A Global Conflict Ch. 13.3 World War I effected the world - spreads to several continents and requires the full resources of many governments.

A Global ConflictCh. 13.3

World War I effected the world- spreads to several continents and requires the full resources of many governments.

Trench Warfare A Christmas Truce

War Affects the World The Gallipoli Campaign1) Allies move to capture Ottoman

Dardanelles strait in February 1915

The name Dardanelles derives from Dardania, an ancient Greek city on the Asian shore of the strait.

- want to open a supply line through region to Russia

- Effort ends in costly Allied defeat- Attack failed due to a large loss of

life2) More successful attack was

staged by T. S. Lawrence (British officer) led an Arab revolt against the Ottoman Turks:

- Allies were able to capture many key cities in Southwest Asia

- hoped to defeat Ottoman Empire, a Central Powers ally

3) Japan takes control of many key Germany colonies in China and the Pacific Ocean.

War Affects the World

Battles in Africa and Asia• Allies take control of German

holdings in Asia, Africa• Britain and France use their

colonial subjects to help in war effort

• The British used their navy to block all supplies from reaching Germany

• Germans responded by using their submarines (U-Boats) to destroy ships bring supplies to the Allies

War Affects the WorldAmerica Joins the Fight• Germany seeks to control

Atlantic Ocean to stop supplies to Britain

• Uses unrestricted submarine warfare

- ships near Britain sunk without warning

• Halts policy in 1915, after sinking of Lusitania angers U.S.

• Total War = targeting civilians (put fear the people of your enemy)

• Renews unrestricted policy in 1917, hopes to starve Britain quickly

War Affects the World

Zimmermann Letter (Note)

• Renewal of policy and effort to enlist Mexico anger U.S.

• U.S. declares war against Germany in April 1917, joining Allies

War Affects the Home Front

Governments Wage Total War• World War I becomes total war—nations

devote all resources to war• Governments take control of economy to

produce war goods• Nations turn to rationing—limiting

purchases of war-related goods• Propaganda—one-sided information to

build morale, support for war

Propaganda

Propaganda

War Affects the Home Front

Women and the War

• At home, thousands of women fill jobs previously held by men

• Many women also experience the war by working as nurses

The Allies Win the War

1) Russia Withdraws• Civil unrest in Russia forces czar to step down from

throne in 1917• Communists soon take control of Russia’s government• Russia signs treaty with Germany in March 1918, pulls

out of war Brest-Livosk (Live vask)

2) The Central Powers Collapse• With Russia gone, Germany moves most forces to

Western Front• Engage in major fighting; Allies force Germans to retreat• Allies win war; armistice—end of fighting—signed in

November 1918