological, Ecologia, Ecológia, Ecológica, (part of name of a facility or institution) ed. /eds. editor/editors, editor/editors e.g. “for example” (exempli gratia) elev. elevation/elevación emend. “emendatus,” modification or amendment to the original description of a taxon, generally not used in Flora Neotropica Monographs Estaç. Estação (part of name of a facility or institution) Estac. Estación (part of name of a facility or institution) et al. “and others” (et alii) etc. “and the rest” (et cetera); rarely used in prose writing in Flora Neotropica Exp. Experiment, Experimental, Experimentação (as part of name of a facility or institution)
family/famila (not abbreviated) fert fertile; can also be used to indicate presence of sori in ferns fig./figs. figure/figures/figura/figuras fl flower(s) present; flores presentes fo. form/forma (taxonomic level; used to avoid conflict with “f.,” as in L.f., referring to Linnaeus, son) Forest. Forestal, Forestales, Forestier, Forestry (part of name of a facility or institution) fr fruiting (use with imm. (o “inm.”) , to qualify as immature fruit condition ; or old to qualify as old fruit) herb herbarium (do not use “hb.”) hom. homonym hwy. highway (use Hwy when part of a road name) I./Is. Island/Islands, Isla/Islas ibid. NOT TO BE USED i.e. “that is” (id est) imm immature (reproductive state; use with fl or fr; “inm” en español) ined. not yet published infl inflorescence present (inflorescencia presente) infr. infructescence present (infructescencia presente) in litt. “in correspondence” (in litteris) inm inmaduro (no maduro), español (usar con fl o fr) Invest. Investigation, Investigación, Investigação (part of name of a facility or institution) Jct. junction (of roads) lat./long. latitude/longitude l.c./loc. cit.” loco citato” NOT TO BE USED leg./legit. “collected by” NOT TO BE USED l.s. longitudinal section mun./Mun. municipality (municipio) n/2n haploid/diploid chromosome number neotropical when used as adjective (not capitalized
unless first word of sentence) Neotropics when used as a noun (always capitalized) nom. cons. conserved name,” “nomen conservandum” nom. illegit. illegitimate name, “nomen illegitimum” nom. inval. invalid name, “nomen invalidum” nom. nud. name published without a description or diagnosis, “nomen nudum” nom. rejic. rejected name, “ nomen rejiciendum” n.v. specimen not seen, “non vidi” p./pp. page/pages /pagina/paginas p.p. in part, “pro parte” pers. comm. personal communication” = “in litt.” Of older usage pers. obs. personal observation pro syn. used in citation of a name not validly published because it was merely cited as a synonym, “as synonym” prov. /provs. rovince/provinces/provincial/provincias rd. road region/region/região region (not abbreviated, when used with locality) Res. Research (part of name of a facility or institution) rio/río do not abbreviate (in Portuguese or Spanish) River do not abbreviate (in English) route/route/ruta/ruta (not abbreviated) q.v. NOT TO BE USED s.coll. without collector s.d. without date, “sine datum”; when referring to collection date Sci. Science, Scientific (part of name of a facility or institution) secção, secções section/sections (when a subdivision of a genus) sección/secciones section/sections (when a
subdivision of a genus) sect./sects. section/sections (when a subdivision of a genus) SEM scanning electron microscope ser. series/séries (subdivision of a genus) s.coll. without a collector or use “no collector” or “collector unknown” s.l. in a wide/broad sense, “sensu lato” s.loc. without a locality, “sine loco” s.n. without number, “sine numero”; without a collection number) sp./spp. species (singular/plural) sp. nov. new species “species nova” s.str in a narrow sense, “sensu stricto” st sterile Stat. Station (part of name of a facility or institution) stat. nov. new status , “status novus” State/States (not abbreviated, when referring to governmental category) subgen. subgenus/subgénero subsp./subspp. subspecies (singular/plural) syn. nov. new synonym, (for usage mostly in cryptogamic manuscripts) t.s. tangential section typ. cons. conserved type,” typum conservandum” var./vars. variety/varietas/variedad/variedade (singular/plural) vic. vicinity/near/vicinidad viz. namely, “videlicit” vs. versus x.s. cross section viejo usar en cominación con fl o fr without locality collection locality not known (use s.loc., instead)
Symbols
! It is assumed that the author has seen the specimens cited in the manuscript. The exclamation point is not used to indicate specimens examined in Flora Neotropica. Use “n.v.” when a specimen was not seen. ± more or less (symbol). Usually ca. (or c en español) is more appropriate & preferred before measurements. The symbol ± is appropriate in a case such as this: ± hispidulous. The two should not be used together. °, ‘, “ degrees/minutes/seconds in latitude/longitude. Example: 10°03’51” S (note space before the S)
Compass Directions
E/N/S/W; can be used in combinations, example: NW
Months of the Year (reduced to 3 letters, with exceptions)
PLACE NAME GAZETEERS GAZETTEERS, WORLD WIDE (NON-USA) [HTTP://EARTH-INFO.NGA.MIL/GNS/HTML/INDEX.HTML] GAZETTEERS, USA & TERRRITORIES [http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq] Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica, Brazil [http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/, look under bancos de dados]
Appendix IV
Guidelines for Submission of Electronic Manuscripts
The completed manuscript accepted for publication may be sent as an
electronic file via email attachment or through such services as
Dropbox. (See Preparation of Manuscripts, Text on typing and page margins)
1.
Label the files with the following information:
Main file (text): Author's name, short title of manuscript, e.d. LombardiVitaceaeText.
Tables(each as a separate file): LombardiVitaceaeTab1, LombardiVitaceaeTab2, etc.
Figure legends: LombardiVitaceaeFigureLegends
Figures (each as a separate file): LombardiVitaceaeFig1, LombardiVitaceaeFig2,
Lombardi,etc.
Author(s) biographical sketches (all in single file): Lombardi,VitaceaeBios.
Photo(s) of the authors are labeled as: LombardiVitaceaeAuthorPhoto1,
LombardiVitaceaeAuthorPhoto, LombardiVitaceaeAuthorPhoto2, etc.
NOTE: Only, use MS-Word files for the text files only.
2. Delete any files that are not part of the manuscript.
3. Do not use any conversion options to save your file; save it as you ordinarily save files; do not,
for example, convert to ASCII, DOS text file, or a compressed file.
4. Do not split the manuscript text into multiple files unless absolutely necessary; save it as a single
file (or, if necessary, a small number of logically divided files).
5. If you use symbols or characters not available on your keyboard, e.g., Greek characters, mark
them clearly and conspicuously, preferably in red.
6. Do not use automatic hyphenation, right justification, automatic footnotes, or other
automatic functions in the creation of your manuscript; these computer functions may not convert
properly.
7. Do not use lowercase "el" (1) or an uppercase "eye" (I) for a numeral one (1); do not use an "oh"
(o or O) for a zero (0). Typing errors of this sort result in unsightly text (I9OO vs. 1900) and
require tedious, time-consuming, and costly corrections.
8. Use hanging indents, not tabs or spaces, followed by leader dots (periods) to place indented text
in keys.
ELECTRONIC FIGURE SUBMISSION
1. The initial manuscript submission should include the figures as low resolution (100 dpi), as jpg files, for easy consultation by the editor and the reviewers.
2. The final submission of the manuscript requires higher resolution for the figures. 3. For final submission:
For vector graphics, the preferred format is EPS; for halftones, please use TIFF format. MS Office files are also acceptable.
4. The print version of Flora Neotropica Monographs has a printed space that is
Full page: 21 cm (8.25 inches) long by 14 cm (5.5 inches) wide Single column: 21 cm (8.25 inches) long by 6.6 cm (2.5 inches) wide
All text and ilustrations must be formatted for maxinum 21 cm long by 14 cm wide, and space should be left within that 21 cm for the caption.
Photos (gray-tones, half-tones) or artwork with shading (Photographs, drawings, or paintings with fine shading, etc.):
Halftones should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi at publication size.
High-contrast copy (Black and white graphic with no shading):
Line drawings should have a minimum resolution of 1200 dpi at publication size. Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files. Do not use faint lines or lettering and check that all lines and lettering in the figures are legible at final size.
Appendix V
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
SUBMISSION OF A MANUSCRIPT IMPLIES THAT THE WORK DESCRIBED HAS NOT BEEN PUBLISHED BEFORE;
THAT IS NOT UNDER CONSIDERATION FOR PUBLICATION ANYWHERE ELSE; THAT ITS PUBLICATION HAS
BEEN APPROVED BY ALL CO-AUTHORS, AND BY THE RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITIES-- TACITLY OR
IMPLICITLY-- AT THE INSTITUTE WHERE THE WORK HAS BEEN CARRIED OUT. THE PUBLISHER WILL NOT BE
HELD LEGALLY RESPONSIBLE SHOULD THERE BE ANY CLAIMS OR COMPENSATION.
AUTHORS WISHING TO INCLUDE FIGURES, TABLE, OR TEXT PASSAGES PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE ARE
REQUIRED TO OBTAIN PERMISSION FROM THE COPYRIGHT OWNER(S) AND TO INCLUDE EVIDENCE THAT
SUCH PERMISSION HAS BEEN GRANTED WHEN SUBMITTING THEIR MANUSCRIPTS. ANY MATERIALS
RECEIVED WITHOUT SUCH EVIDENCE WILL BE ASSUMED TO ORIGINATE FROM THE AUTHORS.