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A GIS Based Investigation of Spatial Accessibility to Healthcare Facilities within an Urban Fringe Area of Melbourne, Australia
3. Measuring– spatial concentration of people– levels of services / attractiveness of healthcare facilities– travel impedance (distance, time, etc.) via transportation network – spatial accessibility from residential locations to locations of healthcare facilities
4. Identifying spatial clusters of disadvantaged locations that have– High concentration of people (need), and– Low level of healthcare service provision (hence, poor spatial access to healthcare
facilities)using spatial statistical indicators and spatial overlay operations
5. Leading to better understanding / explanation; evidence-based policy making and evaluation; and effective strategies for spatial optimisation.
–Interactions among demand, provision and transport
–Utility and constraint imposed by the interplay among space, time, and thematic domain
–Potential vs realised , objective vs subjective, …
• Measures –Opportunity based measures–Ratio based measures–Impedance based measures–Gravity based measures–Utility based measures–Constraint based measures
• Travel time–Speed limits (infrastructure vs agent)–Time of the day / week / year (seasonality)–Direction–Weather condition
• Travel distance –Straight line distance–Road network distance–Impact of multimodal network connectivity, distance decay, path slope and fitness level of people
Travel Distance to Nearest Maternal and Child Health Centre for Households with Children Under 5 years of Age
Conclusions 1. Spatially dispersed population and uneven distribution / provision of
healthcare facilities across geographical space leads to location advantages and disadvantages by virtue of where people live
2. Location-Enabled Approaches underpinned by spatial datasets and GIS-based spatial analytical procedures have been used for
– the mapping of people, healthcare facilities and transport system– the measurement of population concentration, network based travel
impedances between population centres and sites of healthcare provision, and ease of access to these essential services and facilities by local communities
– the identification of spatial clusters of disadvantaged locations / communities
3. With proper modifications of the datasets and analytical settings, the methodology developed in this study would be applicable to different population groups, practical issues, time periods, and geographical (either urban or rural) settings where spatial accessibility is an important issue.