Нанотехнологии в большом мире Alexei Grinbaum French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Saclay Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Нанотехнологиив большом мире
Alexei GrinbaumFrench Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Saclay
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
French debates in 2009-2010
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
www.nanomonde.org
France: debatpublic-nano.org
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Netherlands: Nanopodium.nl
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
UK: nano and me
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Nano: a threefold definition
Scientific and technological Observe and understand Construct and use
Economic, industrial and financial Overall Rosnano investment over $3 bn Investment in Russia in 2011: $1bn federal, $1.9bn private Market in Russia ~ $350 mln in 2011
Source: Rosnano annual report for 2011
Societal Hopes, worries, promises, risks…
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
1 nanometer (nm) = 10-9 m = 0, 000 000 001 m
Nanometer, a scale
Cat1 mVirus
70 nm
Acari200 µmBacterium
1 µm
Hair50 µm
1 m1 cm1 mm1 pm 1 µm1 nm
NANOMONDE
Tennis ball≈ 5 cm
Ant1 cm
DNA2 nm
Carbon atom(graphite)
0,1 nm
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
What changes at the nanometer scale Some properties of matter are size-dependent:
Chemical properties (catalysis) Optical properties (color) Electric properties (conductivity) Magnetic properties Mecanical properties (strength) Thermic properties (fusion temperature)
Gold and silver nanoparticleschange color as a function of size and shape:
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Is nano new?
Nanoscale properties usedsince Antiquity:
Lycurgus cup(IV century BC)
Briti
sh M
useu
m
Nanoscale properties studied for over 100 years:In biology: viruses, proteins…In chemistry: chemical reactions…In physics: atom models…
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Getting access to the nanoscale New tools for observation and action
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Novelty causes fear
“And he [Tobias] went out to wash his feet, and beholda monstrous fish came up to devour him. And Tobiasbeing afraid of him, cried out with a loud voice, saying:Sir, he cometh upon me. And the angel said to him:Take him by the gill, and draw him to thee. And whenhe had done so, he drew him out upon the land, and hebegan to pant before his feet. Then the angel said tohim: Take out the entrails of the fish, and lay up hisheart, and his gall, and his liver for thee: for these arenecessary for useful medicines.” Tobit 6, 2-5
Filippino Lippi, National Gallery, WashingtonAlexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Energy: example of batteriesPour 150 kg de batteries
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020Années
Aut
onom
ie (k
m)
NiCd(45 km)Plomb
(30 km)
LiFePO4 nano
Nano Silicon
NiMH(70 km)
Li-ion 2010(150 km)
Li-ion 2015(300 km)
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Extrait par l’OMNT avec la permission de Small 6, 2336 (2010). Copyright 2010 Wiley-VCH.
Nanomedicine
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Imaging and imagining the nanoscale
F. Beron O. Cibois
Electron scanning micrograph to record the overloading of a CoFeB magnetic array
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Electron scanning micrograph to record the overloading of a CoFeB magnetic array
F. Beron
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Electron scanning micrograph to record the overloading of a CoFeB magnetic array
O. Cibois
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
European regulation of nano Chemical products:
REACH directive, technical guidelines for nanomaterials in 2012
Medical devices: Existing legislation considered adequate
Food products: Novel Foods Act under discussion
Cosmetics: new legislation since november 2009,mandatory labeling from 2014: Titanium Dioxide [nano]
« Soft law » :Code of good conduct in 2008, Communication on responsible research and innovation late 2012-early 2013
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Opinion on
Nanosilver: safety, health and environmental effects and role in
antimicrobial resistance
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
www.nanosmile.org
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Responsible innovation
Alexei Grinbaum (CEA/LARSIM)
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM
Инженер рассмотрел грунт и долго, по инерциисамодействующего разума, свободного от надежды и желанияудовлетворения, рассчитывал тот грунт на сжатие идеформацию. Прежде, во время чувственной жизни ивидимости счастья, Прушевский посчитал бы надежностьгрунта менее точно, — теперь же ему хотелось беспрерывнозаботиться о предметах и устройствах, чтобы иметь их в своемуме и пустом сердце вместо дружбы и привязанности клюдям. Занятие техникой покоя будущего зданияобеспечивало Прушевскому равнодушие ясной мысли,близкое к наслаждению, — и детали сооружения возбуждалиинтерес, лучший и более прочный, чем товарищескоеволнение с единомышленниками. Вечное вещество, ненуждавшееся ни в движении, ни в жизни, ни в исчезновении,заменяло Прушевскому что-то забытое и необходимое, каксущество утраченной подруги.
Андрей Платонов «Котлован»